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<document id="5F0DE9114595908B31D328091F474FD2" ID-CLB-Dataset="26092" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4651.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fff8098d-23d2-45b4-840c-c5aa8539713a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3363080" ID-ZooBank="3EAFEE69-6C8A-454B-A01A-D7E4A23BAD9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565269410145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Girgan, Chantelle, Marais, Mariette, Fourie, Hendrika, Tiedt, Lourens &amp; Swart, Antoinette" docDate="2019" docId="03F587B5A8089D5A488854E7FB19FBCE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4651.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4651 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="FFCCFFCDA8079D4A481F5652FFFEFFBC" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species, Aphanolaimus strilliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) and Makatinus africanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aporcelaimidae), and SEM observations on three known species from freshwater sources in the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698748695791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="67342CDAB8AAD0A1D14F190DF6348E74">Description of two new species, Aphanolaimus strilliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) and Makatinus africanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aporcelaimidae), and SEM observations on three known species from freshwater sources in the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36CA2EEA6C8A1B873C765498BE94751C">Girgan, Chantelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4BD2CB5B66145100DE78CF0664CCCBC">Marais, Mariette</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4398CE6129837CC355D9D37F2FEF5F66">Fourie, Hendrika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D02FBB93166B57D8E0D85057872A453D">Tiedt, Lourens</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A439C3088FE9C01AFA0210E2EE8F9F73">Swart, Antoinette</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7DED33214D4DFBC7D24017949A5CFC4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F587B5A8089D5A488854E7FB19FBCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584676" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159043638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B5A8089D5A488854E7FB19FBCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587B5A8089D5A488854E7FB19FBCE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<subSubSection id="C3466528A8089D45488854E7FD19FD73" box="[151,743,693,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D45488854E7FD19FD73" blockId="15.[151,743,693,755]" box="[151,743,693,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<heading id="D0AB81CFA8089D45488854E7FD19FD73" bold="true" box="[151,743,693,720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D20A8089D45488854E7FD19FD73" authority="Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980" authorityName="Heyns &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,743,693,720]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptolaimidae" genus="Chronogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8089D45488854E7FD19FD73" bold="true" box="[151,743,693,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8089D45488854E7FE52FD73" bold="true" box="[151,428,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Chronogaster africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B52A8089D4549AC54E7FD19FD73" author="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A." box="[435,743,693,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref14895" refString="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A. (1980) Freshwater nematodes from South Africa 5. Chronogaster Cobb, 1913. Nematologica, 26 (2), 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529280 X 00080" type="journal article" year="1980">Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3466528A8089D5A4888548BFB19FBCE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D454888548BFEBEFD4F" blockId="15.[151,743,693,755]" box="[151,320,729,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<figureCitation id="13672A26A8089D454888548BFEFEFD4F" box="[151,256,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1925,1950]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,166,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1247,166,1906]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrograph of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 female, A) Anterior end showing cephalic setae (cs) and amphid opening (a); B) Ventral side of body showing cephalic region with cephalic setae (cs) and amphid (a); C) Close up of excretory pore (exp); D) Anterior region showing the position of the excretory pore (exp)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363098/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figures 9</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13672A26A8089D45493B548BFEBEFD4F" box="[292,320,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 female, A) Posterior end showing anus and arrow indicating caudal pore; B) Close up of caudal pore arrows indicating two possible openings; C, D, F) Tail tip showing projections, arrows indicate anastomosis; E) Posterior end indicating anus and caudal pores (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363101/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D4548885573FE62FC87" blockId="15.[151,412,801,827]" box="[151,412,801,827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
Measurements:
<tableCitation id="C6DE0318A8089D4549565573FE62FC87" box="[329,412,801,827]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,239,874,898]" captionTargetBox="[166,940,946,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics of a single female of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 found in freshwater substrates in the Telperion Nature Reserve." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662BA8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" tableUuid="DF23662BA8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A">Table 4</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF23662BA8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A" ID-Table-UUID="DF23662BA8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662BA8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" startId="15.[151,239,874,898]" targetBox="[166,940,946,1984]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D4548885538FD9CFC1A" blockId="15.[151,1437,874,935]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8089D4548885538FEF2FC3F" bold="true" box="[151,268,874,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of a single female of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D20A8089D454AB25539FB41FC3F" authority="Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980" authorityName="Heyns &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1980" box="[685,1215,875,899]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptolaimidae" genus="Chronogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8089D454AB25539FC5DFC3F" box="[685,931,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Chronogaster africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B52A8089D454BB35539FB41FC3F" author="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A." box="[940,1215,875,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref14895" refString="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A. (1980) Freshwater nematodes from South Africa 5. Chronogaster Cobb, 1913. Nematologica, 26 (2), 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529280 X 00080" type="journal article" year="1980">Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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found in freshwater substrates in the Telperion Nature Reserve.
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<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D4548B955E0FC62F87C" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<table id="F95CC403A80862B548B955E0FC52F87C" box="[166,940,946,1984]" gridcols="2" gridrows="32" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B955E0FC52FC77" box="[166,940,946,971]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<th id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B955E0FDEAFC77" box="[166,532,946,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Morphometric feature</th>
<th id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6955E0FC52FC77" box="[886,940,946,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">n = 1</th>
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<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95581FC52FC50" box="[166,940,979,1004]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95581FDEAFC50" box="[166,532,979,1004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">L</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695581FC52FC50" box="[886,940,979,1004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">1661</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B955A6FC52FBB1" box="[166,940,1012,1037]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B955A6FDEAFBB1" box="[166,532,1012,1037]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">L’</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6955A6FC52FBB1" box="[886,940,1012,1037]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">1465</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95246FC52FB91" box="[166,940,1044,1069]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95246FDEAFB91" box="[166,532,1044,1069]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">a</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695246FC52FB91" box="[886,940,1044,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">68.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95267FC52FBF2" box="[166,940,1077,1102]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95267FDEAFBF2" box="[166,532,1077,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">a’</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695267FC52FBF2" box="[886,940,1077,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">60.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95204FC52FBD3" box="[166,940,1110,1135]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95204FDEAFBD3" box="[166,532,1110,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">b</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695204FC52FBD3" box="[886,940,1110,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95225FC52FB33" box="[166,940,1143,1167]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95225FDEAFB33" box="[166,532,1143,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">c</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695225FC52FB33" box="[886,940,1143,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">8.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B952CAFC52FB0C" box="[166,940,1176,1200]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B952CAFDEAFB0C" box="[166,532,1176,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">c’</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6952CAFC52FB0C" box="[886,940,1176,1200]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">10.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B952EAFC52FB6D" box="[166,940,1208,1233]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B952EAFDEAFB6D" box="[166,532,1208,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">V%</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6952EAFC52FB6D" box="[886,940,1208,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B9528BFC52FB4D" box="[166,940,1241,1265]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B9528BFDEAFB4D" box="[166,532,1241,1265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">G1 %</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B69528BFC52FB4D" box="[886,940,1241,1265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B952ABFC52FAAE" box="[166,940,1273,1298]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B952ABFDEAFAAE" box="[166,532,1273,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Body width at anus</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6952ABFC52FAAE" box="[886,940,1273,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">19</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95348FC52FA8F" box="[166,940,1306,1331]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95348FDEAFA8F" box="[166,532,1306,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Body width at mid body</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695348FC52FA8F" box="[886,940,1306,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95369FC52FAE8" box="[166,940,1339,1364]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95369FDEAFAE8" box="[166,532,1339,1364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Body width at vulva</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695369FC52FAE8" box="[886,940,1339,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95309FC52FAC8" box="[166,940,1371,1396]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95309FDEAFAC8" box="[166,532,1371,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Annule width at neck region</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695309FC52FAC8" box="[886,940,1371,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B9532EFC52FA29" box="[166,940,1404,1429]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B9532EFDEAFA29" box="[166,532,1404,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Annule width at base of oesophagus</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B69532EFC52FA29" box="[886,940,1404,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B953CFFC52FA0A" box="[166,940,1437,1462]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B953CFFDEAFA0A" box="[166,532,1437,1462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Annule width at mid body</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6953CFFC52FA0A" box="[886,940,1437,1462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B953EFFC52FA6A" box="[166,940,1469,1494]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B953EFFDEAFA6A" box="[166,532,1469,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Annule width opposite anus</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6953EFFC52FA6A" box="[886,940,1469,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B9538CFC52FA4B" box="[166,940,1502,1527]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B9538CFDEAFA4B" box="[166,532,1502,1527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Annule width on tail</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B69538CFC52FA4B" box="[886,940,1502,1527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B953ADFC52F9A4" box="[166,940,1535,1560]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B953ADFDEAF9A4" box="[166,532,1535,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Lip region height</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6953ADFC52F9A4" box="[886,940,1535,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B9504DFC52F984" box="[166,940,1567,1592]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B9504DFDEAF984" box="[166,532,1567,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Lip region width</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B69504DFC52F984" box="[886,940,1567,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95012FC52F9E5" box="[166,940,1600,1625]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95012FDEAF9E5" box="[166,532,1600,1625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Cephalic setae length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695012FC52F9E5" box="[886,940,1600,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95033FC52F9C6" box="[166,940,1633,1658]" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95033FDEAF9C6" box="[166,532,1633,1658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Stoma length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695033FC52F9C6" box="[886,940,1633,1658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B950D3FC52F926" box="[166,940,1665,1690]" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B950D3FDEAF926" box="[166,532,1665,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Stoma width</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6950D3FC52F926" box="[886,940,1665,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B950F0FC52F907" box="[166,940,1698,1723]" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B950F0FDEAF907" box="[166,532,1698,1723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Radial tubules from base of stoma</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6950F0FC52F907" box="[886,940,1698,1723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95091FC52F960" box="[166,940,1731,1756]" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95091FDEAF960" box="[166,532,1731,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Excretory pore from anterior</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695091FC52F960" box="[886,940,1731,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">153</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B950B1FC52F940" box="[166,940,1763,1788]" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B950B1FDEAF940" box="[166,532,1763,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Basal bulb length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6950B1FC52F940" box="[886,940,1763,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95156FC52F8A1" box="[166,940,1796,1821]" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95156FDEAF8A1" box="[166,532,1796,1821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Basal bulb width</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695156FC52F8A1" box="[886,940,1796,1821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95177FC52F882" box="[166,940,1829,1854]" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95177FDEAF882" box="[166,532,1829,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Oesophagus length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695177FC52F882" box="[886,940,1829,1854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">269</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95117FC52F8E2" box="[166,940,1861,1886]" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95117FDEAF8E2" box="[166,532,1861,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Postbulbar extension</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695117FC52F8E2" box="[886,940,1861,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B95134FC52F8C3" box="[166,940,1894,1919]" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B95134FDEAF8C3" box="[166,532,1894,1919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Cardia length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B695134FC52F8C3" box="[886,940,1894,1919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B951D5FC52F81C" box="[166,940,1927,1952]" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B951D5FDEAF81C" box="[166,532,1927,1952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Vagina length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6951D5FC52F81C" box="[886,940,1927,1952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A80862B548B951F5FC52F87C" box="[166,940,1959,1984]" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B548B951F5FDEAF87C" box="[166,532,1959,1984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Length of anterior genital tract</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA80862B54B6951F5FC52F87C" box="[886,940,1959,1984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">153</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8089D454C495198FA73F85D" blockId="15.[1110,1421,1994,2018]" box="[1110,1421,1994,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<tableNote id="76BA372DA8089D454C495198FA73F85D" box="[1110,1421,1994,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[166,937,979,1984]" targetPageId="15">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF23662BA8179D5A48B956F2FE6AFF05" ID-Table-UUID="DF23662BA8179D5A48B956F2FE6AFF05" box="[166,404,160,185]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662BA8179D5A48B956F2FE6AFF05" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[151,940,192,382]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8179D5A48B956F2FE6AFF05" blockId="16.[166,404,160,185]" box="[166,404,160,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8179D5A48B956F2FEEDFF05" bold="true" box="[166,275,160,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8179D5A48B95692FD58FEC2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<table id="F95CC403A81762B548885692FC52FEC2" box="[151,940,192,382]" gridcols="2" gridrows="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B548885692FC52FF65" box="[151,940,192,217]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<th id="76BD5D9DA81762B548885692FE2DFF65" box="[151,467,192,217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Morphometric feature</th>
<th id="76BD5D9DA81762B54B695692FC52FF65" box="[886,940,192,217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">n = 1</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B5488856B0FC52FF47" box="[151,940,226,251]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B5488856B0FE2DFF47" box="[151,467,226,251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Length of post-uterine branch</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B54B6956B0FC52FF47" box="[886,940,226,251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B548885750FC52FEA7" box="[151,940,258,283]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B548885750FE2DFEA7" box="[151,467,258,283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Rectum length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B54B695750FC52FEA7" box="[886,940,258,283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B548885771FC52FE80" box="[151,940,291,316]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B548885771FE2DFE80" box="[151,467,291,316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Tail length</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B54B695771FC52FE80" box="[886,940,291,316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">202</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B548885716FC52FEE1" box="[151,940,324,349]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B548885716FE2DFEE1" box="[151,467,324,349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Rectum / width at anus</td>
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B54B695716FC52FEE1" box="[886,940,324,349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34E1A81762B548885734FC52FEC2" box="[151,940,358,382]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<td id="76BD5D9DA81762B548885734FC52FEC2" box="[151,940,358,382]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">– Indicates structure not present or not measured.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8179D5A48D857FEFC01FCEF" blockId="16.[151,1437,428,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
The female specimen was identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D20A8179D5A4A6157FEFC80FE7A" authorityName="Heyns &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1980" box="[638,894,428,454]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptolaimidae" genus="Chronogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8179D5A4A6157FEFC80FE7A" box="[638,894,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Chronogaster africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on morphometrics and morphology, especially the morphology of the tail terminus displaying a mucro with six short spines, and the absence of no crystalloids in the body cavity. The female specimen found in Telperion Nature Reserve (no males found) matches that of the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B52A8179D5A49F4544BFCE8FD8E" author="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A." box="[491,790,536,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref14895" refString="Heyns, J. &amp; Coomans, A. (1980) Freshwater nematodes from South Africa 5. Chronogaster Cobb, 1913. Nematologica, 26 (2), 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529280 X 00080" type="journal article" year="1980">Heyns &amp; Coomans (1980)</bibRefCitation>
with only difference being the length of the post-uterine branch (
<quantity id="4CA49B46A8179D5A48ED5469FEAEFDEB" box="[242,336,571,599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8179D5A4949546FFE93FDEA" box="[342,365,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CA49B46A8179D5A496C5469FE1DFDEB" box="[371,483,571,599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="6.0">6–9.5 µm</quantity>
). First time SEM observations on this species revealed the following: Lip region three annules long with four cephalic setae and amphid openings on second annule with their posterior margins protruding slightly. Amphid aperture with two protrusions towards inside. Cuticle shows distinct annules, no lateral field. Excretory pore located
<quantity id="4CA49B46A8179D5A498154FAFE0BFD7F" box="[414,501,680,707]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 µm</quantity>
from anterior end its opening one body annule wide. Lateral caudal pore on tail
<quantity id="4CA49B46A8179D5A4D9F54FAFF43FD5B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
posterior from anus on lateral side of body. This pore indicates two openings, one in the anterior and one in the posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13672A26A8179D5A499654A2FDEDFCB7" box="[393,531,752,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 female, A) Posterior end showing anus and arrow indicating caudal pore; B) Close up of caudal pore arrows indicating two possible openings; C, D, F) Tail tip showing projections, arrows indicate anastomosis; E) Posterior end indicating anus and caudal pores (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363101/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figure 10 B</figureCitation>
). Tail terminus consists of six small projections on the base of one larger mucro. In some instances, an extra projection noticed on larger mucro (
<figureCitation id="13672A26A8179D5A4B775546FC28FC92" box="[872,982,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 female, A) Posterior end showing anus and arrow indicating caudal pore; B) Close up of caudal pore arrows indicating two possible openings; C, D, F) Tail tip showing projections, arrows indicate anastomosis; E) Posterior end indicating anus and caudal pores (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363101/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figure 10</figureCitation>
C–F). Annules at the base of the tail tip showed some anastomoses / breaks in striations on lateral sides (
<figureCitation id="13672A26A8179D5A4B75556AFC0CFCEF" box="[874,1010,824,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[305,1282,166,1910]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrograph of Chronogaster africana Heyns &amp; Coomans, 1980 female, A) Posterior end showing anus and arrow indicating caudal pore; B) Close up of caudal pore arrows indicating two possible openings; C, D, F) Tail tip showing projections, arrows indicate anastomosis; E) Posterior end indicating anus and caudal pores (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363101/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figure 10 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8179D5A48D8550EFD9EFBBA" blockId="16.[151,1437,428,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
Discussion.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D20A8179D5A494D550EFDAAFCCA" authorityName="Heyns &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1980" box="[338,596,860,886]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptolaimidae" genus="Chronogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8179D5A494D550EFDAAFCCA" box="[338,596,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Chronogaster africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described in
<collectingCountry id="F34B7633A8179D5A4B47550EFC16FCCA" box="[856,1000,860,886]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Africa</collectingCountry>
in 1980 from water sediment samples in Boskop Dam and The Kloof (
<collectingRegion id="4998F841A8179D5A4A1B55D2FD0BFC27" box="[516,757,896,923]" country="South Africa" name="North West" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">North West Province</collectingRegion>
), Natalspruit (
<collectingRegion id="4998F841A8179D5A4B8A55D2FB9BFC27" box="[917,1125,896,923]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
), and Krom River (
<collectingRegion id="4998F841A8179D5A4D2055D2FEBFFC03" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
). It was then again reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34B7633A8179D5A4A8655F6FCD6FC02" box="[665,808,932,958]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Africa</collectingCountry>
in 1992 from sand near the weir in the Sabie River near Lower Sabie (
<collectingRegion id="4998F841A8179D5A492D559AFDCDFC5F" box="[306,563,968,995]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mpumalanga Province</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B52A8179D5A4A56559AFCC7FC5E" author="Botha, A. &amp; Heyns, J." box="[585,825,968,995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="11 - 25" refId="ref13736" refString="Botha, A. &amp; Heyns, J. (1992) Further records and descriptions of nematodes from rivers in the Kruger National Park (orders Enoplida, Chromadorida, Monhysterida, Mononchida and Araeolaimida). Koedoe, 35 (2), 11 - 25." type="journal article" year="1992">Botha &amp; Heyns 1992</bibRefCitation>
). As this species has been reported in this country only, it is considered endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F34B7633A8179D5A49D555BEFDA2FBBA" box="[458,604,1004,1030]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336A3A8179D5A48D85242FB19FBCE" blockId="16.[151,1437,428,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
Locality and material examined: In the Telperion Nature Reserve a female specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D20A8179D5A4CAD5243FACAFB96" authorityName="Heyns &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1980" box="[1202,1332,1040,1067]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptolaimidae" genus="Chronogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B928EAB1A8179D5A4CAD5243FACAFB96" box="[1202,1332,1040,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at the Wetland site (
<tableCitation id="C6DE0318A8179D5A49D35266FDDCFBF2" box="[460,546,1076,1102]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,789,816]" captionTargetBox="[165,2009,835,1386]" captionText="TABLE 1. Detailed description of the sites selected for the water-substrate samples taken from the Telperion Nature Reserve." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662BA8049D4948885547FA27FC8C" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="DF23662BA8049D4948885547FA27FC8C">Table 1</tableCitation>
) with locality number MP00043 and deposited in the National Collection of Nematodes (ARC—Plant Health and Protection, Biosystematics, Pretoria) on slide number 50567.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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