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<mods:title id="FB6D48EC4B829E317544129EB73A0DDF">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFF62FF3AFD872BBE" ID-CoL="3S872" authority="Alder, 1857" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,535,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FF3AFD872BBE" bold="true" box="[151,535,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FF3AFE112BBE" bold="true" box="[151,385,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea flexuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFE7CFF3AFD872BBE" author="Alder, J." box="[393,535,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="93 - 162" refId="ref54497" refString="Alder, J. (1857) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93 - 162." type="journal article" year="1857">Alder, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="135A89EDD032FFBCFF62FF17FF762BDD" box="[151,230,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1090,1113]" captionTargetBox="[390,1201,407,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-516@48.[782,1215,396,1076]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 50. Laomedea flexuosa: part of colony with two hydrothecae and a female gonotheca, ROMIZ B3922. Scale equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247796/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFF62FF50FD9B2A1C" author="Alder, J." box="[151,523,253,275]" page="122" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFF62FF50FD9B2A1C" ID-CoL="3S872" authority="Alder, 1857: 122" authorityName="Alder" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,523,253,275]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FF50FECA2A1C" box="[151,346,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea flexuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFE94FF50FD9B2A1C" author="Alder, J." box="[353,523,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="93 - 162" refId="ref54497" refString="Alder, J. (1857) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93 - 162." type="journal article" year="1857">Alder, 1857: 122</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFDDFFF50FD712A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[554,737,253,275]" page="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFDDFFF50FD712A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[554,737,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref63683" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 a) Two types of nematocysts in Campanulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoologica Scripta, 8, 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Östman, 1979a: 6</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFD19FF50FCF02A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[748,864,253,275]" page="156" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD19FF50FCF02A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[748,864,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref63756" refString="Ostman, C. (1982 a) Isoenzymes and taxonomy in Scandinavian hydroids (Cnidaria, Campanulariidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1982">1982a: 156</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFC9FFF50FC4F2A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[874,991,253,275]" page="228" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFC9FFF50FC4F2A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[874,991,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="227 - 241" refId="ref63785" refString="Ostman, C. (1982 b) Nematocysts and taxonomy in Laomedea, Gonothyraea and Obelia (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11, 227 - 241." type="journal article" year="1982">1982b: 228</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFC1FFF50FBA82A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[1002,1080,253,275]" page="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFC1FFF50FBA82A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[1002,1080,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref63817" refString="Ostman, C. (1983) Taxonomy of Scandinavan hydroids (Cnidaria, Campanulariidae): a study based on nematocyst morphology and isoenzymes. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 672, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1983">1983: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFBB6FF50FB0C2A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[1091,1180,253,275]" page="19" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFBB6FF50FB0C2A1C" author="Ostman, C." box="[1091,1180,253,275]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref63925" refString="Ostman, C. (1999) Nematocysts and their value as taxonomic parameters within the Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa). A review based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoosystematica Rossica, Supplement 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1999">1999: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[the specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFA97FF50FEF82A3E" ID-CoL="3S872" authority="Alder, 1857" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFA97FF50FF7A2A3E" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">flexuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFF05FEB6FEF82A3E" author="Alder, J." box="[240,360,283,305]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="93 - 162" refId="ref54497" refString="Alder, J. (1857) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93 - 162." type="journal article" year="1857">Alder, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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conserved and placed on Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, Opinion 1345 (ICZN 1985)].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF62FE97FB882A5F" blockId="48.[151,1436,253,367]" box="[151,1048,314,336]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71B246D032FFBCFF62FE97FB882A5F" box="[151,1048,314,336]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFF62FE97FE152A5F" ID-CoL="QC99" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,389,314,336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FE97FE152A5F" box="[151,389,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Campanularia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFE56FE97FDE62A5F" author="Segerstedt, M." box="[419,630,314,336]" page="14" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFE56FE97FDE62A5F" author="Segerstedt, M." box="[419,630,314,336]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref66181" refString="Segerstedt, M. (1889) Bidrag till kannedomen om hydroid-faunan vid Sveriges vestkust. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14, Afdelning 4, 4, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1889">Segerstedt, 1889: 14</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 25.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFD42FE97FC1B2A5F" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[695,907,314,336]" page="68" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD42FE97FC1B2A5F" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[695,907,314,336]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref60129" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1909) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum (Riksmuseum). IV. Hydroiden. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, ny foljd, 45 (1), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1909">Jäderholm, 1909: 68</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 15.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF62FEF4FD712A60" blockId="48.[151,1436,253,367]" box="[151,737,345,367]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71B246D032FFBCFF62FEF4FD712A60" box="[151,737,345,367]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFF62FEF4FD952A60" ID-CoL="QC99" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,517,345,367]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa" subGenus="Laomedea">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FEF4FEBB2A60" box="[151,299,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Campanularia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFECCFEF4FE322A60" box="[313,418,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFE44FEF4FD952A60" box="[433,517,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D032FFBCFDD1FEF4FD4D2A60" author="Gislen, T." box="[548,733,345,367]" page="316" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFDD1FEF4FD4D2A60" author="Gislen, T." box="[548,733,345,367]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref58834" refString="Gislen, T. (1930) Epibioses of the Gullmar Fjord II. Kristinebergs Zoologiska Station 1877 - 1927, Skriftserie Utgiven av K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 4, 1 - 380." type="journal article" year="1930">Gislén, 1930: 316</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1EC5E0D032FFBCFF62FBEFFF7B2F78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247796/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1090,1113]" targetBox="[390,1201,407,1068]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF62FBEFFF7B2F78" blockId="48.[151,1436,1090,1174]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FBEFFEB02F56" bold="true" box="[151,288,1090,1113]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFED2FBEFFE7C2F57" ID-CoL="3S872" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" box="[295,492,1090,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFED2FBEFFE7C2F57" box="[295,492,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of colony with two hydrothecae and a female gonotheca, ROMIZ B3922. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF62FBD2FB762F9A" blockId="48.[151,1436,1090,1174]" box="[151,1254,1151,1174]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FBD2FE8F2F99" bold="true" box="[151,287,1151,1174]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFED0FB2DFE4C2F99" ID-CoL="488XW" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[293,476,1152,1174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFED0FB2DFE4C2F99" box="[293,476,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Obelia dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of colony with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3898. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D032FFBCFF62FB10FAE42E12" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF62FB10FEA52FD9" bold="true" box="[151,309,1213,1238]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="54DA2BCAD032FFBCFF62FB10FF422FDA" box="[151,210,1213,1237]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
British Isles (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFE24FB10FCA52FDA" author="Cornelius, P. F. S. &amp; Garfath, J. B." box="[465,821,1213,1237]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="273 - 291" refId="ref57603" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. &amp; Garfath, J. B. (1980) The coelenterate taxa of Joshua Alder. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 39, 273 - 291." type="journal article" year="1980">Cornelius &amp; Garfath 1980: 284</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF32FB4CFAE42E12" blockId="48.[151,1436,1213,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF32FB4CFE362FF6" bold="true" box="[199,422,1248,1273]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">Museum material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D032FFBCFE44FB4CFAE02E12" collectingDate="2010-09-11" collectionCode="ROMIZ" elevation="1" latitude="58.877777" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="11.114722" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="B3922" specimenCount="1">
Saltö naturreservat, outer ledge,
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,
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, &lt;
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<elevation id="004C725BD032FFBCFB84FB4CFB0F2FF6" box="[1137,1183,1249,1273]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDFB3A8D032FFBCFB5BFB4CFAB72FF6" box="[1198,1319,1249,1273]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2010-09-11">
<collectingDate id="EF9B4A40D032FFBCFB5BFB4CFAB72FF6" box="[1198,1319,1249,1273]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2010-09-11">11.ix.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected manually,
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on
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFEDBFAA8FDBB2E12" box="[302,555,1285,1309]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFEDBFAA8FDBB2E12" box="[302,555,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, two colonies, up to 1.5 cm high, with female gonothecae,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD032FFBCFB34FAA8FA8B2E12" box="[1217,1307,1285,1309]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC73D13D032FFBCFAD7FAA8FAE02E12" box="[1314,1392,1285,1309]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">B3922</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D032FFBCFF32FA84FB042CE2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF32FA84FBA82D8A" blockId="48.[151,1436,1213,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF32FA84FEAB2E4E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1321,1345]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
Together with
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFE18FA87FC192E4E" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[493,905,1321,1345]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFE18FA87FD2E2E4E" box="[493,702,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD3AFA84FC112E4E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[719,897,1321,1345]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref61786" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFC33FA84FAC82E4E" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[966,1368,1321,1345]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Clava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multicornis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFC33FA84FB022E4E" box="[966,1170,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Clava multicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFB51FA84FAC02E4E" author="Forsskal, P." box="[1188,1360,1321,1345]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref58553" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Hauniae, 140 pp." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFA92FA87FE5E2E6A" authority="Alder, 1857" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFA92FA87FED32E6A" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea flexuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFEBFFAE0FE5E2E6A" author="Alder, J." box="[330,462,1357,1381]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="93 - 162" refId="ref54497" refString="Alder, J. (1857) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93 - 162." type="journal article" year="1857">Alder, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is common on boreal shores of both western Europe and eastern North America. While frequent intertidally on fucoids and other substrates, the species has occasionally been recorded as deep as
<quantity id="4C99388DD032FFBCFAA1FADCFA0C2E86" box="[1364,1436,1393,1417]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFF6BFA38FECF2EA2" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[158,351,1429,1453]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref57522" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 386 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
). Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFE01FA3BFDFF2EA2" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" box="[500,623,1429,1453]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFE01FA3BFDFF2EA2" box="[500,623,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFD06FA38FCDC2EA2" box="[755,844,1429,1453]" name="Sweden" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sweden</collectingCountry>
have predominantly been from very shallow waters, and it was not recorded at all in the extensive collections of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFCBBFA14FBB42EDE" author="Jagerskiold, L. A." box="[846,1060,1465,1489]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref60199" refString="Jagerskiold, L. A. (1971) A survey of the marine benthonic macro-fauna along the Swedish west coast 1921 - 1938. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 6, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1971">Jägerskiöld (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, most of which were obtained in deeper waters by dredging. In the nearby Oslofjord, southern
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFCA2FA73FC222EF9" box="[855,946,1502,1526]" name="Norway" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norway</collectingCountry>
, it is common from the intertidal zone to a depth of about
<quantity id="4C99388DD032FFBCFEB0F9ACFEE12D16" box="[325,369,1537,1561]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
on algae and stones (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD9FF9ACFCAD2D16" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[618,829,1537,1561]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="279 - 310" refId="ref56672" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972) The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fiord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen 1972</bibRefCitation>
). In Danish waters it is abundant where suitable substrates exist, and penetrates deep into the Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFCF3F988FC3A2D32" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[774,938,1573,1597]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref60712" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1935 b) Polypdyr (Coelenterata) I. Ferskvandspolypper og goplepolypper. Danmarks Fauna, 41, 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="1935">Kramp 1935b</bibRefCitation>
). The restricted vertical distribution of this hydroid in the White Sea was attributed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD70F9E4FC662D6E" author="Marfenin, N. N. &amp; Belorustseva, S. A." box="[645,1014,1609,1633]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1559 - 1566" refId="ref62361" refString="Marfenin, N. N. &amp; Belorustseva, S. A. (2008) How the distribution of colonies of the hydroid Laomedea flexuosa is limited to a narrow belt along the lower littoral zone. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1559 - 1566." type="journal article" year="2008">Marfenin &amp; Belorustseva (2008)</bibRefCitation>
to intensive release of planula larvae during low tide, and to their subsequent rapid settlement as the water began to rise.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF32F93FFB302DFE" blockId="48.[151,1436,1213,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Notes on the biology of this species are given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFD18F93CFC352DA6" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[749,933,1681,1705]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 148" refId="ref57307" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42, 37 - 148." type="journal article" year="1982">Cornelius (1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFC45F93CFC692DA6" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[944,1017,1681,1705]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref57522" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 386 pp." type="book" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
), and its cnidome has been characterized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFF04F918FE312DC2" author="Ostman, C." box="[241,417,1717,1741]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref63683" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 a) Two types of nematocysts in Campanulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoologica Scripta, 8, 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Östman (1979a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFE58F918FE662DC2" author="Ostman, C." box="[429,502,1717,1741]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="227 - 241" refId="ref63785" refString="Ostman, C. (1982 b) Nematocysts and taxonomy in Laomedea, Gonothyraea and Obelia (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11, 227 - 241." type="journal article" year="1982">1982b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFDF7F918FDAC2DC2" author="Ostman, C." box="[514,572,1717,1741]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref63817" refString="Ostman, C. (1983) Taxonomy of Scandinavan hydroids (Cnidaria, Campanulariidae): a study based on nematocyst morphology and isoenzymes. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 672, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFDBCF918FD152DC2" author="Ostman, C." box="[585,645,1717,1741]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref63925" refString="Ostman, C. (1999) Nematocysts and their value as taxonomic parameters within the Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa). A review based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoosystematica Rossica, Supplement 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFD6CF918FCE22DC2" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1857" box="[665,882,1717,1741]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFD6CF918FCE22DC2" box="[665,882,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="54DA2BCAD032FFBCFC4AF91BFC7F2DC1" box="[959,1007,1718,1742]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFB16F918FEBF2DFE" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFB16F918FAC82DC2" box="[1251,1368,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laomedea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFAAAF91BFEBF2DFE" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref61018" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1812">Lamouroux, 1812</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, so designated under the plenary powers by the ICZN (1985) in Opinion 1345.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF32F950FB042C1A" blockId="48.[151,1436,1213,2029]" box="[199,1172,1789,1814]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFF32F950FE422C19" bold="true" box="[199,466,1789,1814]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
West coast of
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFD83F950FD5F2C1A" box="[630,719,1789,1813]" name="Sweden" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.—Koster to Öresund (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFC3BF950FB172C1A" author="Segerstedt, M." box="[974,1159,1789,1813]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref66181" refString="Segerstedt, M. (1889) Bidrag till kannedomen om hydroid-faunan vid Sveriges vestkust. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14, Afdelning 4, 4, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1889">Segerstedt 1889</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D032FFBCFF32F88CFB042CE2" blockId="48.[151,1436,1213,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Elsewhere.—In the North Atlantic from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFD79F88CFD7F2C36" box="[652,751,1825,1849]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
and the north coast of the
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFBE2F88CFB7F2C36" box="[1047,1263,1825,1849]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russian Federation</collectingCountry>
to the Mediterranean Sea, and southwards to west Africa in the east (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFCE1F8E8FC0B2C52" author="Linko, A. K." box="[788,923,1861,1885]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref61711" refString="Linko, A. K. (1911) Gidroidy (Hydroidea). Tom I. Haleciidae, Lafoeidae, Bonneviellidae i Campanulariidae. Fauna Rossii i Supredelnykh Stran, 1, 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="1911">Linko 1911</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFC3FF8E8FB442C52" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[970,1236,1861,1885]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFC3FF8E8FB442C52" box="[970,1236,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Campanularia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFB13F8E8FA072C52" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1254,1431,1861,1885]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 148" refId="ref57307" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42, 37 - 148." type="journal article" year="1982">Cornelius 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFF62F8C4FE182C8E" author="Voronkov, A. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. &amp; Hop, H." box="[151,392,1897,1921]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1337 - 1352" refId="ref67555" refString="Voronkov, A., Stepanjants, S. D. &amp; Hop, H. (2010) Hydrozoan diversity on hard bottom in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, 1337 - 1352." type="journal article" year="2010">
Voronkov
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFEF9F8C7FEAC2C8E" box="[268,316,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), and from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Long Island Sound in the west (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFB5CF8C4FAA42C8E" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1193,1332,1897,1921]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref58726" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFAABF8C4FEFB2CAA" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFAABF8C4FEFB2CAA" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Campanularia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It has been reported as an invasive species in the Sea of
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFBE3F823FBC62CAA" box="[1046,1110,1934,1957]" name="Japan" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFB6FF820FAE22CAA" author="Kashin, I. A. &amp; Bagaveeva, E. V. &amp; Chaplygina, S. F." box="[1178,1394,1933,1957]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="267 - 283" refId="ref60423" refString="Kashin, I. A., Bagaveeva, E. V. &amp; Chaplygina, S. F. (2003) Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29, 267 - 283." type="journal article" year="2003">
Kashin
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFB07F823FAB62CAA" box="[1266,1318,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
). A record of this boreal hydroid from the
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D032FFBCFDAFF81FFD2F2CC5" box="[602,703,1970,1994]" name="Haiti" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
, Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFCDAF81CFB9A2CC6" author="Wallace, W. S." box="[815,1034,1969,1993]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref67655" refString="Wallace, W. S. (1909) A collection of hydroids made at the Tortugas, during May, June, and July, 1908. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Year Book, 7, 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1909">Wallace 1909: 137</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD032FFBCFBCFF81CFAD52CC6" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1082,1349,1969,1993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD032FFBCFBCFF81CFAD52CC6" box="[1082,1349,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Campanularia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), questioned by both
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFECAF87BFE472CE2" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[319,471,2005,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref58726" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D032FFBCFDF8F87BFD532CE2" author="Vervoort, W." box="[525,707,2005,2029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref67370" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, is certainly based on a misidentification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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