281 lines
26 KiB
XML
281 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3610541" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3269bae6-36d8-4c4e-a814-cda94b6aeece" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161746379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3610541" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:539857EC-044B-4C37-997F-43031FB8BCD2" checkinTime="1579089070375" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rheindt, Frank E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Ashar, Hidayat, Lee, Geraldine W. X., Wu, Meng Yue & Ng, Nathaniel S. R." docDate="2020" docId="03F587A7FFB48F2DFF127186FD1EFD74" docLanguage="en" docName="science.367.167-170_aax2146-Rheindt-SM.pdf" docOrigin="Science 36" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Phyllergates cucullatus subsp. sulanus Rheindt & Prawiradilaga & Ashar & Lee & Wu & Ng 2020, subspecies nova" docType="treatment" docUuid="539857EC-044B-4C37-997F-43031FB8BCD2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFCCFFDFFF9B8F1FFFD2714DFFBCFFEA" masterDocTitle="A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna (supplement)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1643451873296" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna (supplement)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rheindt, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prawiradilaga, Dewi M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ashar, Hidayat</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Geraldine W. X.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Meng Yue</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ng, Nathaniel S. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Science</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-01-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3608758</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3269bae6-36d8-4c4e-a814-cda94b6aeece</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3608758</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8114B399-C68D-43C2-B6D3-B51AA898431E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3610541" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161746379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3610541" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:539857EC-044B-4C37-997F-43031FB8BCD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587A7FFB48F2DFF127186FD1EFD74" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection box="[192,291,203,241]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" box="[192,291,203,241]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,291,203,241]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SM7:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[302,1171,203,243]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" box="[302,1171,203,243]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<heading bold="true" box="[302,1171,203,243]" fontSize="16" level="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[302,1171,203,243]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rheindt & Prawiradilaga & Ashar & Lee & Wu & Ng, 2020" authorityName="Rheindt & Prawiradilaga & Ashar & Lee & Wu & Ng" authorityYear="2020" box="[302,861,203,241]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Phyllergates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cucullatus" status="subspecies nova" subSpecies="sulanus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[302,861,203,241]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Phyllergates cucullatus sulanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[883,1171,203,243]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="subSpecies">subspecies nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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(
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<vernacularName pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sula Mountain Leaftoiler</vernacularName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:539857EC-044B-4C37-997F-43031FB8BCD2</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[699,713,400,438]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">)</emphasis>
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Frank E. Rheindt, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Hidayat Ashari, Suparno, Nathaniel S. R. Ng
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2549955317" collectingDate="2013-12-11" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Rheindt & LIPI field party" country="Indonesia" elevation="1200" latitude="-1.0132262" location="Waiyo dinahana Camp" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.01339" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" box="[192,316,648,676]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<heading bold="true" box="[192,316,648,676]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,316,648,676]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus box="[192,316,648,676]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<collectionCode box="[192,263,721,749]" collectionName="MZB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ornit.34.394 (
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<figureCitation box="[450,556,721,749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[192,239,1389,1417]" captionTargetBox="[200,1336,200,1336]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[192,1344,192,1344]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. S12. Holotypes of Phyllergates cucullatus sulanus (MZB.Ornit.34.394) (top) and Phyllergates cucullatus relictus (MZB.Ornit.34.442) (bottom), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3608782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3608782/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">fig. S12</figureCitation>
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);
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<specimenCount box="[580,644,721,749]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount box="[652,714,721,749]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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collected
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<date box="[846,1010,721,751]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2013-12-11">
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<collectingDate box="[846,1010,721,751]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2013-12-11">11 Dec 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587A7FFB48F2DFF127186FD1EFD74:8E83606AFFB48F30FBCB739CFA81FD07" box="[1049,1341,721,749]" latitude="-1.0132262" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.01339" name="Waiyo dinahana Camp" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Waiyo dinahana Camp</location>
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(~
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<quantity box="[217,311,795,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1200.0">
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<elevation box="[217,311,795,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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)
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587A7FFB48F2DFF127186FD1EFD74:8E83606AFFB48F30FE9A7256FCC3FCDD" box="[328,895,795,824]" latitude="-1.0132262" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.01339" name="above the village of Wahe on Taliabu Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">above the village of Wahe on Taliabu Island</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[914,1084,795,823]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="1" seconds="47.614" value="-1.0132262">S 01⁰ 47.614</geoCoordinate>
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';
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<geoCoordinate box="[1100,1289,795,824]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="1" seconds="48.216" value="124.01339">E 124⁰ 48.216</geoCoordinate>
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'). Collected by the
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<collectorName box="[410,511,868,896]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Rheindt</collectorName>
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/
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<collectorName box="[520,722,868,898]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">LIPI field party</collectorName>
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, including tissue samples from breast muscle and liver; skin prepared by Suparno; field number Tbu62; no molt (all fresh feathers); high fat; weight
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<quantity box="[287,323,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
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; wing length
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<quantity box="[496,555,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
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; wing spread
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<quantity box="[731,830,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="13.8">13.8cm</quantity>
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; total length
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<quantity box="[996,1071,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="11.0">11cm</quantity>
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; bill
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<quantity box="[1135,1234,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="1.63">1.63cm</quantity>
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; tail
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<quantity box="[1296,1379,1016,1044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="4.7">4.7cm</quantity>
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; tarsus
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<quantity box="[275,358,1089,1117]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2cm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" box="[192,510,1242,1270]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[192,510,1242,1270]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,510,1242,1270]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description of holotype</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[192,1384,203,1932]" lastBlockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crown bright rufous (7.5YR 6/10) from nape to forehead, including single rows of feathers below the eye. Posterior auriculars are mid-brown (7.5YR 3.5/3) grading into a pale orange- rufescent (7.5YR 7/6) frontwards towards the malar and moustachial regions. Mantle and scapulars to uppertail coverts are bronzy olive (2.5Y 3/4), the remiges and rectrices slightly darker and with more coppery edging (10YR 4/6). Dull white on breast reaches to chin, with an orange-rufescent tinge (7.5YR 7/6) surrounding the breast laterally and ventrally. Yellow belly and vent (5Y 8/10), brighter centrally than laterally, with a rufescent-orange suffusion to flanks (7.5YR 7/6). Underwing concolorous with central belly on axillaries, with increasingly white suffusion towards the remainder of the underwing. Dark-horn mandible. Yellow-orange tarsus on live bird. The iris color was not clearly discernible on live type specimen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" box="[192,324,427,455]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading bold="true" box="[192,324,427,455]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,324,427,455]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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One of the phenotypically most distinct subspecies of the Mountain Tailorbird or Mountain Leaftoiler
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<taxonomicName box="[326,628,574,602]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Phyllergates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis box="[326,628,574,602]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Phyllergates cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Uniquely among all subspecies, the new taxon has a rufescent suffusion on throat and breast, becoming especially pronounced on breast sides and auriculars (from where it grades into the rufous crown), rendering the bird’s anterior aspect much warmer-tinged than all other subspecies. The upperparts, especially upper wings, are also warmer bronzy and the flanks tinged more rufescent than all other subspecies, making this the most reddish-looking taxon in
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<taxonomicName box="[686,854,942,972]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Phyllergates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis box="[686,854,942,972]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It additionally differs from most other subspecies (except those from Sulawesi and Peleng) in the rufous crown’s more posterior extension to the nape and in the absence of a pale supercilium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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It further differs from
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<taxonomicName box="[572,704,1163,1191]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Phyllergates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis box="[572,704,1163,1191]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Java, Bali, Sumatra),
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<emphasis box="[998,1156,1163,1191]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">cinereicollis</emphasis>
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(Borneo),
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<emphasis box="[192,331,1236,1264]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">malayanus</emphasis>
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(Malay Peninsula) and all subspecies further to the north and west in the absence of a strong grey hindcollar band and/or strongly grey breast sides. In many aspects, the new taxon is similar to the set of subspecies on Sulawesi (
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<emphasis box="[875,1310,1384,1413]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">riedeli, stentor, meisei, hedymeles</emphasis>
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), but dramatically differs in its much more extensive yellow on belly and lower breast (versus yellow on the flanks only, or a light-yellow suffusion on the lowermost underparts, or a near- complete absence of yellow, respectively). For additional differences from the new subspecies on Peleng, see SM8.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[192,1347,1825,1928]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" box="[192,340,1825,1853]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading bold="true" box="[192,340,1825,1853]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,340,1825,1853]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1386,201,1928]" box="[192,1347,1899,1928]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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We name this taxon after the Sula Archipelago which it inhabits,
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<emphasis box="[1029,1127,1899,1927]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sulanus</emphasis>
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being adjectival.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" box="[192,976,201,229]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading bold="true" box="[192,976,201,229]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,976,201,229]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Individual, sex and age-related variation within the taxon</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">The juvenile and immature plumages remain undocumented. Among the five adult specimens (three males and two females) procured, there is minor variation in the intensity of the orange-rufous crown color (being especially more orange in one male, 34.394), the intensity of the rufescent flank wash, the ventral extent of the white breast, and the intensity of the rufescent suffusion on throat and breast.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" box="[192,468,721,749]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading bold="true" box="[192,468,721,749]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,468,721,749]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">History of discovery</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Davidson et al. (
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<bibRefCitation author="P. J. Davidson & T. Stones & R. S. Lucking" box="[404,436,795,823]" journalOrPublisher="Bird Conserv. Int." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 20" part="5" refId="ref30221" refString="64. P. J. Davidson, T. Stones, R. S. Lucking, The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia. Bird Conserv. Int. 5, 1 - 20 (1995). doi: 10.1017 / S 0959270900002926" title="The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia" type="journal article" year="1995">
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<emphasis box="[404,436,795,823]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">64</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported the first observations of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1883" box="[902,1064,795,823]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Phyllergates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[902,1064,795,823]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phyllergates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaftoiler (then called an
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1821" box="[192,345,868,896]" class="Aves" family="Cisticolidae" genus="Orthotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,345,868,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Orthotomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tailorbird) for Taliabu, and characterized the population as inhabiting montane forest above 500m and possibly in need of taxonomic description. FER found this population commonly in disturbed montane forest to over 1,100 m, with a few records in dense secondary bamboo thickets down to 50m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="F. E. Rheindt" box="[736,768,1089,1117]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="33 - 51" part="130" refId="ref29294" refString="48. F. E. Rheindt, New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 130, 33 - 51 (2010)." title="New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,768,1089,1117]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">48</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and our collecting expedition re-encountered this form abundantly at elevations around 1,300m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="F. E. Rheindt & D. M. Prawiradilaga & S. Suparno & H. Ashari & P. R. Wilton" box="[848,880,1163,1191]" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="61 - 90" part="41" refId="ref27737" refString="19. F. E. Rheindt, D. M. Prawiradilaga, S. Suparno, H. Ashari, P. R. Wilton, New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate. Treubia 41, 61 - 90 (2014)." title="New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<emphasis box="[848,880,1163,1191]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">19</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" box="[192,507,1268,1296]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[192,507,1268,1296]" fontSize="12" level="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,507,1268,1296]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution and status</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1391,201,1960]" lastBlockId="50.[192,1388,201,1939]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
To the best of our knowledge, this new subspecies is currently only known from Taliabu in the Sula Archipelago. There, it inhabits disturbed situations (forest edge, bamboo thickets) mostly in the mountains, with the highest record at 1300m, but presumably ranging to the highest point at over 1400m (
|
||
<emphasis box="[570,698,1563,1593]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="F. E. Rheindt & D. M. Prawiradilaga & S. Suparno & H. Ashari & P. R. Wilton" box="[570,602,1563,1591]" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="61 - 90" part="41" refId="ref27737" refString="19. F. E. Rheindt, D. M. Prawiradilaga, S. Suparno, H. Ashari, P. R. Wilton, New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate. Treubia 41, 61 - 90 (2014)." title="New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate" type="journal article" year="2014">19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="F. E. Rheindt" box="[618,650,1563,1591]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="33 - 51" part="130" refId="ref29294" refString="48. F. E. Rheindt, New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 130, 33 - 51 (2010)." title="New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa" type="journal article" year="2010">48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="P. J. Davidson & T. Stones & R. S. Lucking" box="[666,698,1563,1591]" journalOrPublisher="Bird Conserv. Int." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 20" part="5" refId="ref30221" refString="64. P. J. Davidson, T. Stones, R. S. Lucking, The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia. Bird Conserv. Int. 5, 1 - 20 (1995). doi: 10.1017 / S 0959270900002926" title="The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia" type="journal article" year="1995">64</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). On other islands, mountain leaftoilers rarely range lower than ~500m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="J. A. Eaton & S. van Balen & N. W. Brickle & F. E. Rheindt" box="[445,477,1638,1666]" journalOrPublisher="Lynx Edicions" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref29850" refString="57. J. A. Eaton, S. van Balen, N. W. Brickle, F. E. Rheindt, Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. (Lynx Edicions, 2016)." title="Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea" type="book" year="2016">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,477,1638,1666]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">57</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but Rheindt (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="F. E. Rheindt" box="[672,704,1636,1664]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="33 - 51" part="130" refId="ref29294" refString="48. F. E. Rheindt, New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 130, 33 - 51 (2010)." title="New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,704,1636,1664]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">48</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) exceptionally recorded the new taxon on Taliabu from an extensive bamboo thicket at ~50m, demonstrating that this population may tolerate lower elevations. The presence of this leaftoiler on the other two main Sula islands, Mangole and Sanana, is likely, especially on the former, which rises to over 1,100m, but perhaps also on the latter, which reaches to a little over 600m. However, it has probably been overlooked owing to a lack of fieldwork at higher elevations on these two islands. On the Banggai Archipelago, the species is represented by another novel subspecies (see below) that replaces
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,290,348,376]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">sulanus</emphasis>
|
||
there. Its predilection for disturbed forest situations and wide elevational tolerance as compared to other insular mountain birds probably means that it is currently not of conservation concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[192,674,642,672]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[192,1388,201,1939]" box="[192,674,642,672]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
For a
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[267,540,642,670]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">taxonomic rationale</emphasis>
|
||
, see SM8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |