553 lines
68 KiB
XML
553 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="456EC826D7461D31D287F499939C7762" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512244" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512244" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1717719192119" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zug, George R." docDate="2015" docId="03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.62.5.135-190.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Kalophrynus meizon Zug 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="FFBC1B2FCC57FFF1FFAB5C0AFF8C611C" masterDocTitle="Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1720721637343" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9DDA5B3ABABA32DFEB34361BB60F8EA5">Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8398A5A1CB3A32B06FA9371E1624C2F5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ECE7F63FDE907603A149F59FDDC39674">Zug, George R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A44F3BC43764F473D6E3EDBBAA1B3D4F">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="46C7F32BC79359D319E6F32CE6917559">
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<mods:date id="0F4515D9DB5AF9439CE2D0AA06CC987E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11E106266453D906F659790A52B070AD">2015-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37A1398891C52571836B56509F0EDE48">62</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CCD65666EA33E65C643694482A3A3645">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A932973E78B8D16829A04B952E26FEF1">135</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="ED2720E4B74F6F0858B3C586120CF733" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11512244</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="544CF25405273855D51DEDA440B20FAD" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<subSubSection id="C33681CACC48FFEEFFD05D94FB0260AA" box="[123,1166,414,438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFEEFFD05D94FB0260AA" blockId="31.[123,1166,414,469]" box="[123,1166,414,438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<heading id="D0DB652DCC48FFEEFFD05D94FB0260AA" box="[123,1166,414,438]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC48FFEEFFD05D94FB0260AA" bold="true" box="[123,1166,414,438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC48FFEEFFD05D94FED360AA" ID-CoL="6NJSX" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[123,351,414,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC48FFEEFFD05D94FED360AA" bold="true" box="[123,351,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Kalophrynus meizon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC48FFEEFECD5D94FE1860AA" box="[358,404,414,438]" country="Switzerland" name="Zug" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Zug</collectingRegion>
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, sp. nov. Borneo Big Sticky Frog
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33681CACC48FFEEFFD05DB5FE9C60C8" box="[123,272,447,469]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFEEFFD05DB5FE9C60C8" blockId="31.[123,1166,414,469]" box="[123,272,447,469]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<figureCitation id="1317CEC4CC48FFEEFFD05DB5FF5960C8" box="[123,213,447,469]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="32.[539,551,1647,1666]" captionTargetBox="[123,1176,216,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-351@32.[504,1176,216,1632]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 8. Images of holotype of Kalophrynus meizon (FMNH 267881, male, 47.5 mm SVL) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views [photog- rapher, J.A. Poindexter]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512258/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Figures 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1317CEC4CC48FFEEFF495DB5FE9C60C8" box="[226,272,447,468]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="44.[155,167,1351,1370]" captionTargetBox="[169,1129,216,1336]" captionTargetId="figure-124@44.[169,1129,215,1336]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 11. Coloration of living representatives of pleurostigma-interlineatus group. (A) Dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 520321) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, C. Hansen]; (B) dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 523966) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, G.R. Zug]; (C) dorsolateral view of a K. interlineatus (CAS) from the Tanintharyi National Park, Tanintharyi, Myanmar [photograph- er, J.V. Vindum]; (D) dorsolateral view of a K. meizon (FMNH 242796) from Poring Station, Mt. Kinabulu Park, Ranua District, Sabah [photographer, R.F. Inger]; (E) dorsolateral view of a K. sinensis (UK 333148) from Agusan del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines [photographer, R.M. Brown]; (F) dorsolateral view of a K. pleurostigma (UK 333148) from Gunung Kunyit, Jambi, Sumatra [photographer, E.N. Smith]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512262/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">11D.</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
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||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC48FFEEFF005DFBFDF3654F" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFEEFF005DFBFC4363B7" blockId="31.[123,1174,497,1725]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFF005DFBFE1D6356" collectingDate="2004-11-29" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="Bintulu Division & Robert F. Inger" country="Malaysia" latitude="2.9333334" location="Field Museum of Natural History" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="113.083336" municipality="Samarakan Nursery" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFF005DFBFF686314" box="[171,228,497,521]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFF445DFEFED0631B" box="[239,348,500,519]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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.—
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||
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<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC48FFEEFE285DFBFE7E6314" box="[387,498,497,520]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<location id="8EF3849ACC48FFEEFDAF5DFBFCF46315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F:8EF3849ACC48FFEEFDAF5DFBFCF46315" box="[516,888,497,521]" country="Malaysia" latitude="2.9333334" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="113.083336" municipality="Samarakan Nursery" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Field Museum of Natural History</location>
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||
267881, adult male from
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC48FFEEFFD05E1BFEDC6336" box="[123,336,529,554]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Samarakan Nursery</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE18B486CC48FFEEFE135E1BFD916335" box="[440,541,529,553]" degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" precision="925" value="113.083336">113°05´E</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26D9B797CC48FFEEFD9D5E1BFD666335" box="[566,746,529,553]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Bintulu Division</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC48FFEEFD525E1BFCD96335" box="[761,853,529,553]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26D9B797CC48FFEEFC5B5E1BFB196336" box="[1008,1173,529,554]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Robert F. Inger</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FF92F481CC48FFEEFF0B5E38FEBE6356" box="[160,306,562,586]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" value="2004-11-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD60D69CC48FFEEFF0B5E38FEBE6356" box="[160,306,562,586]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" value="2004-11-29">29 Nov 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1317CEC4CC48FFEEFEED5E38FE0B6356" box="[326,391,562,586]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="32.[539,551,1647,1666]" captionTargetBox="[123,1176,216,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-351@32.[504,1176,216,1632]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 8. Images of holotype of Kalophrynus meizon (FMNH 267881, male, 47.5 mm SVL) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views [photog- rapher, J.A. Poindexter]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512258/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFE095E38FB026356" box="[418,1166,562,586]" collectingDate="2004-11-29" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Bintulu Division & Robert F. Inger" country="Malaysia" latitude="2.9333334" location="Field Museum of Natural History" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="113.083336" municipality="Samarakan Nursery" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="FMNH 267873, 267875-880" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFE095E38FD986355" baselines="579,580" box="[418,532,562,585]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Paratypes" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
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<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC48FFEEFE095E38FD986355" box="[418,532,562,585]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFD8D5E38FD416356" box="[550,717,562,586]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">FMNH 267873</specimenCode>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFD755E38FCEF6356" box="[734,867,562,586]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">267875–880</specimenCode>
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||
, same locality as holotype
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFFD05E59FE9A6397" collectingDate="2004-11-29" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Bintulu Division & Robert F. Inger" country="Malaysia" latitude="2.9333334" location="Sg" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="113.083336" municipality="District" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="FMNH 269668-670, 269673, 269675" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFFD05E59FED86376" box="[123,340,594,618]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">FMNH 269668–670</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFECA5E58FE3D6376" box="[353,433,594,618]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">269673</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFE155E58FD826376" box="[446,526,594,618]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">269675</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8EF3849ACC48FFEEFDBE5E58FDBD6376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F:8EF3849ACC48FFEEFDBE5E58FDBD6376" box="[533,561,594,618]" country="Malaysia" municipality="District" name="Sg" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Sg</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC48FFEEFD935E58FD4D6376" authority=", Kakus" authorityName="Kakus" box="[568,705,594,618]" class="Insecta" family="Aetalionidae" genus="Mina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mina, Kakus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC48FFEEFD635E58FC946376" box="[712,792,594,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC48FFEEFC8E5E58FC0D6376" box="[805,897,594,618]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 273260–262 same locality as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFE8F5E79FC226397" box="[292,942,627,651]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Malaysia" location="Penyaria" municipality="Bintulu Division" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="FMNH 273264, 273266" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFE8F5E79FE4B6397" box="[292,455,627,651]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">FMNH 273264</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFE7F5E79FDA86397" box="[468,548,627,651]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">273266</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8EF3849ACC48FFEEFD815E79FD0B6397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F:8EF3849ACC48FFEEFD815E79FD0B6397" box="[554,647,627,651]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Bintulu Division" name="Penyaria" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Penyaria</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC48FFEEFD3F5E79FCCA6397" box="[660,838,627,651]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Bintulu Division</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC48FFEEFCF95E79FC226397" box="[850,942,627,651]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFC105E79FC4563B7" collectionCode="USNM, FMNH" country="Malaysia" location="Tabua Camp on Sungei Pesu" municipality="Bintulu District" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="USNM 197671, FMNH 157676" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFC105E79FBD26397" box="[955,1118,627,651]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">USNM 197671</specimenCode>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC48FFEEFF6B5E9EFEE963B7" box="[192,357,659,683]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">FMNH 157676</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<location id="8EF3849ACC48FFEEFEDF5E99FD2563B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC48FFD3FFD05D94FDD7674F:8EF3849ACC48FFEEFEDF5E99FD2563B7" box="[372,681,659,684]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Bintulu District" name="Tabua Camp on Sungei Pesu" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Tabua Camp on Sungei Pesu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC48FFEEFD1C5E99FCD363B7" box="[695,863,659,683]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Bintulu District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC48FFEEFCC65E99FC4563B7" box="[877,969,659,683]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFEEFF005EBEFDF3654F" blockId="31.[123,1174,497,1725]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC48FFEEFF005EBEFEC663D0" bold="true" box="[171,330,692,716]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFF005EBEFEA563D6" baselines="710,709" box="[171,297,692,716]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Definition" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">DEFINITION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC48FFEEFE335EBFFD8463D0" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[408,520,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC48FFEEFE335EBFFD8463D0" box="[408,520,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">K. meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: size dimorphic, adults female
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFD4D5EDFFCD463F0" box="[742,856,724,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="48.0">48–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, males
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFC065EDFFB9363F0" box="[941,1055,724,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="44.0">44–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFB8C5EDFFBD563F1" box="[1063,1113,725,749]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
; proportion not dimorphic (except for TarsL/ThghL and HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFCA05EFFFCB16211" box="[779,829,757,781]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
; females smaller), HeadL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFBCF5EFFFB1A6211" box="[1124,1174,757,781]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
29–35 %; tympanum about equal eye diameter, Tymp/EyeD 84–112 %; moderately long hindlimbs, HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFEEB5F3CFEFE6252" box="[320,370,822,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
136–157 %; short hindfoot, HndfL/ThghL 71–87 %; strong supratympanic ridge dorsoposteriorly overhanging tympanic annulus; paired vomerine folds, each broad smoothly undulatory with narrow medial separation; single postorbital fold of broad undulatory lobes; single broad buccal fold comprised of numerous abutting short blunt lobes; forefeet without webbing; hindfeet moderately webbed, highest between 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C597F09CC48FFEEFD2E5FB2FD1962D5" attach="left" box="[645,661,952,969]" fontSize="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C597F09CC48FFEEFD715FB2FD6562D5" attach="left" box="[730,745,952,969]" fontSize="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">th</superScript>
|
||
toe, usually to base of 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C597F09CC48FFEEFC575FB2FB8362D5" attach="left" box="[1020,1039,952,969]" fontSize="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">nd</superScript>
|
||
subarticular tubercle of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C597F09CC48FFEEFEAF5FD3FE9F62F6" attach="left" box="[260,275,985,1002]" fontSize="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">th</superScript>
|
||
toe; head without median head stripe (HeadMid 0 %) uncommonly with parasagittal ones (HeadPsag 11 % present) and DorsNap (11 % present); chin seldom with paired, broad longitudinal bars; hindlimbs (HndlBr) weakly or inconspicuously barred (50 %) and commonly (>50 %) with light horizontal stripe on rear of thighs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC48FFD3FF005856FEC360EE" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFEEFF005856FDFA642B" blockId="31.[123,1174,497,1725]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC48FFEEFF005856FD9B656E" bold="true" box="[171,535,1116,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFF005856FEB6656E" baselines="1134,1133" box="[171,314,1116,1140]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFEEC5855FEEF656E" baselines="1133" box="[327,355,1119,1138]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">OF</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFEC4586AFE15656F" baselines="1134" box="[367,409,1120,1139]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="the" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">THE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFEEFE0D5855FDFA642B" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC48FFEEFE0D5855FD9B656E" baselines="1133" box="[422,535,1119,1138]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="holotype" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC48FFEEFE0D5855FD9B656E" box="[422,535,1119,1138]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— Moderately robust-bodied male (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFC195856FB9C656F" box="[946,1040,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="47.5">47.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFBB55856FBDC6568" box="[1054,1104,1116,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
) with well-developed, moderate-length fore- and hindlimbs (51 % ForarmL+HandL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFBAD5877FBB56589" box="[1030,1081,1149,1173]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 147 % HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFF635897FF7665A9" box="[200,250,1181,1205]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
); head ovate (33 % HeadL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFD9A5897FDEF65A9" box="[561,611,1181,1205]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
, 30 % HeadW/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC48FFEEFCA75897FCB265A9" box="[780,830,1181,1205]" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
) and continuous with body (no apparent constriction or enlargement at juncture of head and trunk). Body measurements are: HeadL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFF6358D4FEAA65EA" box="[200,294,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HeadW
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFE2058D4FE6565EA" box="[395,489,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; SnEye
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFDE858D4FD1865EA" box="[579,660,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; NarEye
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFD5258D4FCC665EA" box="[761,842,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; EyeD
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFC3158D4FC6765EA" box="[922,1003,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; Tymp
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFB9758D4FB0165EA" box="[1084,1165,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ForarmL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFF4858F5FECE640A" box="[227,322,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HandL 11.0 mm; ThghL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFDC158F5FD44640A" box="[618,712,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; CrusL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFC8C58F5FC0A640A" box="[807,902,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TarsL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFC7458F5FBB1640A" box="[991,1085,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HndfL
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC48FFEEFFD05915FF55642B" box="[123,217,1311,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Eye distinctly larger than tympanum.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC48FFD0FF00594AFB03600F" collectionCode="SVL" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="31" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC48FFD1FF00594AFE52626F" blockId="31.[123,1174,497,1725]" lastBlockId="32.[123,478,219,1715]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="31" pageNumber="166">Skin strongly glandular with dorsal skin thickened and cloak-like extending from nape to posterior end of trunk, surface with numerous small white conical spines in adult males; skin thickest anteriorly forming distinct supratympanic fold over dorsal and posterior edge of tympanic annulus and swollen mass above axilla; distinct diagonal dorsolateral ridge from eye to inguina, below cloak merges imperceptibly into lateral trunk skin; limbs without enlarged glandular areas and surface mostly smooth; chest skin smooth, abdominal skin glandular and pebble-like; chest without small unpigmented glands. Nuptial pad of dense fine spines on bases second and third fingers. Tongue large, spatulate, posterior one half free. Vomerine teeth absent. Three sets of palatal folds on roof of mouth: vomerine paired, each long with low smooth free edge and narrowly separated medially; postorbital single, continuous, composed of 10 to 12 rectangular lobes; buccal slightly lower than postorbital and single continuous fold of 15 to 16 rectangular, abutting lobes, medial lobes larger than lateral ones. Fingers and toes well-developed and tips bluntly rounded; hand web free; asperities dorsally on base of second and third fingers; foot moderately webbed (WebIII.2 = 2.5, WebIV.1 = 1.5). Subarticular tubercles well-developed on hand and foot; large, elliptical palmar tubercle with moderately large tubercle at base of each finger and only third finger with tubercle of free portion of digit; on foot, paired moderate-sized, elliptical metatarsal tubercles on edges, inner slightly smaller than outer; each toe with basal subarticular tubercle; third toe with single tubercle on free portion of digit, fourth with two tubercles, and fifth with one (hence total of two tubercles on fifth toe, both low). Digital length formulae, hand 3>1≈2≈4, foot 4>3>5>2>1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC77FFD1FF005F71FF11674E" blockId="32.[123,478,219,1715]" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">Coloration in preservative (Fig. 8). Dorsum from tip of snout to between eyes uniform light brown thereafter to end of body dusky brown; dorsum largely without marking aside from numerous white spine; distinct dark centered ocelli in light brown inguinal pocket; dorsolateral ridge light brown bordered immediately below by narrow ‘stripe’ of dark brown quickly fading to medium brown ventrolaterally; face (loreal) dark brown at canthus rostralis, lighter brown to mouth; no banding on dorsal of thighs although light brown horizontal stripe from vent to behind knees. Venter light brown from chin to thighs, somewhat dusky from chin to base of throat; no stripes or bars on venter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC77FFD0FF005A51FC0763EA" blockId="32.[123,478,219,1715]" lastBlockId="33.[123,1174,219,1725]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC77FFD1FF005A51FE3C678D" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">DESCRIPTION AND INTRAPOPULATIONAL VARIATION</emphasis>
|
||
.— Large adults, strongly sexually dimorphic with females averaging larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FDE65CD1FD2761EE" box="[589,683,219,243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4799999999999995" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="54.8">54.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 48.2–60.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FCB15CD1FCDB61EE" box="[794,855,219,243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FCCA5CD1FC1F61EF" box="[865,915,219,243]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
) than males (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FB9B5CD1FB0261EE" box="[1072,1166,219,243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="45.6">45.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 44.1–47.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FF735CF1FE99600F" box="[216,277,251,275]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). These size differences occur in all other measurements: HeadL 16.0–19.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FB885CF1FBEC600F" box="[1059,1120,251,275]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBCC5CF6FB03600F" box="[1127,1167,252,275]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 13.4–15.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FF735D16FE99602F" box="[216,277,284,308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE885D16FEC7602F" box="[291,331,284,307]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; HeadW 16.3–21.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FDB05D16FDD4602F" box="[539,600,284,308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDCD5D16FD02602F" box="[614,654,284,307]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 14.1–16.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FD545D16FCB0602F" box="[767,828,284,308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FCE15D16FCFE602F" box="[842,882,284,307]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; SnEye 6.4–8.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FBB75D16FBD5602F" box="[1052,1113,284,308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBCC5D16FB03602F" box="[1127,1167,284,307]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5.1–6.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FF165D36FF76604F" box="[189,250,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FEA85D36FEA7604F" box="[259,299,316,339]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; NarEye 3.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FE6F5D36FD99604F" box="[452,533,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDB55D36FDCA604F" box="[542,582,316,339]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5.1–6.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FD335D36FD43604F" box="[664,719,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD735D36FC8C604F" box="[728,768,316,339]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; EyeD 3.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FC2F5D36FC59604F" box="[900,981,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC755D36FB8A604F" box="[990,1030,316,339]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4.0–4.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FBF35D36FB19604F" box="[1112,1173,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FFD05D56FF2F606F" box="[123,163,348,371]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; Tymp 4.4–5.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FE965D56FEF6606F" box="[317,378,348,372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE2F5D56FE20606F" box="[388,428,348,371]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3.7–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FE405D56FDB0606F" box="[491,572,348,372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDEE5D56FDE1606F" box="[581,621,348,371]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; ForarmL 14.9–18.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FCE85D56FC0C606F" box="[835,896,348,372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC215D56FC3E606F" box="[906,946,348,371]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 12.4–14.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FBB45D56FBD0606F" box="[1055,1116,348,372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBCD5D56FB02606F" box="[1126,1166,348,371]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; HandL 11.3–13.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FE805D76FEE46088" box="[299,360,380,404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FEDF5D77FE106088" box="[372,412,381,404]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 10.0–11.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FDA15D76FDCB6088" box="[522,583,380,404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDF85D77FDF76088" box="[595,635,381,404]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; ThghL 21.6–27.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FC965D76FCF66088" box="[829,890,380,404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC2D5D77FC226088" box="[902,942,381,404]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 19.8–22.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FBB65D77FBD66088" box="[1053,1114,381,404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBCD5D77FB026088" box="[1126,1166,381,404]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; CrusL 19.5–231. mm
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FEDA5D97FE1560A8" box="[369,409,413,436]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 17.9–19.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FDA05D97FDC460A8" box="[523,584,413,436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDFE5D97FDF160A8" box="[597,637,413,436]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; TarsL 12.1–14.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FC925D96FCFA60A8" box="[825,886,412,436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC285D97FC2760A8" box="[899,939,413,436]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 11.4–12.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FBB05D96FBD460A8" box="[1051,1112,412,436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBCD5D97FB0260A8" box="[1126,1166,413,436]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; HndfL 17.1–19.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC76FFD0FE835DB7FEE960C8" box="[296,357,445,469]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FEC45DB7FE1B60C8" box="[367,407,445,468]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 15.4–18.0 mm
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDE05DB7FDFF60C8" box="[587,627,445,468]" count="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FD2F5DB7FF2F6309" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="35">
|
||
Body proportions do not differ between females and males, except for TarsL/ThghL and HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FD295DD7FD3860E9" box="[642,692,477,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
(all values are percent): HeadL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FBB35DD7FBC660E9" box="[1048,1098,477,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
29–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBD05DD7FF2F6309" count="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">35 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 30–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FF705DF7FEAA6309" box="[219,294,509,533]" count="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">34 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FE9C5DF7FDB26309" box="[311,574,509,533]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="36" specimenCount-female="36">
|
||
HeadW/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FE3B5DF7FE4E6309" box="[400,450,509,533]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
31–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE585DF7FDB26309" box="[499,574,509,533]" count="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">36 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 30–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDDD5DF7FD4E6309" box="[630,706,509,533]" count="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">36 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; HeadW/HeadL 97–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC0E5DF7FC716309" box="[933,1021,509,533]" count="117" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">117 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 90–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FB9E5DF7FB026309" box="[1077,1166,509,533]" count="108" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">108 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; SnEye/HeadL 36–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE945E17FE056329" box="[319,393,541,565]" count="46" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">46 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 36–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE145E17FD856329" box="[447,521,541,565]" count="45" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">45 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; NarEye/SnEye 52–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD4D5E17FCBC6329" box="[742,816,541,565]" count="62" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">62 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 53–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FCCD5E17FC3D6329" box="[870,945,541,565]" count="67" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">67 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; EyeD/HeadL 27–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBD05E17FF2F6349" count="30" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">30 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 26–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FF765E34FEA06349" box="[221,300,574,598]" count="31" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">31 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; Tymp/EyeD 90–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE5E5E34FDDC6349" box="[501,592,574,598]" count="112" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">112 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 84–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD205E37FD6B6349" box="[651,743,573,597]" count="105" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">105 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FD515E34FB886349" box="[762,1028,573,598]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="32" specimenCount-female="32">
|
||
Forarm/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FCFB5E34FC0E634A" box="[848,898,574,598]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
26–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC1D5E34FB886349" box="[950,1028,574,598]" count="32" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">32 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 26–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FB945E34FB026349" box="[1087,1166,574,598]" count="32" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">32 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; Forarm/CrusL 66–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FEEA5E54FE066369" box="[321,394,606,630]" count="76" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">76 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 66–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE6B5E54FD856369" box="[448,521,606,630]" count="76" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">76 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FDBC5E54FCA56369" box="[535,809,606,630]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="157" specimenCount-female="157">
|
||
HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FDCE5E54FD1B636A" box="[613,663,606,630]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
136–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD795E54FCA56369" box="[722,809,606,630]" count="157" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">157 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 144–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FCC75E54FC4E6369" box="[876,962,606,630]" count="156" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">156 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FC7B5E54FF2F6389" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="43" specimenCount-female="43">
|
||
CrusL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FBB05E54FBC1636A" box="[1051,1101,606,630]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
38–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FBD05E54FF2F6389" count="43" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">43 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 38–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FF755E74FEA16389" box="[222,301,638,662]" count="43" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">43 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; CrusL/ThghL 85–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FDAC5E74FDDA6389" box="[519,598,638,662]" count="91" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">91 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 79–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD3A5E74FD6C6389" box="[657,736,638,662]" count="93" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">93 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; TarsL/ThghL 51–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FC1E5E74FB886389" box="[949,1028,638,662]" count="59" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">59 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 52–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FB945E74FB026389" box="[1087,1166,638,662]" count="62" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">62 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC76FFD0FFD05E94FE0C63AA" box="[123,384,670,694]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="38" specimenCount-female="38">
|
||
HndfL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FF625E94FF7763AA" box="[201,251,670,694]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
31–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE9B5E94FE0C63AA" box="[304,384,670,694]" count="38" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">38 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 35–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FE175E94FD8163AA" box="[444,525,670,694]" count="39" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">39 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; HndfL/ThghL 71–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FD465E94FCB163AA" box="[749,829,670,694]" count="87" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="female">87 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 76–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC76FFD0FCD15E94FC4663AA" box="[890,970,670,694]" count="83" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" type="male">83 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
. The dimorphism between TarsL/ThghL and HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC76FFD0FE425EB5FD9763CB" box="[489,539,703,727]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
indicates that the tarsus is longer in males than in females, although the differences are significant, the proportions strongly overlap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<caption id="DF5382C9CC77FFD1FDB05A65FD4267A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512258/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="167" startId="32.[539,551,1647,1666]" targetBox="[123,1176,216,1717]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC77FFD1FDB05A65FD4267A9" blockId="32.[507,1174,1647,1717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC77FFD1FDB05A65FDD4679D" baselines="1661,1661" box="[539,600,1647,1666]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
8. Images of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC77FFD1FCEC5A65FC76679E" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[839,1018,1647,1666]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC77FFD1FCEC5A65FC76679E" box="[839,1018,1647,1666]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="167">Kalophrynus meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 267881, male, 47.5 mm SVL) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views [photographer, J.A. Poindexter].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC76FFD0FF005EF5FC2E6504" blockId="33.[123,1174,219,1725]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">
|
||
All individuals dorsally with thick cloak of glandular skin from behind eyes to vent; unlike other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC76FFD0FF125F15FEC9622B" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[185,325,799,823]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC76FFD0FF125F15FEC9622B" box="[185,325,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group members surface texture and dorsolateral ridge/fold are sexually dimorphic, latter distinctly elevated in males; surface dimorphic, smoothly rugose in females, spiny rugose in males. Most males, perhaps sexually active ones, have numerous small white, sharptipped, conical spines from nape to vent, spines more numerous on posterior third of males’ trunks; in females, most individuals are spine free, when present, spines rounded (dome-shaped) and widely scattered on posterior third of trunk. Ventrally, males and females have similar surface morphology, smoothly rugose from chin to chest, abdomen large, pebble-like rugose. All adult males have asperities on bases of second and third finger, but of variable development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC76FFD0FF00582BFDBC65A5" blockId="33.[123,1174,219,1725]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">Oral morphology is relatively uniform among individuals although these data are not quantified. Tongue broadly ovate, about ½ free. No vomerine teeth. Vomerine folds are elongate smooth-edged flaps, nearly in contact on midline. Postorbital folds are well developed and continuous across midline and consist of six to eight abutting rectangular lobes. Buccal fold is low continuous fold with low abutting rectangular lobes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC76FFD0FF0058C8FE976700" blockId="33.[123,1174,219,1725]" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">Fingers lack webbing. Both finger and toe tips are bluntly rounded. Subarticular tubercle are well developed on the digits; only third finger bears a subarticular tubercle on free portion of digit; all fingers have a tubercle at their base and another row between a large, elliptical to oblong, nearly medial outer palmar tubercle. Second and third fingers bear asperities on dorsal surface of distal end of the metacarpal and first phalanx. For the hindfoot, each toe has a basal subarticular tubercle, third toe with addition tubercle on free portion of digit, two tubercles on free portion of fourth toe, and fifth toe with basal and midlevel tubercles often poorly developed to nearly absent. Inner and outer metatarsal tubercles are present; inner is large, nearly circular to elliptical; outer circular and small to nearly absent. Toes moderately webbed WebIII2 median 2.0 (2.0–2.5), WebIV1 1.0 (1.0–2.0). Digit lengths nearly constant for fore- and hindfeet; finger formula 3>1≈2≈4; toe formula 4>3>5>2>1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC76FFD3FF005A2EFEC360EE" blockId="33.[123,1174,219,1725]" lastBlockId="34.[122,1173,219,883]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Color pattern variation statistics for adults are (median and range): HeadMid 0, 0–0; HeadPsag 0, 0–2; DorsNap 0, 0–1; DorsPsag 0, 0–2; IngSpt 2, 2–2; HndlBr 1, 0–2; DlatSt 2, 1–2; Loreal 1, 1–2; LatTrnk 1, 1–2;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC76FFD0FE0F5A6FFE546761" box="[420,472,1637,1661]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">Chin</collectingRegion>
|
||
0, 0–1; Chest 0, 0–1. In preservative, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC76FFD0FC6F5A6CFBBE6761" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[964,1074,1638,1661]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC76FFD0FC6F5A6CFBBE6761" box="[964,1074,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="168">K. meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are dull, muddy colored (light to moderate grayish brown) frogs from dorsal view. Most individuals are unicolor dorsally or with few widely scattered, small, dark brown spots. Dorsolateral white stripe is well developed in all individuals and extends from snout tip above orbit to inguina, bordered below by dark brown fading to light brown ventrally. Inguinal dark-centered ocelli present in all individuals and uncommonly unilateral, smaller ocellus posteromedial to main ocellus. Venter is typically without pattern, dusky from chin through chest and light brown to cream on abdomen. Hindlimb commonly lack thigh banding and about half of individuals with horizontal light stripe continuously across rear of thighs. One individual (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC75FFD3FDFB5D71FD11608E" box="[592,669,379,402]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
267879) possesses the hourglass dorsal pattern of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC75FFD3FFD15DB1FF4260CF" box="[122,206,443,467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FF5C5DB6FE2860CF" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[247,420,443,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FF5C5DB6FE2860CF" box="[247,420,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">K. pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; pattern is outlined by narrow cream edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC75FFD3FF015DF1FE28636E" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FF015DF1FE28636E" blockId="34.[122,1173,219,883]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FF015DF1FEB9630D" bold="true" box="[170,309,507,531]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
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.— Of the twenty-one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FFD05E11FE89632F" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[123,261,539,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FFD05E11FE89632F" box="[123,261,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Kalophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species has the largest average size, and the Greek adjective
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FE695E36FD82634F" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[450,526,572,595]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FE695E36FD82634F" box="[450,526,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for larger or greater denotes this feature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC75FFD3FF005E71FE53648E" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FF005E71FF72626E" blockId="34.[122,1173,219,883]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FF005E71FEC5638D" bold="true" box="[171,329,635,659]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FED85E71FDE2638F" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[371,622,635,659]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FED85E71FDE2638F" box="[371,622,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Kalophrynus meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is potentially widespread in Borneo; however, the specimens or records available to me, of which I can confidently identify, indicate a predominantly northern Borneo distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1317CEC4CC75FFD3FE7F5EF1FD91620F" box="[468,541,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="34.[731,743,894,913]" captionTargetBox="[696,1176,396,875]" captionTargetId="figure-713@34.[696,1176,396,875]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Kalophrynus meizon (Bor- neo). Solid circle denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature records and museum records of specimens not examined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12726982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12726982/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) extending from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC75FFD3FE8D5F11FE6A622F" box="[294,486,795,819]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Barat" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">West Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
to northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC75FFD3FFD05F31FF30624F" box="[123,188,827,851]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
with outlying occurrence in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC75FFD3FDF45F31FF7B626F" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Selatan" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">South Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FF005F71FD1162EF" blockId="34.[123,670,891,979]" lastBlockId="34.[122,1174,987,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
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||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FF005F71FE9E628D" bold="true" box="[171,274,891,915]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">NATURAL</emphasis>
|
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</smallCapsWord>
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC75FFD3FE8A5F71FE0E628D" baselines="909,908" box="[289,386,891,915]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="History" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FE8A5F71FE0E628D" bold="true" box="[289,386,891,915]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">HISTORY</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— In the Mt. Kinabalu area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC75FFD3FF1E5F91FE1962AF" author="MALKMUS, R & U. MANTHEY & G. VOGEL & P. HOFFMANN & J. KOSUCH" box="[181,405,923,947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" refId="ref38012" refString="MALKMUS, R, U. MANTHEY, G. VOGEL, P. HOFFMANN, AND J. KOSUCH. 2002. Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo) A. R. G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this Sticky Frog occurs on the floor of primary dipterocarp forest between
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FFD05FD1FE8662EE" box="[123,266,987,1011]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">
|
||
500 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC75FFD3FF6F5FD1FE8262EE" box="[196,270,987,1011]" count="800" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="generic">800 m.</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
Breeding males commonly vocalized
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5382C9CC75FFD3FD705F74FC7D62C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12726982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12726982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12726982/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" startId="34.[731,743,894,913]" targetBox="[696,1176,396,875]" targetPageId="34">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FD705F74FC7D62C1" blockId="34.[699,1173,893,989]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
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|
||
9. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FC185F77FBEE628C" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[947,1122,893,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FC185F77FBEE628C" box="[947,1122,893,912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Kalophrynus meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bor- neo). Solid circle denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature records and museum
|
||
<subScript id="17A8D004CC75FFD3FD105FC0FC7D62C1" attach="left" box="[699,1009,970,989]" fontSize="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">records of specimens not examined.</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FFD05FF1FDDB654E" blockId="34.[122,1174,987,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">from body pits beneath leaf litter or at edge of shallow, ephemeral, forest pools. Eggs are deposit- ed in clusters and develop quickly with metamorphosis in about 16 days. Diet is principally ants although other small invertebrates are eaten.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FF005851FE53648E" blockId="34.[122,1174,987,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Earlier,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC75FFD3FEAA5851FE05656F" author="INGER, R. F." box="[257,393,1115,1139]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref37683" refString="INGER, R. F. 1966. The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology 52: 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that individuals occurred on the forest floor of primary forest and mainly beneath leaves. He also confirms small pools in logs and road ruts as breeding sites. Between 1984 and 2005, Inger (field data –
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FDD65896FD3165AF" box="[637,701,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">in litt</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF92F481CC75FFD3FD7C5891FCE565AF" box="[727,873,1179,1203]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" value="2013-08">August 2013</date>
|
||
) observed more than 125
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FFD158B6FF6B65CF" authorityName="Zug" authorityYear="2015" box="[122,231,1212,1235]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meizon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FFD158B6FF6B65CF" box="[122,231,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">K. meizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 11 field sites (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FE0958B1FD9065CE" box="[418,540,1211,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="520.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="340.0">340–700 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC75FFD3FDC558B1FD2365CF" box="[622,687,1211,1235]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC75FFD3FD4E58B1FCCD65CF" box="[741,833,1211,1235]" name="Malaysia" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The following is my summary of his data sheets. The majority (>75 %) of the frogs were found on midstream bars or tree snags in intermittent streams in primary forest. During morning searching, he and his team found ~30 % of the total frogs observed and all but few were beneath dry to moist leaf litter or other forest litter; at night, the frogs were exposed and most were sitting on the surface of the leaf litter. A few (4; ~3 % of total observations) were sitting on vegetation hanging over the stream bed, one individual at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FF745971FE86648E" box="[223,266,1403,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
, the others at ~
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2A19C8CC75FFD3FE045971FE53648E" box="[431,479,1403,1427]" count="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="generic">
|
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<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FE045971FE54648E" box="[431,472,1403,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC75FFD3FF015991FDD7674F" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC75FFD3FF015991FDD7674F" blockId="34.[122,1174,987,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">
|
||
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||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FF015991FEA464AD" bold="true" box="[170,296,1435,1459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">COMMENTS</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC75FFD3FEE45991FE5C64AF" author="INGER, R. F." box="[335,464,1435,1459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref37683" refString="INGER, R. F. 1966. The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology 52: 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 6) gave a smaller adult size for both the female (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FBBE5991FBED64AF" box="[1045,1121,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and male (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC75FFD3FF1459B1FE8164CF" box="[191,269,1467,1491]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC75FFD3FEB659B6FE4764CF" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[285,459,1467,1491]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC75FFD3FEB659B6FE4764CF" box="[285,459,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="169">K. pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Borneo. It is unclear how he sexed his specimens (I suspect externally through darkened throats in male and egg-swollen abdomens in females). Although his maturity identifications are likely correct, I have retained the minimum adult size as determined by my examination of the gonads for the specimens available to me for this account, but use his broader range of sizes in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AEE7FACC75FFD3FDAE5A31FDDB674F" box="[517,599,1595,1619]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[134,147,468,534]" captionText="TABLE3.SelectcharacteristicofcurrentlyrecognizedspeciesofKalophrynus." pageId="34" pageNumber="169">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |