258 lines
31 KiB
XML
258 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="CD05F36CA49E2C165817AB7FF615BCD1" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930110039585" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5340820" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630001943706" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Curini-Galletti, M., Oggiano, G. & Casu, M." docDate="2002" docId="03F587FCA87CFFA140F1A5855E384275" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.9.1023-1046.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (9)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930110039585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Nematoplana ezoplanoides Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu 2002, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1041" masterDocId="FFCCFF84A86DFFB24152A72C5F14402E" masterDocTitle="The genus Nematoplana Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes: Unguiphora) in eastern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1046" masterPageNumber="1023" pageNumber="1039" updateTime="1699135728516" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FEE9BBE8624E699D78474AB7DD342B37">The genus Nematoplana Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes: Unguiphora) in eastern Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D9B8FACA2BF2078D990BC52B5D311A1">Curini-Galletti, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF1B29781F5740AAC2281022F9B2C8BE">Oggiano, G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8A48E9F41FE363932E5A46D071EAD3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A246394B510D706D627AF7100FD39A84">Casu, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B441A1326CCCCFC86FA237EA45593178">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FA2C666D67A801C68C48DCCD59FCC39E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D46540410A2CCC2DF17094234AE61771">
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<mods:date id="A2BD78416B3F205B9B55FF7B959D883D">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="37D9066C019916509F11CCF55034C25C">2010-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5C10D83D794B14122AFFCE3BCB316584">36</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9347F0CDBA6EB24D470F86FCB47F15E1" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930110039585</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D948A49C70BDAD5B672CB69306389E11" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F587FCA87CFFA140F1A5855E384275" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FCA87CFFA140F1A5855E384275" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587FCA87CFFA140F1A5855E384275" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1041" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<subSubSection id="C3466561A87CFFA340F1A5855DEE42CF" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA340F1A5855C3A42EF" blockId="17.[419,814,681,738]" box="[419,814,681,705]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<heading id="D0AB8186A87CFFA340F1A5855C3A42EF" box="[419,814,681,705]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87CFFA340F1A5855DDF42EF" ID-CoL="46723" authority="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu, 2002" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[419,715,681,705]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ezoplanoides" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA340F1A5855DDF42EF" bold="true" box="[419,715,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Nematoplana ezoplanoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B5783A87CFFA34386A5865C3A42EF" box="[724,814,682,705]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA3408BA5E55DEE42CF" blockId="17.[419,814,681,738]" box="[473,762,713,738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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(gures
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<geoCoordinate id="EE68502DA87CFFA34367A5E65D6542CF" box="[565,625,713,737]" degrees="7, 8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" precision="5555" value="7.8">7, 8E</geoCoordinate>
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, L;
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<tableCitation id="C6DE0351A87CFFA343F1A5E55DFA42CF" box="[675,750,713,737]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[295,351,1036,1058]" captionText="Table 2. Eastern Australia unguiphorids: karyometrical data." pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466561A87CFFA141DEA4315E384275" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1041" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341DEA4315E4B431B" blockId="17.[140,1095,797,980]" box="[140,351,797,821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA341DEA4315E4B431B" box="[140,351,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341E1A4125C8243BA" blockId="17.[140,1095,797,980]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<materialsCitation id="3B343CB7A87CFFA341E1A4125C65435B" collectingDate="1996-07" country="Australia" location="Shoal Point" municipality="Mackay" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87CFFA341E1A4125E32437B" box="[179,294,829,853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F34B767AA87CFFA3406DA4115EB2437B" box="[319,422,829,853]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4998F808A87CFFA340EFA4115D54437B" box="[445,576,829,853]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B87AC90A87CFFA3430AA4115DA7437B" box="[600,691,829,853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Mackay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8E836031A87CFFA34399A4115C43437B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587FCA87CFFA140F1A5855E384275:8E836031A87CFFA34399A4115C43437B" box="[715,855,829,853]" country="Australia" municipality="Mackay" name="Shoal Point" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" stateProvince="Queensland">Shoal Point</location>
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, lower intertidal in coarse sand (
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<date id="FFE2102AA87CFFA34077A4715E81435B" box="[293,405,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" value="1996-07">
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<collectingDate id="EFA6E9C2A87CFFA34077A4715E81435B" box="[293,405,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" value="1996-07">July 1996</collectingDate>
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</date>
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), whole mount: (lactophenol): G211829
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B343CB7A87CFFA342D6A4725C8643BA" collectingDate="1996-07" country="Australia" location="Shoal Point" municipality="Mackay" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87CFFA342D6A4725CEF435B" box="[900,1019,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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: same data as holotype,
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<specimenCount id="9D5AFD63A87CFFA34008A4505D1A43BA" box="[346,526,892,916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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sagittally sectioned (G211830 –2)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341E1A4B05E0243FA" blockId="17.[140,1095,797,980]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA341E1A4B05E76439A" box="[179,354,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Other material.</emphasis>
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Four specimens from the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87CFFA343FCA4B15DCB439B" box="[686,735,925,949]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">type</typeStatus>
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locality studied karyologically (
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<date id="FFE2102AA87CFFA341C1A4905E1643FA" box="[147,258,956,980]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" value="1996-07">July 1996</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341DEA4D35B524419" blockId="17.[140,1094,1023,1080]" box="[140,1094,1023,1080]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA341DEA4D35E174439" box="[140,259,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Etymology</emphasis>
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The species is named after the super cially similar genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87CFFA34216A3335B2A4419" authority="Tajika, 1982" authorityName="Tajika" authorityYear="1982" box="[836,1086,1055,1079]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Ezoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA34216A3335CBE4419" box="[836,938,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Ezoplana</emphasis>
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Tajika, 1982
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341DEA34E5E1E4457" blockId="17.[140,1095,1122,1687]" box="[140,266,1122,1145]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA341DEA34E5E1E4457" box="[140,266,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341E1A3AD5DA74536" blockId="17.[140,1095,1122,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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A medium-sized
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87CFFA3402FA3AD5D0444B7" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[381,528,1153,1177]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA3402FA3AD5D0444B7" box="[381,528,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Nematoplana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87CFFA34306A3AD5DA344B7" box="[596,695,1153,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is an adult worm, about 4.3 mm long in xed condition, without pigment or pigmented eye-spots. Anterior end elongate, provided laterally and terminally with sensory bristles. Epithelium with non-depressed (intra-epithelial) nuclei, and entirely ciliated. Cilia about 4 Mm long. Brain ovoidal, surrounded by a thin membrane.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA341E1A20D5E624596" blockId="17.[140,1095,1122,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Mature specimens had two collar-shaped pharynges, lying close together. The posterior pharynx was larger, weaker and degenerating in most specimens. The anterior pharynx was smaller, and in most specimens clearly still in stages of formation. Juveniles had only one pharynx. Pharynges are located in the posterior seventh of the body.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87CFFA041E1A2EC5E7E42B5" blockId="17.[140,1095,1122,1687]" lastBlockId="18.[140,1095,133,891]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1040" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87CFFA341E1A2EC5E8945F6" box="[179,413,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039">Male genital organs.</emphasis>
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Few testes irregularly arranged among vitellaria in front of the pharynx. The copulatory organ consists of two partly fused seminal vesicles, and a bulb provided distally with a stylet. The two seminal vesicles enter the bulb at its proximal base. Anteriorly, they are lined with a thin epithelium, surrounded by a thick layer of circular muscles. The muscular coating ends abruptly after about 60 Mm in the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87CFFA34078A14C5E984656" box="[298,396,1632,1656]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1039" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Posteriorly, the vesicles become much narrower, and they fuse caudally into one common vesicle, lined with a thin epithelium. Spermiducts enter the seminal vesicles anteriorly. The nuclei of spermatozoa are elongate, and spirally coiled. The bulb is ovoid (about 45 Mm high in the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87FFFA04274A7895C9D4093" box="[806,905,165,189]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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). It is lined with a thick coating of circular musculature, and provided with numerous prostatic glands. The stylet is a funnel-shaped, intracellular, sclerotized structure, with a broad, oblique, ventral proximal opening and a narrow distal opening. The stylet is 37 Mm high in the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87FFFA0403CA6095EC54113" box="[366,465,293,317]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(measuring 40 and 41 Mm in the two semi-squashed karyological mounts). The base is about 21 Mm high in the
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<typeStatus id="54E78848A87FFFA0424BA6695C6F4173" box="[793,891,325,349]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, with a maximum width of about 11 Mm. A at apophysis (about 15 Mm long) is present. It is almost of constant width along all of its length. A thick bundle of longitudinal muscles is connected proximally to the circular muscle sheath surrounding the bulb, and distally to the apophysis. The distal part of the stylet above the apophysis narrows abruptly into a nearly straight tube, about 12 Mm long. It is provided distally with a straight distal tip, orthogonal to the main axis of the stylet, and ending in a spike about 8 Mm long. The dorsal side of the stylet is thickened, particularly above the apophysis. The distal part of the stylet protrudes into a narrow male antrum, apparently unciliated. The antrum opens to the outside through a male pore, which is located close to the mouth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87FFFA041E1A58F5CF54334" blockId="18.[140,1095,133,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA041E1A58F5EA04295" box="[179,436,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Female genital organs.</emphasis>
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With two, large, isolated oocytes medially in front of the pharynx. Vitellaria stretch from behind the brain to in front of the ovaries. The oviducts fuse at the level of the copulatory bulb into a common female duct, which opens to the outside through a female pore, surrounded by female glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87FFFA041E1A4085EB24355" blockId="18.[140,1095,133,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA041E1A4085E3A4315" box="[179,302,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Karyotype.</emphasis>
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With
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA040D8A4085E834315" box="[394,407,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">n</emphasis>
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53. Chromosomes diOEer only slightly in size. Chroms 1 and 2 are metacentric; Chrom. 3 is submetacentric, at the lower border of the class (gures 7C, 8L,
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<tableCitation id="C6DE0351A87FFFA04015A44F5E874355" box="[327,403,867,891]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[295,351,1036,1058]" captionText="Table 2. Eastern Australia unguiphorids: karyometrical data." pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87FFFA041DEA48F5E144394" blockId="18.[140,1095,931,1687]" box="[140,256,931,954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA041DEA48F5E144394" box="[140,256,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Discussion</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87FFFA141E1A4EE5D8B4112" blockId="18.[140,1095,931,1687]" lastBlockId="19.[140,1095,133,603]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1041" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">
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Among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA0406EA4EE5ED143F4" box="[316,453,962,986]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Unguiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1037" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Unguiphora</taxonomicName>
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, the presence of two pharynges over at least part of the life cycle is among the de ning features of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA04273A4CE5B5643D4" authority="(Tajika, 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Tajika" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[801,1090,994,1018]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Ezoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA04273A4CE5C9343D4" box="[801,903,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Ezoplana</emphasis>
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(Tajika, 1982)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the position of the new pharynx diOEers: in front of the ovaries and much more anterior than the old one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA04376A30E5D9E4414" baseAuthorityName="Tajika" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[548,650,1058,1082]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Ezoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA04376A30E5D9E4414" box="[548,650,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Ezoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; posterior to the ovaries and close to the old one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA04067A36F5EF14474" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[309,485,1090,1114]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ezoplanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA04067A36F5EF14474" box="[309,485,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">N. ezoplanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the new species has none of the other diagnostic features of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA0434AA34D5D6A4457" baseAuthorityName="Tajika" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[536,638,1121,1145]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Ezoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA0434AA34D5D6A4457" box="[536,638,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Ezoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. presence of one pair of seminal receptacles in front of the (posterior) pharynx; stylet characteristically base-less, consisting only of an apophysis and a tubular, elongate, angled distal part) (Tajika, 1982, 1988). On the contrary, it presents the diagnostic feature of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA041DEA3CD5E0B44D7" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[140,287,1249,1273]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA041DEA3CD5E0B44D7" box="[140,287,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Nematoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. the partial, posterior fusion of the seminal vesicles, and is hence considered as such. There are reports of pharynx degeneration during or after sexual maturity in other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA04313A20D5DC04517" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[577,724,1313,1337]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA04313A20D5DC04517" box="[577,724,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Nematoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA0427DA20D5FD54577" authority="Marcus, 1950" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1950" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Tabaota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="curiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA0427DA20D5CF54517" box="[815,993,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">Tabaota curiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA042BBA20D5FD54577" author="MARCUS, E." pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="5 - 192" refId="ref11094" refString="MARCUS, E., 1950, Turbellaria Brasileiros (8), Boletins da Faculdade de Filoso a, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de S. Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 5 - 192." type="journal article" year="1950">Marcus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA0418BA26D5E6C4577" author="MARCUS, E." box="[217,376,1345,1369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="5 - 192" refId="ref11094" refString="MARCUS, E., 1950, Turbellaria Brasileiros (8), Boletins da Faculdade de Filoso a, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de S. Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 5 - 192." type="journal article" year="1950">Marcus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA040DCA26D5D374577" author="SOPOTT, B." box="[398,547,1345,1369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref11370" refString="SOPOTT, B., 1973, Jahreszeitliche Verteilung und Lebenszyklen der Proseriata (Turbellaria) eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt, Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 15, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Sopott, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA0436BA26D5C1F4577" author="AX, P. & AX, R." box="[569,779,1345,1369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref10280" refString="AX, P. and AX, R., 1974, Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos VII. Nematoplanidae, Polystyliphoridae, Coelogynoporidae (Turbellaria Proseriata), Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 29, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1974">Ax and Ax, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA04273A26D5B2A4577" author="EHLERS, B. & EHLERS, U." box="[801,1086,1345,1369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref10694" refString="EHLERS, B. and EHLERS, U., 1980, Zur Systematik und geographischen Verbreitung interstitieller Turbellarien der Kanarischen Inseln, Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 80, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Ehlers and Ehlers, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; personal observation), but simultaneous formation of a new pharynx has never been observed. A life cycle which includes degeneration and reconstitution of the pharynx, may however be more widespread in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA04321A28D5DEA4597" box="[627,766,1441,1465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Unguiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1037" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Unguiphora</taxonomicName>
|
||
than hitherto hypothesized, and possibly linked to the long life span (in some cases partly biennial) of (at least some of) its representatives (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA0408EA2CC5D7B45D6" author="SOPOTT, B." box="[476,623,1504,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref11370" refString="SOPOTT, B., 1973, Jahreszeitliche Verteilung und Lebenszyklen der Proseriata (Turbellaria) eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt, Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 15, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Sopott, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B1BA87FFFA043D3A2CC5DFC45D6" author="AX, P." box="[641,744,1504,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref10228" refString="AX, P., 1977, Life cycles of interstitial Turbellaria from the eulittoral of the North Sea, in T. G. Karling and M. Meinander (eds) The Alex. Luther Centennial Symposium on Turbellaria, Acta Zoologica Fennica, 154, 11 - 20." type="journal article" year="1977">Ax, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In any case, the presence of both pharynges (in various stages of development/degeneration) in adult stages of the new species, is unique in the genus, and allows immediate recognition. Furthermore, its chromosome number (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA04303A16D5D4A4676" box="[593,606,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">n</emphasis>
|
||
53) is peculiar to the new species, and the lowest known among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA040FDA14C5D2C4656" box="[431,568,1632,1656]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Unguiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1037" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Unguiphora</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The stylets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA043BAA14D5C814656" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[744,917,1632,1656]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ezoplanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA043BAA14D5C814656" box="[744,917,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">N. ezoplanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA0429DA14D5B504656" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[975,1092,1633,1656]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA0429DA14D5B504656" box="[975,1092,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">N. cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat similar in size and general shape. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87FFFA0421EA1AC5CD046B9" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[844,964,1664,1687]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87FFFA0421EA1AC5CD046B9" box="[844,964,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1040">N. cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the base is slimmer, and the peculiarly angled apophysis is inserted at 45ss with the main axis, while it is ap-like, and orthogonal to the main axis in the new species. Furthermore, the two species are immediately recognizable by the lack of pigmented eye-spots in the new species. The stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA140B6A7CA5D8740D3" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[484,659,229,253]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ezoplanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA140B6A7CA5D8740D3" box="[484,659,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">N. ezoplanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in size and shape to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA141DEA62A5E524133" authorityName="Ax and Ax" authorityYear="1974" box="[140,326,261,285]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigrocapitula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA141DEA62A5E524133" box="[140,326,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">N. nigrocapitula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which however is pigmented, and is provided with eye-spots, cnidosacs, cephalic gut and
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA1409FA6095D834113" box="[461,663,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">chorda intestinalis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336EAA87EFFA141E1A6695E384275" blockId="19.[140,1095,133,603]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA141E1A6695EC94173" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[179,477,325,349]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ezoplanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA141E1A6695EC94173" box="[179,477,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">Nematoplana ezoplanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA140BDA66A5D734172" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[495,615,325,349]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA140BDA66A5D734172" box="[495,615,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">N. cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA143F8A66A5C1D4173" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[682,777,325,349]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA143F8A66A5C1D4173" box="[682,777,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">N. rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share a unique feature for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA14053A6495E804153" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[257,404,357,381]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA14053A6495E804153" box="[257,404,357,381]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">Nematoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. the presence of only two oocytes, arranged medially in a single row. However, at least in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D69A87EFFA14341A6A95D6541B2" authorityName="Curini-Galletti & Oggiano & Casu" authorityYear="2002" box="[531,625,388,412]" family="Nematoplanidae" genus="Nematoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proseriata" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAF8A87EFFA14341A6A95D6541B2" box="[531,625,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1041">N. rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this seems to be a transitory stage, with the plesiomorphic condition occurring in part of the life cycle. The poor knowledge of life cycles of extra-boreal unguiphorids and the limitation of sampled specimens per species do not allow inferences on the signi cance of this feature. Therefore, on a cautionary basis, it has not been used for taxonomic purposes. It should also be mentioned that no obvious synapomorphy appears shared by any of the three species above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |