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<document id="5BCF7DD961C52FECF679EAB5CA6403B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="68515" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6576920" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e6d4b74-5d99-4155-a5de-5c8585abf1c8" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6576920" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600876003125" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="038D264C7549D70D80B5FEE55518F40E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Nycteridae_374.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nycteris thebaica E. Geoffroy 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="386" masterDocId="FFB45E34754FD70B851AFFEF527EFFBD" masterDocTitle="Nycteridae" masterLastPageNumber="386" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="386" updateTime="1698845937450" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="99732B61D3A2967D8C57B4F1A2BABCD8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="1C7047D2B5299B5350588BC80B5AEB10">Nycteridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="185D2422963A671EA498DCD091F4902E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BCA0862DA4E2DAD20D780AF32FF643D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="E4200BD059DFB25E6D50D788FBBA3B86">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="32058975B5BB6EACB082DC97DB6B5534">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038D264C7549D70D80B5FEE55518F40E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195828963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D264C7549D70D80B5FEE55518F40E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D264C7549D70D80B5FEE55518F40E" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B5FEE55798FE85" box="[1455,1510,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B5FEE55798FE85" blockId="6.[1450,2575,266,394]" box="[1455,1510,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<heading id="D0D320367549D70D80B5FEE55798FE85" box="[1455,1510,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<figureCitation id="131F8BDF7549D70D80B5FEE55798FE85" box="[1455,1510,266,312]" captionStart="Plate 28: Nycteridae" captionStartId="3.[135,165,3373,3398]" captionTargetBox="[17,2765,13,3656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Bates’s Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris arge), 2. Intermediate Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris intermedia), 3. Dwarf Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris nana), 4. Dja Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris major), 5. Malayan Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris tragata), 6. Javan Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris javanica), 7. Andersen’s Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris aurita), 8. Large Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris grandis), 9. Hairy Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris hispida), 10. Large-eared Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris macrotis), 11. Madagascar Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris madagascariensis), 12. Parisi’s Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris parisii), 13. Wood's Shitfaced Bat (Nycteris wood), 14. Gambian Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris gambiensis), 15. Egyptian Slitfaced Bat (Nycteris thebaica)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6576984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6576984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">15.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80ECFEE555B5FE85" box="[1526,1995,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80ECFEE555B5FE85" blockId="6.[1450,2575,266,394]" box="[1526,1995,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<heading id="D0D320367549D70D80ECFEE555B5FE85" box="[1526,1995,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D80ECFEE555B5FE85" box="[1526,1995,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Egyptian Slitfaced Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D82E7FEE55B4DFE85" box="[2045,2355,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D82E7FEE55B4DFE85" blockId="6.[1450,2575,266,394]" box="[2045,2355,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<heading id="D0D320367549D70D82E7FEE55B4DFE85" box="[2045,2355,266,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<taxonomicName id="4C24ECD97549D70D82E7FEE55B4DFE85" ID-CoL="485DW" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2045,2355,266,312]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaica">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D82E7FEE55B4DFE85" box="[2045,2355,266,312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Nycteris thebaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B6FEA55870FE3B" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B6FEA55B40FEE2" blockId="6.[1450,2575,266,394]" box="[1452,2366,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<heading id="D0D320367549D70D80B6FEA55B40FEE2" box="[1452,2366,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B6FEA55786FEE2" bold="true" box="[1452,1528,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D831BFEA554B3FEE2" box="[1537,1741,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Nyctére de Thébaide</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D83F8FEA55543FEE2" bold="true" box="[1762,1853,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D825EFEA55A57FEE2" box="[1860,2089,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Agyptische Schlitznase</vernacularName>
/ Spanish: Nicterio egipcio
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B1FE9E5870FE3B" blockId="6.[1450,2575,266,394]" box="[1451,2574,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<heading id="D0D320367549D70D80B1FE9E5870FE3B" box="[1451,2574,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B1FE9E54DDFE3B" bold="true" box="[1451,1699,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D83B6FE9E5501FE3B" box="[1708,1919,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<collectingRegion id="49E059B87549D70D83B6FE9E54A0FE3B" box="[1708,1758,369,390]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Cape</collectingRegion>
Long-eared Bat
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D8297FE9E5A32FE3B" box="[1933,2124,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<collectingRegion id="49E059B87549D70D8297FE9E55C0FE3B" box="[1933,1982,369,390]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Cape</collectingRegion>
Slit-faced Bat
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D8D40FE9E5B3CFE3B" box="[2138,2370,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Common Slit-faced Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="0527E7747549D70D8C4AFE9E5870FE3B" box="[2384,2574,369,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Geoffroy's Nycteris</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D8D0AFE5B5B22FE41" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D8D0AFE5B5B22FE41" blockId="6.[2064,2658,436,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D8D0AFE5B5AD5FE68" bold="true" box="[2064,2219,436,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C24ECD97549D70D8DA3FE5B5B29FE41" ID-CoL="485DX" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaicus">Nycteris thebaicus [sic] E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D8C7CFE0C584AFE41" box="[2406,2612,483,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D8C7CFE0C584AFE41" blockId="6.[2064,2658,436,863]" box="[2406,2612,483,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<materialsCitation id="3B4C9D077549D70D8C7CFE0C584AFE41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804723303" box="[2406,2612,483,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
Thebes,
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8CC5FE0C584EFE41" box="[2527,2608,483,508]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Egypt</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D8D08FDED5A27FD54" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D8D08FDED5A27FD54" blockId="6.[2064,2658,436,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<taxonomicName id="4C24ECD97549D70D8D08FDED5A91FD9E" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2066,2287,514,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaica">Nycteris thebaica</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C24ECD97549D70D8CE7FDED581CFD9E" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2557,2658,514,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaica">thebaica</taxonomicName>
group. Seven subspecies (
<taxonomicName id="4C24ECD97549D70D8C61FDC55B9BFDF6" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2427,2533,554,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaica">thebaica</taxonomicName>
, angolensis, brockmani, capensis, damarensis, labiata, and najdiya) have been named, but their taxonomic validity needs revision. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D8D0BFD01546FFC40" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF5BC7D27549D70D8D0BFD01546FFC40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6576982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6576982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6576982/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[1449,2041,445,860]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D8D0BFD01546FFC40" blockId="6.[2064,2658,436,863]" lastBlockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D8D0BFD015ABEFCB2" bold="true" box="[2065,2240,750,783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widely distributed throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, from
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8D08FCD15A00FCE2" box="[2066,2174,830,863]" name="Senegal" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Senegal</collectingCountry>
in W to
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8C1EFCD15B02FCE2" box="[2308,2428,830,863]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8CD0FCD15847FCE2" box="[2506,2617,830,863]" name="Somalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Somalia</collectingCountry>
in E, S to
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D830EFC8A54BBFC3B" box="[1556,1733,869,902]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(but absent from most of
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8D58FC8A5AE1FC3B" box="[2114,2207,869,902]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Congo</collectingCountry>
Basin), and N along Nile River through
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8331FC6354FCFC10" box="[1579,1666,908,941]" name="Sudan" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Sudan</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D83ACFC63557BFC10" box="[1718,1797,908,941]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Egypt</collectingCountry>
and across to
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D82CCFC635A5FFC10" box="[2006,2081,908,941]" name="Israel" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Israel</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8D7DFC635AB3FC10" box="[2151,2253,908,941]" name="Jordan" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Jordan</collectingCountry>
; there is an isolated population in
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8301FC5B54E9FC68" box="[1563,1687,948,981]" name="Morocco" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and another one on W coast of
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8D9EFC5B5B45FC68" box="[2180,2363,948,981]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
along Red Sea S to
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D80B0FC0F5473FC40" box="[1450,1549,992,1021]" name="Yemen" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Yemen</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B1FBEC54A1FA12" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B1FBEC54A1FA12" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B1FBEC54D3FB99" bold="true" box="[1451,1709,1027,1060]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 40-56 mm, tail 40-63 mm, ear 26-37 mm, hindfoot 8-14 mm, forearm 34-52 mm; weight 6-16 g. The Egyptian Slitfaced Bat is small, with short rounded wings. Longitudinal cleft runs along top of muzzle, covering noseleaves. Fur is long and fluffy pale gray, reddish brown to dark brown dorsally, and much paler ventrally. Orange morph also exists that is bright orange dorsally and ventrally. Ears are very long. Wing membranes are dark brown and free of hairs. Females are on average larger than males, but there is significant overlap in measurements. There are no obvious sexual differences in pelage. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FNa =
<quantity id="4CDC3ABF7549D70D82A0FAD05581FADD" box="[1978,2047,1343,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" unit="in" value="78.0">78 in</quantity>
southern Africa. Echolocation call is multtharmonic and involves a steep FM sweep with peak frequencies at 50 kHz, 73 kHz, 90 kilz, and 113 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B6FA5A55EBF99B" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B6FA5A55EBF99B" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B6FA5A5465FA6B" bold="true" box="[1452,1563,1461,1494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Habitat.</emphasis>
Very wide variety of savanna and semiarid environments, including riverine and coastal forests, avoiding tropical rainforests and montane habitats, from sea level to elevations of more than
<quantity id="4CDC3ABF7549D70D8230F9EA55EFF99B" box="[1834,1937,1541,1574]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B6F9C4543AF8AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B6F9C4543AF8AE" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B6F9C454BDF9F1" bold="true" box="[1452,1731,1579,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Egyptian Slit-faced Bat eats various insects including orthopterans, moths, and beetles, taking different groups preferentially at different times of the year. It forages close to the ground where it gleans arthropods off low foliage and the ground. It detects prey from rustling sounds made as they move along the ground and then uses low-intensity echolocation calls to target and locate them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B7F8F75412F865" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B7F8F75412F865" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B7F8F7544DF884" bold="true" box="[1453,1587,1816,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Breeding.</emphasis>
In southern Africa, breeding of Egyptian Slitfaced Bats is seasonal, with young born in early wet season (November). Young are fully grown by February and indistinguishable from adults by June. Litter size is one. Gestation is ¢.5 months, and young are suckled for c¢.2 months. A mother carries her non-volant young that attaches to her nipple.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B1F8315790F779" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B1F8315790F779" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B1F83154E6F842" bold="true" box="[1451,1688,2014,2047]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Egyptian Slitfaced Bat roosts during the day in sheltered structures including caves, road culverts, hollow trees, Aardvark (Onrycteropus afer) burrows, and abandoned buildings. It can share its roost with several other species of bats, including Myotis spp., Miniopterus spp., and Rhinolophus spp. It emerges at dusk and returns back to the day roost at dawn. It uses regular night roosts located in its foraging area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B7F724542AF595" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B7F724542AF595" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B7F7245A04F751" bold="true" box="[1453,2170,2251,2284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Egyptian Slit-faced Bats roost singly or in large colonies of several hundred individuals. In cave systems, colonies can number up to a thousand individuals. In
<collectingCountry id="F333D7CA7549D70D8D0CF6F55ADBF686" box="[2070,2213,2330,2363]" name="Swaziland" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
, individual Egyptian Slit-faced Bats traveled an average of 1-1 km from the day roost to their foraging areas. In one study, average home range was 12-9 ha and overlapped with an average of four other bats. Sex ratio in the day roosts is heavily skewed toward females when they are in late pregnancy, although sex ratio of offspring is 1:1. Adult males move away from maternity roosts after breeding in June and do not return until after March the following year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B4F5C15B61F522" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B4F5C15B61F522" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B4F5C15575F5F2" bold="true" box="[1454,1803,2606,2639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Wide geographic distribution and flexible habitat requirements are likely to ensure that the Egyptian Slit-faced Bat will not be threatened in the near term.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EC4D17549D70D80B4F5425518F40E" pageId="6" pageNumber="386" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8B9B975A7549D70D80B4F5425518F40E" blockId="6.[1450,2660,869,2995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B9504B487549D70D80B4F5425439F57B" bold="true" box="[1454,1607,2733,2758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="386">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Aldridge et al. (1990), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Benda, Lugan et al. (2010), Bernard (1982a), Bernard &amp; Happold (2013c), Bowie et al. (1999), Gray et al. (1999), Griffiths (1994, 1997), Happold, M. (2013ag), Largen et al. (1974), LaVal &amp; LaVal (1980a), Mendelssohn &amp; Yom-Tov (1999), Monadjem (2001, 2005b, 2006), Monadjem, McCleery &amp; Collier (2015), Monadjem, Reside et al. (2009), Monadjem, Schoeman et al. (2010), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Rautenbach (1982), Rosevear (1965), Seamark &amp; Bogdanowicz (2002), Smithers &amp; Lobéao Tello (1976), Smithers &amp; Wilson (1979), Taylor et al. (2017), Thomas et al. (1994), Van Cakenberghe &amp; De Vree (1998), Verschuren (1957 1982).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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