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439 lines
56 KiB
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<mods:title id="6D6ABDBF7F35D843EDE177A86DEF3840">Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="465F151000369C6483A0001359567E83">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="67B52E309465AD91DA4E28F11EE24739">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. & Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB63B7545B0D5B574DF5089EB6CC14BA">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D005BF016F9FC08314FEF4A137C305CD">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F587B3FFAAFFBD0740FBF5151EF913" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3477368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159660803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3477368" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:572C5B5F-D4A5-45BB-A8DE-3B3C3DED5575" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587B3FFAAFFBD0740FBF5151EF913" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0740FBF514E6FB4A" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityYear="2019" box="[521,964,1142,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0740FBF51598FB4A" bold="true" box="[521,698,1142,1169]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zischkaia josti</emphasis>
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Nakahara & Kleckner
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF0699FBF41309FB4B" box="[976,1067,1143,1169]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAAFFBF0713FB3C1581FB00" box="[602,675,1215,1242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAAFFBF07F8FB43159CFB00" box="[689,702,1216,1242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1734,1760]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,677,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,658,1690]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂ (DZ 37. 029), dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. saundersii, ♀ (DZ 36. 969), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., holotype, ♀, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. josti sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (USNM ENT 00233844), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. mielkeorum sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 618), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. warreni sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476682/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAAFFBF064DFB431430FB00" box="[772,786,1216,1242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969). C–D. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey). E–F. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688). G–H. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">7</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAAFFBF0610FB43145BFB00" box="[857,889,1216,1242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAAFFBF06CCFB3C1482FB03" box="[901,928,1215,1241]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,453,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[189,1398,453,1816]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 16. Habitats of species of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A. Habitat at the type locality of Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., Kavanayen, Venezuela (photo by Bernhard Jost). B. Adult in situ at Serra da Esperança, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil (photo by Andrew Warren). C. Habitat of Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., Serra da Esperança, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil (photo by Andrew Warren)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476708/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">16</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFAAFFBF05F4FA811269F994" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4FA811614FAC6" blockId="48.[189,310,1282,1308]" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFAAFFBF05F4FA811614FAC6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05F4FA811614FAC6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4FAB11269F994" blockId="48.[189,1399,1330,1614]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF05F4FAB1164FFA96" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,365,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05F4FAB1164FFA96" box="[189,365,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zischkaia josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF043EFAB016F4FA97" box="[375,470,1331,1357]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is closest (see discussion below) and similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0160FAB013F7FA96" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1065,1237,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0160FAB013F7FA96" box="[1065,1237,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF01A8FAB01260FA97" box="[1249,1346,1331,1357]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but female specimens of these two taxa are distinguishable by the rather elongated, ‘egg’-shaped VHW ocelli of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF046AFAFE1656FA4C" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[291,372,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF046AFAFE1656FA4C" box="[291,372,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF0433FAFF16F4FA4C" box="[378,470,1404,1430]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas the VHW ocelli are smaller and more rounded rather than elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF05F4FA221641FA61" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,355,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05F4FA221641FA61" box="[189,355,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF0420FA2216E3FA61" box="[361,449,1441,1467]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
These two species can also be separated by the presence of small sclerotized region at approximately one-third distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae, whereas this sclerotization is apparently absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0490FA6815A4F9DE" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[473,646,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0490FA6815A4F9DE" box="[473,646,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF07D8FA6815CDF9DF" box="[657,751,1515,1541]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The range of these two taxa can also be informative regarding identification, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0774F99315B2F9F3" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[573,656,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0774F99315B2F9F3" box="[573,656,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF07DEF98C15D1F9F3" box="[663,755,1551,1577]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
known from Guianas, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0123F9931231F9F3" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1130,1299,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0123F9931231F9F3" box="[1130,1299,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF0055F98C1255F9F3" box="[1308,1399,1551,1577]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occuring in Southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAAFFBF04A1F9B01511F997" box="[488,563,1587,1613]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. See also relevant sections for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF06D5F9B71317F997" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[924,1077,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF06D5F9B71317F997" box="[924,1077,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAAFFBF0127F9B713CBF997" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1134,1257,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF0127F9B713CBF997" box="[1134,1257,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAAFFBF01B9F9B71269F994" box="[1264,1355,1588,1614]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFAAFFBF05F4F9F41545F8D0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4F9F41666F94B" blockId="48.[189,324,1655,1681]" box="[189,324,1655,1681]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFAAFFBF05F4F9F41666F94B" bold="true" box="[189,324,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05F4F9F41666F94B" bold="true" box="[189,324,1655,1681]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4F9251545F8D0" blockId="48.[189,1399,1702,1802]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
This specific epithet is dedicated to Bernhard Jost, a lepidopterist from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAAFFBF0159F92513BEF91A" box="[1040,1180,1702,1728]" name="Switzerland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
who collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFAAFFBF05F4F9481606F93F" box="[189,292,1739,1765]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and kindly allowed us to examine this specimen. The specific epithet is regarded as a Latinized masculine noun in the genitive case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFAAFFBE05F4F8B01566FE55" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4F8B016CEF896" blockId="48.[189,492,1842,1869]" box="[189,492,1842,1869]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFAAFFBF05F4F8B016CEF896" bold="true" box="[189,492,1842,1869]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05F4F8B016CEF896" bold="true" box="[189,492,1842,1869]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFAAFFBF05A3F8E0161AF831" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040051" collectingDate="2007-10-08" collectionCode="NMBE" collectorName="B. Jost" country="Venezuela" county="Venezuela" elevation="1360" latitude="5.6319447" location="Strasse nach [route to] Kavanayen" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.694447" municipality="Chivaton" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05A3F8E0167EF8A7" blockId="48.[189,1399,1891,2027]" box="[234,348,1891,1917]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF05A3F8E0167EF8A7" bold="true" box="[234,348,1891,1917]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFAAFFBF05A3F8E0167EF8A7" box="[234,348,1891,1917]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAAFFBF05F4F80B161AF831" blockId="48.[189,1399,1891,2027]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAAFFBF05F4F80B1648F878" box="[189,362,1928,1954]" name="Venezuela" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFAAFFBF04DFF80B168FF878" box="[406,429,1928,1954]" count="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; “
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAAFFBF049AF80416C1F87B" bold="true" box="[467,483,1927,1953]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">//</emphasis>
|
||
Venezuela Bolivar Chivaton,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFAAFFBF0613F8041236F878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFAAFFBD0740FBF5151EF913:8E83607EFFAAFFBF0613F8041236F878" box="[858,1300,1927,1954]" country="Venezuela" county="Venezuela" latitude="5.6319447" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.694447" municipality="Chivaton" name="Strasse nach [route to] Kavanayen" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Bolivar">Strasse nach [route to] Kavanayen</location>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFAAFFBF006CF8041255F87B" box="[1317,1399,1927,1953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1360.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FFAAFFBF006CF8041255F87B" box="[1317,1399,1927,1953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1360.0">1360m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFAAFFBF05F4F82F1668F81D" box="[189,330,1964,1991]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="15" seconds="55" value="5.6319447">N05°37’55”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFAAFFBF041DF82F16D8F81D" box="[340,506,1964,1991]" degrees="061" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-61.694447">W061°41’40”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFAAFFBF074AF82F15E9F81C" box="[515,715,1964,1990]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2007-10-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFAAFFBF074AF82F15E9F81C" box="[515,715,1964,1990]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2007-10-08">08.Oktober 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFAAFFBF079DF82E1406F81C" box="[724,804,1964,1991]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">B. Jost</collectorName>
|
||
// DNA–voucher
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940FAB46FFAAFFBF06BDF82F1363F81C" box="[1012,1089,1964,1990]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">68763</accessionNumber>
|
||
//”; BEJO, to be deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFAAFFBF0592F8521616F831" box="[219,308,2001,2027]" collectionName="Switzerland, Bern, Naturhistorische Museums" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5hwi-0wgz" name="Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">NMBE</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFABFFBE05A3FE881562FE55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040015" collectingDate="2000-10-31" collectingDateMax="2000-11-10" collectingDateMin="2000-10-31" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="S. Fratello & D. J. Harvey" country="Guyana" location="Acarai Mts." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="ENT 00233844" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05A3FE88167EFEFF" blockId="49.[189,1398,267,399]" box="[234,348,267,293]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFABFFBE05A3FE88167EFEFF" bold="true" box="[234,348,267,293]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFABFFBE05A3FE88167EFEFF" box="[234,348,267,293]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FEAD1566FE55" blockId="49.[189,1398,267,399]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFABFFBE05F4FEAD1615FE92" box="[189,311,302,328]" name="Guyana" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFABFFBE0418FEAD165DFE93" box="[337,383,302,329]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; “//GUYANA:
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFABFFBE077CFEAD159CFE92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFAAFFBD0740FBF5151EF913:8E83607EFFABFFBE077CFEAD159CFE92" box="[565,702,302,328]" country="Guyana" name="Acarai Mts." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Acarai Mts.</location>
|
||
/ridge Sipu R. 2500-3000”
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFABFFBE0148FEAD13F0FE92" box="[1025,1234,302,328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2000-10-31" valueMax="2000-11-10" valueMin="2000-10-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFABFFBE0148FEAD13F0FE92" box="[1025,1234,302,328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2000-10-31" valueMax="2000-11-10" valueMin="2000-10-31">31.X.-10.XI.2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFABFFBE0190FEAD1273FE93" box="[1241,1361,302,329]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1°22.2” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFABFFBE0010FEAD163AFEB6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">58 57.9”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFABFFBE0413FED216F1FEB1" box="[346,467,337,363]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. Fratello</collectorName>
|
||
et al//
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFABFFBE076BFED21555FEB1" box="[546,631,337,363]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFABFFBE0734FED11412FEB1" box="[637,816,337,364]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">ENT 00233844</specimenCode>
|
||
// DNA voucher
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940FAB46FFABFFBE06B8FED21355FEB1" box="[1009,1143,337,363]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">LEP-18704</accessionNumber>
|
||
// Genitalia dissection 2018-002
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFABFFBE047CFEF6169FFE55" box="[309,445,373,399]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D.J.Harvey</collectorName>
|
||
//”;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFABFFBE04AEFEF61562FE55" box="[487,576,373,399]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFABFFBD05F4FE35168CFC04" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FE35166CFE0A" blockId="49.[189,334,438,464]" box="[189,334,438,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFABFFBE05F4FE35166CFE0A" bold="true" box="[189,334,438,464]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFABFFBE05F4FE35166CFE0A" bold="true" box="[189,334,438,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05A3FE661608FE25" blockId="49.[189,502,485,546]" box="[234,298,485,511]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFABFFBE05A3FE661608FE25" bold="true" box="[234,298,485,511]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FD8B16D4FDF8" blockId="49.[189,502,485,546]" box="[189,502,520,546]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Unknown or unrecognized</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05A3FDC91667FDBE" blockId="49.[189,627,586,649]" box="[234,325,586,612]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFABFFBE05A3FDC91667FDBE" bold="true" box="[234,325,586,612]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FDED1551FD52" blockId="49.[189,627,586,649]" box="[189,627,622,649]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
FOREWING LENGTH.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFABFFBE04DFFDED1537FD52" box="[406,533,622,649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="25.0">25–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FD331556FC7B" blockId="49.[189,1399,688,930]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">HEAD. Eyes naked, with greyish scales at base; frons dark brown, with creamy-white scales and lightly colored long hair-like scales; labial palpi first segment with whitish long hair-like scales and whitish scales, second segment length almost twice as great as eye depth and covered with brownish scales laterally, with partially whitish scales, dorsally with brownish long hair-like scales, ventrally with blackish long hair-like scales and whitish long hair-like scales, about 3–4 times as long as segment width; third segment slightly shorter than half of second segment in length and covered with blackish scales, antennae cannot be examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FC491468FBDD" blockId="49.[189,1398,969,1031]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">THORAX. Dorsally light brown with lightly colored scales and long hair-like scales; ventrally brownish, with greyish scales lightly colored long hair-like scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FBB3163BFB4B" blockId="49.[189,1398,1071,1169]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">LEGS. Foretarsus divided into five distinct subsegments; midleg and hindleg tibia and tarsus grayish dorsally, whitish ventrally, tarsus and tibia spined ventrally, and pair of tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FB3A15C7FB09" blockId="49.[189,741,1209,1236]" box="[189,741,1209,1236]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ABDOMEN. Eighth tergite uniformly sclerotized.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FB7F1363FAE3" blockId="49.[189,1399,1275,1343]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
WING VENATION. Basal half of forewing Subcosta swollen; base of Cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE0491FAB216C3FAE5" attach="left" box="[472,481,1329,1343]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2</subScript>
|
||
towards M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE072EFAB21552FAE5" attach="left" box="[615,624,1329,1343]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</subScript>
|
||
than M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE0783FAB215F1FAE5" attach="left" box="[714,723,1329,1343]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</subScript>
|
||
; hindwing humeral developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4FAE114D3FA3D" blockId="49.[189,1399,1377,1511]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">WING SHAPE. Forewing subtriangular and elongated, apex angular, costal margin convex, outer margin slightly concave, inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base. Hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, costal margin almost straight, angled towards thorax near base, outer margin undulating, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly round.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4F99313B7F9F3" blockId="49.[189,1173,1551,1578]" box="[189,1173,1551,1578]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">DORSAL FOREWING. Ground color light brownish, apex and distal area slightly darker.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4F9D11252F9B1" blockId="49.[189,1392,1617,1644]" box="[189,1392,1617,1644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">DORSAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing, trace of posterior half of submarginal line visible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBE05F4F9171265F8BB" blockId="49.[189,1398,1683,1889]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
VENTRAL FOREWING. Ground color greyish brown; dark brown narrow median line, almost straight, extends from near costa to origin of Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE07CBF94A15A9F90D" attach="left" box="[642,651,1737,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2</subScript>
|
||
, terminates after crossing origin of Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE0102F94A1376F90D" attach="right" box="[1099,1108,1737,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2</subScript>
|
||
; concolorous submedian line, wider than median line, somewhat sinuous, extending from near costa to 2A, traversing in outward direction below M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE04D9F89216BBF8C5" attach="left" box="[400,409,1809,1823]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</subScript>
|
||
; concolorous submarginal line, similar to submedian line in width, slightly undulating, traversing from apex towards tornus, terminating around 2A, somewhat undulating; concolorous marginal line, narrower than submarginal line, extending from apex towards tornus; fringe grayish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFABFFBD05F4F80A164BFE32" blockId="49.[189,1399,1929,2033]" lastBlockId="50.[189,1399,267,488]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
VENTRAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing; median line, concolorous with VFW median line, almost straight, extending from costal margin to inner margin, apparently bent inwards near inner margin; concolorous submedian line almost parallel to median line, appear slightly wider, passing origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFABFFBE002EF8601252F82B" attach="right" box="[1383,1392,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</subScript>
|
||
, posterior end bent inwards in 2A-3A; undulating submarginal line extending from apex towards tornus, anterior end apparently fused with submedian line near costa, posterior end not fused to submedian line, terminates in 2A-3A; concolorous marginal line, slightly undulating along outer margin, appear wider than submarginal line; submarginal ocelli from M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFA8FFBD0648FE111428FE7A" attach="left" box="[769,778,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">1</subScript>
|
||
to 2A, oval, pupil appear as scattered silverish scales placed distally, black central spot ringed with orangish ring then with thin dark brownish indistinct ring; fringe grayish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FD9714FFFCE5" blockId="50.[189,1399,532,832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
FEMALE GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD04E2FD9716D6FDF4" box="[427,500,532,558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969). C–D. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey). E–F. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688). G–H. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Inter-segmental membrane between seventh and eighth tergite not pleated, but expanded with posterior edge forming a smooth, curving sclerotized band anterior to ostium bursae that seamlessly borders the broad, sclerotized plate of lamella antevaginalis, which narrows ventally to encircle ostium bursae and is indented throughout with the edges forming raised lip; lamella antevaginalis fused to lateral sclerotized plate of eighth abdominal segment; ductus bursae membranous, small sclerotized region present at one-third distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae; origin of ductus seminalis located between sclerotized plate and ostium bursae; corpus bursae roughly oval in dorsal view, with two signa located in middle, parallel to each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FCE91611FC5E" blockId="50.[189,307,874,900]" box="[189,307,874,900]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA8FFBD05F4FCE91611FC5E" bold="true" box="[189,307,874,900]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD05F4FCE91611FC5E" bold="true" box="[189,307,874,900]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FC1E168CFC04" blockId="50.[189,1399,925,990]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD05BAFC1E167AFC6D" box="[243,344,925,951]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
possesses an ocellus in the VHW cell Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFA8FFBD062CFC2C144CFC67" attach="left" box="[869,878,943,957]" fontSize="6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">1</subScript>
|
||
, whereas the ocellus is absent in this cell in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD05A1FC47166DFC04" box="[232,335,964,990]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA8FFBD05F4FB8A1515FBA7" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FB8A16E6FBF9" blockId="50.[189,452,1033,1059]" box="[189,452,1033,1059]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD05F4FB8A1674FBF9" bold="true" box="[189,342,1033,1059]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD042FFB8A1699FBF9" box="[358,443,1033,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FBBF1515FBA7" blockId="50.[189,1398,1084,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
This species is known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD0771FBBF1549FB8C" box="[568,619,1084,1110]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFA8FFBD07BBFBBF14A9FB8C" box="[754,907,1084,1110]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bolívar state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFA8FFBD06DEFBBF1332FB8C" box="[919,1040,1084,1110]" name="Venezuela" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a single site in the Acarai Mountains, in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFA8FFBD049DFBE01511FBA7" box="[468,563,1123,1149]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA8FFBD05F4FB2B151EF913" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FB2B160DFB18" blockId="50.[189,303,1192,1218]" box="[189,303,1192,1218]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA8FFBD05F4FB2B160DFB18" bold="true" box="[189,303,1192,1218]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD05F4FB2B160DFB18" bold="true" box="[189,303,1192,1218]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4FB59151EF913" blockId="50.[189,1399,1242,1737]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Despite our initial hypothesis of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD07C0FB5915D2FB2E" box="[649,752,1242,1268]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD067AFB5814BAFB2F" box="[819,920,1243,1269]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
being two different species, the small genetic distance (0.3%) based on DNA ‘barcodes’ between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD0687FA821317FAC1" box="[974,1077,1281,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MUSM-LEP-68763) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA8FFBD05F4FAAA1600FA99" box="[189,290,1321,1347]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MUSM-LEP-18704) do not support this hypothesis. The distance between these two Guianan specimens and three barcoded individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD0787FAD31455FAB3" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[718,887,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD0787FAD31455FAB3" box="[718,887,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD0637FAD314FBFAB0" box="[894,985,1360,1386]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(BC-DZ-225, 248, 249) fall within 0.9–1.6 %, which is in accordance with rather low inter-specific genetic distance of two other taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD05F4FA1D160DFA62" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,303,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD05F4FA1D160DFA62" box="[189,303,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
regarded as species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD076FFA1D15EFFA62" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[550,717,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD076FFA1D15EFFA62" box="[550,717,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD079DFA1D140FFA62" box="[724,813,1438,1464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD062DFA1D14C4FA6D" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[868,998,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD062DFA1D14C4FA6D" box="[868,998,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD06A5FA1D136BFA62" box="[1004,1097,1438,1464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE031EFFA8FFBD01C9FA1E13F5FA62" box="[1152,1239,1437,1464]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="8.[182,251,549,575]" captionTargetBox="[182,1929,744,1728]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 4. GeneticdistancescalculatedbasedonCOIusingtheTamura-Neidistancemodel." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662DFF92FF8705FFFDA61124FDE5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="DF23662DFF92FF8705FFFDA61124FDE5">Table 4</tableCitation>
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) compared to many other euptychiine butterflies (pers. obs.). The wing pattern differences between the two Guianan females documented above, combined with their geographical isolation, might merit subspecific status. However, due to the fact that only a single specimen is known from each site, we feel it is premature to draw any conclusion as to the importance of this geographic variation. We thus regard the observed phenotypic difference between these two Guianan females to represent intra-specific variation and treat these specimens as a single taxon. See also corresponding section of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD0696F90A13A5F978" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[991,1159,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD0696F90A13A5F978" box="[991,1159,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD01C6F90B13CBF978" box="[1167,1257,1672,1698]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
for relevant discussion for these two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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</document> |