158 lines
20 KiB
XML
158 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="256EC97BB059615F633F09A67E417006" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C97429AA6C46D2FBBEFE46036D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Efferia aestuans" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E731B2077C9988AF0DAB892A46FC4311">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53DBDF12928D7EDA98F6CED1BDF92368">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD55C7E18B9985C7CC502F30AA82F6C8">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0118B48BDA31EE1A0E82A4D528E2F76D">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7CE4D678C8735AC8D807EDE6223BB3A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F3A56C8DA4D0F8A023854736F45C5DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B3E30238D3CD562E85F8B676CEEDA94">
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<mods:date id="1549091B9E5862C30998E835FCD9F822">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BB76172E02798CF1ADB32C4AB6699C10">2008-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EC7851EC3549568096465258C254650E">1868</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6789576CB3CD428C36D4612CB33D3896">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="07F33EB229F0DC0446053F162B20968D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F1B29E9CE74BBC05CA22E0BFC43E7EA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587C97429AA6C46D2FBBEFE46036D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C97429AA6C46D2FBBEFE46036D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C97429AA6C46D2FBBEFE46036D" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="C33665547429AA6246D2FBBEFE010328" box="[151,492,1101,1127]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA6246D2FBBEFE010328" blockId="70.[151,492,1101,1162]" box="[151,492,1101,1127]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<heading id="D0DB81B37429AA6246D2FBBEFE010328" bold="true" box="[151,492,1101,1127]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7429AA6246D2FBBEFE010328" ID-CoL="38TQH" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[151,492,1101,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7429AA6246D2FBBEFE010328" bold="true" box="[151,492,1101,1127]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7429AA6246D2FBBEFEB30328" bold="true" box="[151,350,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Efferia aestuans</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33665547429AA6C46D2FB83FE46036D" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA6246D2FB83FF1003C5" blockId="70.[151,492,1101,1162]" box="[151,253,1136,1162]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A5A7429AA6246DAFB83FF1803C5" box="[159,245,1136,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="71.[151,255,1761,1785]" captionText="FIGURE 44. Efferia aestuans (Linnaeus), lateral view." pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA6246D2FB33FDDD021D" blockId="70.[151,1436,1216,2002]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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Descriptions of the pupae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7429AA6247B4FB33FD5C0396" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[497,689,1216,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7429AA6247B4FB33FD5C0396" box="[497,689,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Efferia aestuans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7429AA624523FB33FBDE0395" author="Bromley, S. W." box="[870,1075,1216,1242]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref52059" refString="Bromley, S. W. (1946) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Third Fascicle. Asilidae. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 69, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1946">Bromley's (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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key to
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<collectingRegion id="49E8F83D7429AA6242CAFB33FAF10395" box="[1167,1308,1216,1242]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
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robber fly pupal cases and by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7429AA624738FB1BFDD9024D" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[381,564,1256,1282]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="161 - 409" refId="ref55167" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part 1. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12, 161 - 409." type="journal article" year="1917">Malloch (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7429AA62442BFB1BFCE5024D" author="Riley, C. V." box="[622,776,1256,1282]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref55999" refString="Riley, C. V. (1870) Second Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects of the State of Missouri. Missouri State Board of Agriculture, Jefferson City, Missouri, 135 pp." type="book" year="1870">Riley (1870)</bibRefCitation>
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. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7429AA6245CFFB1BFBBC024D" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[906,1105,1256,1282]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="161 - 409" refId="ref55167" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part 1. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12, 161 - 409." type="journal article" year="1917">Malloch's (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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description of a male pupal case is fairly complete, it is not presented in a style parallel to ours. We therefore redescribe this species utilizing both male and female material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA624680FA93FB9D0125" blockId="70.[151,1436,1216,2002]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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This description is based on five pupal cases with associated, pinned adults from the
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<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7429AA6242B2FA93FA740235" box="[1271,1433,1376,1402]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">United States</collectingCountry>
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National Museum;
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA624739FA7BFE0402ED" box="[380,489,1416,1442]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
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cases are labeled "Lockport, N.Y.;
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA6245CBFA7BFBC602ED" box="[910,1067,1416,1442]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1945-07-12">12 July 1945</date>
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; L.L. Pechuman; from larva in garden soil; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955," and "E. Baton Rouge Par.; Hylandia Road;
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA6242FEFA43FAB40285" box="[1211,1369,1456,1482]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1969-07-18">18 July 1969</date>
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; Mac Tidwell; reared from pupae, emerged
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA624411FA2BFD1F02BD" box="[596,754,1496,1522]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1969-07-28">28 July 1969</date>
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." Three female cases are labeled "Lockport, N.Y.;
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA624301FA2BFF380155" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1945-07-24">24 July 1945</date>
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; L.L. Pechuman; from larva found in garden soil; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955," "Acc. 15.4; Tidwell; Idlewild Ex. Farm; E. Feliciana Par.;
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA624418F9DBFD11010D" box="[605,764,1576,1602]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1965-04-07">7 April 1965</date>
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; reared from larvae, pupated 8 July, emer. 6 Aug," and "Stamford, Conn.;
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<date id="FF92101F7429AA624731F9A3FDFB0125" box="[372,534,1616,1642]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1929-07-15">July 15, 1929</date>
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; B.T.R. Lab.; Col. S.W. Bromley Collection 1955."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA624680F98BFA91007D" blockId="70.[151,1436,1216,2002]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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Description: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA6245B7F984FBEB01C4" box="[1010,1030,1655,1675]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA624248F98BFB5101DD" box="[1037,1212,1656,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="14.5">14.5–18.5 mm</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA624288F984FB0C01C4" box="[1229,1249,1655,1675]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA6242A2F98BFA7A01DD" box="[1255,1431,1656,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="17.5" valueMin="16.5">16.5–17.5 mm</quantity>
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; greatest width of thorax,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA6247FEF96CFE2201FC" box="[443,463,1695,1715]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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4.0 mm,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA624478F96CFDBC01FC" box="[573,593,1695,1715]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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4.0–
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA6244C9F953FD0501F5" box="[652,744,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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; greatest width of abdomen,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA62427DF96CFBA101FC" box="[1080,1100,1695,1715]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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3.0–
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA6242C2F953FB0E01F5" box="[1159,1251,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA6242A8F96CFAEC01FC" box="[1261,1281,1695,1715]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA62434DF953FA7A01F5" box="[1288,1431,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.3 mm</quantity>
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, tapering to
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA624766F934FEDA0194" box="[291,311,1735,1755]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA62477BF93BFE7701AD" box="[318,410,1736,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567429AA62479CF934FE000194" box="[473,493,1735,1755]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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1.0–
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7429AA62446CF93BFD6E01AD" box="[553,643,1736,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining golden brown, wing sheath darker apically; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown, darker apically, except for uniformly colored dorsal abdominal spines; bristlelike spines yellowish to reddish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7429AA634680F8B3FE670635" blockId="70.[151,1436,1216,2002]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1433,152,378]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Head with pair of dorsally flattened, ventrally wedgeshaped anterior antennal processes not joined at base and group of 3 basally fused posterior antennal processes located ventrolaterally on each side; middle and outer posterior processes closer together and fused for greater distance, appearing shorter than inner posterior process; outer posterior process usually broad, with outer flattened area basally; inner and middle posterior processes narrow, acute to slightly rounded apically, with middle posterior process sometimes smaller than inner process. Labral sheath smooth to rugose, usually with a slight apical keel. Proboscial sheath smooth to rugose on each side of midline, with small, rugose, ridgelike tubercle on each side of midline and small, ventrally concave, median tubercle posteriorly. Maxillary sheath rugose on inner margin, with small posterior tubercle; sometimes with minute, yellowish tubercle just above anterior margin of proboscial sheath on each side of labral sheath.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5366577428AA6346D2F912FD0801B6" box="[151,741,1761,1785]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,255,1761,1785]">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7428AA6346D2F912FD0801B6" blockId="71.[151,741,1761,1785]" box="[151,741,1761,1785]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7428AA6346D2F912FECB01B6" bold="true" box="[151,294,1761,1785]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7428AA634768F911FDBA01B6" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[301,599,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7428AA634768F911FE3601B6" box="[301,475,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Efferia aestuans</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7428AA6C4680F8A7FC560665" blockId="71.[151,1436,1876,2022]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anterior coxal sheath irregularly rugulose, with anterior, median, longitudinal split; sometimes with minute anterior tubercle on each side of midline directly posterior to small lateral tubercles of proboscial sheath. Prothoracic spiracles elongateoval, slightly upraised, situated midlaterally at anterior margin of thorax. Anterior mesothoracic spines consisting of pair of long, posteriorly curved, pointed spines above base of sheath of mid legs; posterior spine wider basally than anterior spine. Posterior mesothoracic callosity medium sized, smooth to slightly rugulose, with small, apically rounded posterior mesothoracic spine. Wing sheath irregularly rugose, lacking basal tubercles. Thoracic area above wing sheath smooth to irregularly rugose. Apex of hind leg sheath reaching to middle of abdominal segment 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FECBFBC9061D" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" box="[197,1060,312,338]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Abdominal spiracles semioval, upraised, situated along midline laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FE93FD2F0685" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 12–13 long, apically recurved spurs, outermost spur on each side sometime very short; dorsolateral bristlelike spines absent; 3 bristlelike spines behind each spiracle; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FE2BFAEE0525" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Segments 2–7 with dorsomedian transverse row of 6 long spurs alternating with 8–14 short spines; spines broad, slightly in front of long spurs, sometimes bifurcate apically; 4–8 long dorsolateral bristlelike spines and 5–8 lateral bristlelike spines behind each spiracle; some dorsolateral spines bifurcate or trifurcate; lateral spine toward dorsum and some other lateral spines about onehalf as long as surrounding spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FD8BFDD805AD" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Segment 2 with 7–11 long, apically recurved ventral bristlelike spines on each side of and extending under hind leg sheaths; segments 3–7 with complete transverse row of 20–31 long, straight to apically recurved ventral bristlelike spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FD03FE2104CD" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Segment 8 with 2 dorsal spurs on each side of dorsal midline; small darkbrown spiracle at lateral midline; and 5–6 lateral bristlelike spines on each side; venter of female with 3 long bristlelike spines on each side of and curved toward ventral midline; male cases with 4–6 bristlelike spines on each side of midline and 1–2 median bristlelike spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7427AA6C4680FC63FE46036D" blockId="72.[151,1438,152,1058]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Segment 9 with pair of long, straight to slightly apically recurved dorsal posterolateral processes; pair of short ventral posterolateral processes not fused to but curved toward dorsal posterolateral processes; and pair of small posteroventral and posteromedain tubercles; males with pair of large, widely separated, acuminate anteroventral tubercles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |