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<mods:title id="7BEE18ED5C483E971381D1E342F3FB6D">Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (Arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D3166BC076C56688D3F10DF5E307140">R. G. Beutel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AB7A30569DAC7233A303E7379121781">S. N. Gorb</mods:namePart>
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22 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D69CC2F678E1E0167F856FC69F817" box="[845,1000,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sternorrhyncha" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Sternorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
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The tarsus is two­segmented in most representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D69CC2F678E1E0107F813FC4EF852" box="[813,975,2002,2024]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sternorrhyncha" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Sternorrhyncha</taxonomicName>
, but one­segmented in coccoids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC6FBE2F678E190766F813FF6BF8C9" author="Strumpel, H." journalOrPublisher="Handb. Zool. IV. Insecta. Part." lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 222" part="28" refId="ref17400" refString="Strumpel, H., 1983: Homoptera (Pflanzensauger). Handb. Zool. IV. Insecta. Part. 28, 1 - 222." title="Homoptera (Pflanzensauger)" type="journal article" year="1983">Strumpel 1983</bibRefCitation>
). A cushion­like, simple or bilobed arolium is present in many psylloids. Some representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D69CC2F608E190059F8BBFD5FF82A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[627,734,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
possess pulvilli. Other aphidid species examined are characterized by an eversible structure resembling euplantula between tibia and tarsus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC6FBE2F608E19032BF813FE69F852" author="Lees, A. M. &amp; Hardie, J." box="[257,488,2002,2024]" journalOrPublisher="J. Exp. Biol." pageId="4" pageNumber="181" pagination="209 - 228" part="136" refId="ref14909" refString="Lees, A. M.; Hardie, J., 1988: The organs of adhesion in the aphid Megoura viciae. J. Exp. Biol. 136, 209 - 228." title="The organs of adhesion in the aphid Megoura viciae" type="journal article" year="1988">Lees and Hardie 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC6FBE2F608E1903DEF813FD28F852" author="Dixon, A. F. G. &amp; Croghan, P. C. &amp; Gowing, R. P." box="[500,681,2002,2024]" journalOrPublisher="J. Exp. Biol." pageId="4" pageNumber="181" pagination="243 - 253" part="152" refId="ref11824" refString="Dixon, A. F. G.; Croghan, P. C.; Gowing, R. P., 1990: The mechanism by which aphids adhere to smooth surfaces. J. Exp. Biol. 152, 243 - 253." title="The mechanism by which aphids adhere to smooth surfaces" type="journal article" year="1990">Dixon et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13060ECA2F608E190095F813FC86F852" box="[703,775,2002,2024]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="3.[1132,1165,405,424]" captionTargetBox="[149,976,192,769]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,979,190,771]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Diversity of the leg attachment devices (gray­colored areas) in hexapods. (a) Arolium (smooth). (b) Pulvilli (smooth or hairy). (c) Empodial pulvillus (ep) (hairy). (d) Hairy adhesive soles of tarsomeres. (e) Eversible pretarsal bladder (smooth). (f) Eversible structure between tibia and tarsus (smooth). (g) Fossula spongiosa (hairy). (h) Euplantulae (eu) and claw pad (cp) (both smooth). (i) Tarsal thorns transformed into adhesive structures (th), claw pad (cp) (both smooth). (j) Adhesive claw setae" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2360333/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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