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<document id="FBCD3BBD25275E8C76A5248EF92364C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="21673" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c12aaed8-264c-459c-b1aa-09eaeb686670" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3884610" ID-ZooBank="311A27A2-A053-4D20-A43E-EF57DBE55166" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1591601966137" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit &amp; Katoh, Toru" docDate="2020" docId="03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4789.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4789 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Toda &amp; Bänziger &amp; Sati &amp; Fartyal &amp; Suwito &amp; Katoh 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFF1146EEB26575AFFF9DD08FFEBFFAA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698842174822" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="352F637DB4378982B4C686023FC73634">Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="458E3A5649167EA4AE10BDBB053AF961">Toda, Masanori J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB66A943C21A215712323F57A1877102">Bänziger, Hans</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53F372BC7DDE5381218135C6FF78432B">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand hans. banziger @ cmu. ac. th; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8913 - 3034</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="25B51740DA390223F5845BA48459790F">Sati, Pradeep C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="650774D9DBBA53813F3806B70B3C50EB">Systematic &amp; Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India. &amp; satipradeep 28 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6809 - 8575</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F764FC582FF13B0AA0C186533AC14FDE">Fartyal, Rajendra S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D118BACCED069F1CE4E8543B412ADD2C">Systematic &amp; Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India. &amp; rs. fartyal @ hnbgu. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8844 - 6263</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3F2DE6E4E3BBCEAAE9A4DEED653B54B">Suwito, Awit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D8087A16DBF2C9E18AFD9B6F933F890">Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia. awitswt @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1C8D1EAB622E8720F5EEC62A376B888">Katoh, Toru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A966F27444A8A0333EB4B50575B61D07">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan t _ katoh @ sci. hokudai. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3376 - 8545</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221268" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164612794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C37B8E8BEB2F5753FF6EDFF4FCEAFCBD" box="[151,769,764,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDEDD00EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FCEAFCBD" blockId="9.[151,769,764,791]" box="[151,769,764,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0966A6CEB2F5753FF6EDFF4FCEAFCBD" bold="true" box="[151,769,764,791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FCEAFCBD" bold="true" box="[151,769,764,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FF4CDFF4FDFBFCBD" ID-CoL="4GS3P" authorityName="Toda &amp; Bänziger &amp; Sati &amp; Fartyal &amp; Suwito &amp; Katoh" authorityYear="2020" box="[181,528,764,791]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afoliolata" subGenus="Ashima">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF4CDFF4FEF6FCBD" bold="true" box="[181,285,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phortica</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FED7DFF4FE60FCBD" bold="true" box="[302,395,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ashima</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FE65DFF4FDFBFCBD" bold="true" box="[412,528,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">afoliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, new
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B8E8BEB2F5753FF6EDE4CFE1DF949" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDEDD00EB2F5753FF6EDE4CFE57FC0D" blockId="9.[151,1437,836,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF6EDE4CFEF9FCF5" bold="true" box="[151,274,836,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Aedeagal, median rod distally diffentiated into two strongly sclerotized, asymmetric pieces (ch.58-4;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FF6EDE60FF06FC29" box="[151,237,872,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); arista with 4 or more ventral branches (ch.6-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FCE5DE60FC9DFC29" box="[796,886,872,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); hypandrial phragma broader than lateral gonocoxites (ch.41-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FEA3DE84FE44FC0D" box="[346,431,908,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDEDD00EB2F5753FF3EDEB8FD04F9DD" blockId="9.[151,1437,836,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF3EDEB8FE47FC61" bold="true" box="[199,428,944,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shared characters.</emphasis>
Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0). Arista apically without leaf-like expansion (ch.7-0); longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel (
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FACCDEDCFA7BFC45" box="[1333,1424,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Cibarial, medial sensilla all trichoid, apically pointed (ch.11-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FC8ADEF0FC25FBB9" box="[883,974,1016,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0). Pseudotracheae in labellum 6 per side (ch.14-2;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FCD2D914FC6EFB9D" box="[811,901,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1). Mid and hind femora with gray patch submedially or largely dark brown (ch.16-1;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FE20D96CFDDAFBD5" box="[473,561,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
); all tibia with dark gray ring(s) or largely dark brown (ch.17,18,19-1;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FAC1D96CFA7BFBD5" box="[1336,1424,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Apical, downward curved setula on fore tarsomere V neither thicker than surrounding setulae nor longer than tarsomere V (ch.20-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FEA6D9A4FE5DFB6D" box="[351,438,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Caudal bands on tergites III and IV medially interrupted/constricted (ch.21-2;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FAC3D9A4FA64FB6D" box="[1338,1423,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternites III–V longer than wide; III not wider than IV; setulae on medial surface of III–V not so dense (ch.22–24,26–28-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FE85D9FCFE3DFAA5" box="[380,470,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). Epandrium widely round on ventral margin (ch.31-1;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FBB3D9FCFB4FFAA5" box="[1098,1188,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not denser than those on other portions (ch.32-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FBF5D810FB8FFA99" box="[1036,1124,1304,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), longer than others (ch.33- 1;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FF4FD834FEFAFAFD" box="[182,273,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Surstylus without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FC10D834FBABFAFD" box="[1001,1088,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
), with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FF6ED868FF1BFAD1" box="[151,240,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FD72D868FD09FAD1" box="[651,738,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Pregonite (
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FC8CD868FC01FAD1" box="[885,1002,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G,H</figureCitation>
) partly strongly sclerotized (ch.43-0), rod-like, with apical knob (ch.44-1), apically narrowing basal extension nearly rectangular to main body (ch.49-1) and sensilla on submedial and basal portions (ch.52,53-1) but no serration on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0); apical knob without fine serrations (ch.45-0), ventrosubapically protruded, forming apically pointed barbule (ch.46,47-0). Aedeagal, outer membrane bearing neither spiny ornamentation nor apical, long, narrow tube (ch.55-1, ch.57-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FF6EDB1CFF3DF985" box="[151,214,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F–H). Posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme not longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FAE2DB1CFA7BF985" box="[1307,1424,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G,H</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal sheath and/or postgonites asymmetric (ch.63-1;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FCDADB30FC9CF9F9" box="[803,887,1592,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal sheath without lateral lobe(s) bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-0;
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FD97DB54FD08F9DD" box="[622,739,1628,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[180,1408,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G,H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDEDD00EB2F5753FF3EDB89FE1DF949" blockId="9.[151,1437,836,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF3EDB89FE7FF931" bold="true" box="[199,404,1664,1691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FE64DB88FD0DF930" box="[413,742,1664,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afoliolata" subGenus="Ashima">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FE64DB88FE14F930" box="[413,511,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phortica</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FDEBDB88FD8DF930" box="[530,614,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ashima</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FD80DB88FD0DF930" box="[633,742,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">afoliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FD0EDB89FCE3F930" box="[759,776,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FCE0DB89FC24F930" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen in Chen &amp; Maca" authorityYear="2012" box="[793,975,1664,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eseta" subGenus="Ashima">
(
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FCDBDB89FCD8F931" box="[802,819,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FCB4DB89FC6CF930" box="[845,903,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eseta</emphasis>
Chen
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FC24DB89FC05F930" box="[989,1006,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FBF1DB89FBF2F931" box="[1032,1049,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FBCBDB89FB4BF930" box="[1074,1184,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">qingsongi</emphasis>
An &amp; Chen*;
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FAA9DB89FA8AF930" box="[1360,1377,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FA88DB89FE13F914" authority="Cheng &amp; Chen" authorityName="Cheng &amp; Chen" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xishuangbanna" subGenus="Ashima">
(
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FA82DB89FA67F931" box="[1403,1420,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF6EDBACFEA9F914" box="[151,322,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">xishuangbanna</emphasis>
Cheng &amp; Chen
</taxonomicName>
; and
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FDCDDBADFDAEF914" box="[564,581,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FDADDBADFCF7F915" authority="Toda &amp; Bänziger &amp; Sati &amp; Fartyal &amp; Suwito &amp; Katoh, 2020" authorityName="Toda &amp; Bänziger &amp; Sati &amp; Fartyal &amp; Suwito &amp; Katoh" authorityYear="2020" box="[596,796,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="efragmentata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Ashima">
(
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FDA4DBADFD85F915" box="[605,622,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FD7EDBADFCF7F915" box="[647,796,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">efragmentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FCDDDBADFC95F915" bold="true" box="[804,894,1701,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226BC69EB2F5753FCDDDBADFC95F915" box="[804,894,1701,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
* The assignment was judged from the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0A0F1EB2F5753FEC5DBC1FE19F949" author="An" box="[316,498,1736,1763]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="An" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="42 - 51" refId="ref33195" refString="An, K. Y., Cao, H. L., Wang, X. L. &amp; Chen, H. W. (2015) The subgenus Ashima (Diptera, Drosophildae, Phortica) from China, with DNA barcoding and descriptions of three new species. Systematics and Biodiversity, 13, 42 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.968235" type="journal article" year="2015">
An
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FE9CDBC1FE7DF948" box="[357,406,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B8E8BEB2F5753FF3EDBE5FEC3F811" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDEDD00EB2F5753FF3EDBE5FEC3F811" blockId="9.[151,1437,836,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FF3EDBE5FED0F8AD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1773,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species group first branched off in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C61A683EB2F5753FC63DBE4FC05F8AC" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2011" box="[922,1006,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Phortica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ashima">
<emphasis id="B9150112EB2F5753FC63DBE4FC05F8AC" box="[922,1006,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ashima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135AC185EB2F5753FC04DBE4FBD4F8AD" box="[1021,1087,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,779,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,777,1658]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), retaining a number of plesiomorphic characters such as the plumose (with 5 and 4 or more dorsal and ventral branches, respectively; ch.5,6-0) arista but lacking the apical, leaf-like expansion (ch.7-0), cibarial, medial sensilla all trichoid, apically pointed (ch.11-0), the fore tarsomere V apically without specially developed, downward curved setula (ch.20-0), and the abdominal sternites III–V small, not so conspicuously differentiated in shape and setation from each other (ch.22– 24,26–28-0).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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