221 lines
27 KiB
XML
221 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="F566E90AB5B558D9AE0C943B764C6B28" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83a2de96-62fa-4ae7-88b2-e9a722a05412" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275002" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461095729721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penney, David" docDate="2009" docId="03F5879DFFFCFFF0FF60FBFBFBEEFED1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02144p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2144" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFCCFFE5FFFDFFF3FFF7FF8DFFFCFF8D" masterDocTitle="A new spider family record for Hispaniola — a new species of Plectreurys (Araneae: Plectreuridae) in Miocene Dominican amber" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698589140631" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F470C051B27FE7C3246A20BC7FE23ABF">A new spider family record for Hispaniola — a new species of Plectreurys (Araneae: Plectreuridae) in Miocene Dominican amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5232C1A0B16681495620A22B9A1B011E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9021C992B1A6E7A57058C11FB1880564">Penney, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2A06714A15B9D1FBD09879D63664F852">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AD6ED7FE39FFDB5E1FBD3D77AB36004C">
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<mods:date id="E08EE178132A4513123EFC45BDF4A0A4">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="98CEAF28A1F8E4A8E0DC8CBEC289B6BB">2144</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9C945BF53C27029A75818738FF109DE9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275002</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84585483A5E92BB3AAFBE7EE4CF97B8F" type="GBIF-Dataset">83a2de96-62fa-4ae7-88b2-e9a722a05412</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8F92AE43C4A9A9AAB6DDC460053B6BAB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="45A9F079F52B83A33795898A06134E62" type="Zenodo-Dep">275002</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5879DFFFCFFF0FF60FBFBFBEEFED1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6223973" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6223973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5879DFFFCFFF0FF60FBFBFBEEFED1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5879DFFFCFFF0FF60FBFBFBEEFED1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFEF0FB3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFDCCFB03" blockId="1.[151,560,1142,1200]" box="[151,560,1142,1166]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0AB81E7FFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFDCCFB03" bold="true" box="[151,560,1142,1166]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFDCCFB03" bold="true" box="[151,560,1142,1166]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFE33FB03" authority="Penney" authorityName="Penney" box="[151,463,1142,1166]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittfieldi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF60FBFBFE89FB03" bold="true" box="[151,373,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Plectreurys pittfieldi</emphasis>
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Penney
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57E2FFFCFFF2FE2CFBFBFDCCFB03" box="[475,560,1142,1166]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFCFFF2FF60FB14FEF0FB3D" blockId="1.[151,560,1142,1200]" box="[151,268,1177,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FF68FB14FEFFFB3D" box="[159,259,1177,1200]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFCFFF2FF60FB53FAA3FAB6" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFCFFF2FF60FB53FAA3FAB6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF60FB53FEF9FB7B" bold="true" box="[151,261,1246,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Embolus long, with a spatulate tip, and distinctly sickle-shaped with a clearly demarked basal region forming the ‘handle’ of the sickle. This basal region consists of a tight twist, without forming a loop. Tibia 1 with distal, strong retrolateral coupling spur and a long ventral spine just beyond the midpoint; metatarsus 1 with a distinct curvature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFCFFF2FF31FACBFF33F805" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFCFFF2FF31FACBFF33F805" blockId="1.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF31FACBFEB6FAD3" bold="true" box="[198,330,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Description</emphasis>
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: Male
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<typeStatus id="54E78829FFFCFFF2FE60FACBFE08FAD0" box="[407,500,1350,1373]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FDF4FACBFD98FAD0" box="[515,612,1350,1373]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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). Body length not measurable due to poor preservation of abdomen, but was presumably less than 4.0 mm in life. Carapace
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FD6EFAE4FD11FA0D" box="[665,749,1385,1408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FCC4FAE4FC7AFA0D" box="[819,902,1385,1408]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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wide, with rounded sides. The only other details visible are two contiguous lateral eyes on both sides. The median eyes cannot be resolved due to the poor preservation, but are presumed to have been present in the living animal. Similarly, details of the ventral prosoma (sternum, chelicerae, maxillae, etc.) are unclear and the abdomen is only partially preserved, with no features of note visible other than a fine covering of short setae. Relative order of leg length 1,4,2,3. Leg 1 femur (fe)
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FC0FFA79FBACF986" box="[1016,1104,1524,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
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, patella+tibia (pa+ti) 3.0 mm, metatarsus (mt)
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FEB4F99BFE6AF9A0" box="[323,406,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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, tarsus (ta) 1.0 mm, total
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FD54F99BFD0BF9A0" box="[675,759,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
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; leg 2 fe
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FCA1F99BFC55F9A0" box="[854,937,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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, pa+ti
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FC06F99BFBB8F9A0" box="[1009,1092,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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, mt
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FB86F99BFB38F9A0" box="[1137,1220,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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, ta
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FB10F99BFAC7F9A0" box="[1255,1339,1558,1581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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, total
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FA8CF99BFF38F9DD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
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; leg 3 fe
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FED1F9B4FE86F9DD" box="[294,378,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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, pa+ti
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FE34F9B4FDEBF9DD" box="[451,535,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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, mt
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FDB2F9B4FD65F9DD" box="[581,665,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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, ta
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FD49F9B4FCEEF9DD" box="[702,786,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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, total
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FCA4F9B4FC55F9DD" box="[851,937,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
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; leg 4 fe
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FBFDF9B4FBA3F9DD" box="[1034,1119,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, pa+ti
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||
<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FB50F9B4FB00F9DD" box="[1191,1276,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
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, mt
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FADDF9B4FA82F9DD" box="[1322,1406,1593,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, ta
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FF60F9D1FF17F9FE" box="[151,235,1628,1651]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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, total
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<quantity id="4CA49B6EFFFCFFF2FED9F9D1FE7FF9FE" box="[302,387,1628,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
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. Legs long and slender. True leg spines are difficult to differentiate from normal setae (
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FAD9F9D1FA72F9FE" box="[1326,1422,1628,1651]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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), although each femur appears to have at least two dorsal spines. Femur 1 also has three distal, prolateral spines. Tibia 1 with distal, strong retrolateral coupling spur on a distinct base, and a long ventral spine just beyond the midpoint (
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FAB9F92CFA72F935" box="[1358,1422,1697,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). There is also one basal prolateral spine and two basal retrolateral spines. The latter appear flattened (
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FB16F949FADDF956" box="[1249,1313,1732,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) but this is presumably as a result of compression during diagenesis. Metatarsus 1 distinctly curved (
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FBBFF96BFB74F970" box="[1096,1160,1766,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Tarsus with three claws. Paired claws with eleven teeth and unpaired claw with a single basal projection. Pedipalp without modified or enlarged segments, embolus long, with a spatulate tip, and distinctly sickle-shaped with a smooth curve and a clearly demarked basal region forming the ‘handle’ of the sickle. This basal region consists of a tight twist, without forming a loop (
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<figureCitation id="13672A0EFFFCFFF2FA9BF8C3FF3FF805" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,610,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Holotype male of Plectreurys pittfieldi Penney, sp. nov. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFCFFF2FF31F81EFCC9F87D" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFCFFF2FF31F81EFCC9F87D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<typeStatus id="54E78829FFFCFFF2FF31F81EFF00F826" box="[198,252,1939,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF31F81EFF00F826" bold="true" box="[198,252,1939,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Type</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<typeStatus id="54E78829FFFCFFF2FEFBF819FE93F826" box="[268,367,1940,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male in Miocene Dominican amber, held in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF31F83BFEBDF843" bold="true" box="[198,321,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Etymology</emphasis>
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: The specific epithet is after Connor Pittfield, at the request of the collector and donor, Keith Luzzi.
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFCFFF2FF31F854FEADF87C" bold="true" box="[198,337,2009,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Distribution</emphasis>
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: Miocene
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<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFCFFF2FE33F854FD5DF87D" box="[452,673,2009,2032]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
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amber forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFFFFF1FF31FF1AFC50FDA1" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFFFFF1FF31FF1AFC50FDA1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FF31FF1AFEC2FF22" bold="true" box="[198,318,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Discussion</emphasis>
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: This is the first fossil record of an extant plectreurid genus and only the second described fossil of the family. The new species belongs in the
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FDA6FF37FD6DFF5C" box="[593,657,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">tristis</emphasis>
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species group
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<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FCCFFF37FC89FF5C" box="[824,885,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFFFFF1FC8AFF37FBDBFF5C" author="Gertsch" box="[893,1063,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Gertsch, W. J. (1958) The spider family Plectreuridae. American Museum Novitates, 1920, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1958">Gertsch (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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, which is primarily distributed in
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<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFFFFF1FF60FF50FF15FF79" box="[151,233,221,244]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFFFFF1FEEAFF50FEA9FF79" box="[285,341,221,244]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is characterized by having longer, thinner legs and a considerably longer palpal embolus than the
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FF60FE8DFF0BFE9A" box="[151,247,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">castanea</emphasis>
|
||
species group, more common in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFFFFF1FD7FFE8DFD3DFE9A" box="[648,705,256,279]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Of the twelve species currently assigned to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FB3AFE8DFAF7FE9A" box="[1229,1291,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">tristis</emphasis>
|
||
group, seven are known from both males and females, three from females only and two from juveniles only (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFFFFF1FB38FEAFFA8EFEB4" author="Platnick" box="[1231,1394,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html" type="book" year="2009">Platnick 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the shape of the palpal bulb in the fossil, although similar in both cases, is quite dissimilar to the sub-spherical bulb present in all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFFFFF1FE7EFEE5FDA1FEF2" authority="Gertsch" authorityName="Gertsch" box="[393,605,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zacateca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FE7EFEE5FDFDFEF2" box="[393,513,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">P. zacateca</emphasis>
|
||
Gertsch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a more pear-shaped structure. However, it is highly likely that the bulb in the fossil species has undergone a similar distortion to the rest of the body as a result of the diagenetic processes mentioned above. Thus, determining the relationships of the new fossil species is somewhat difficult. However, considering the shape of the embolus, including the tight basal twist and spatulate tip,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFFFFF1FBC0FE5DFB51FE6A" box="[1079,1197,464,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittfieldi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FBC0FE5DFB51FE6A" box="[1079,1197,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">P. pittfieldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57E2FFFFFFF1FB43FE5DFAFBFE6A" box="[1204,1287,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appears to be most closely related to the Cuban species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFFFFF1FDA3FE7FFCBBFD84" authority="Franganillo" authorityName="Franganillo" box="[596,839,498,521]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FDA3FE7FFD3EFD84" box="[596,706,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">P. globosa</emphasis>
|
||
Franganillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differs by having the basal twist less tight and in having an additional second twist towards the embolus tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFFFFF1FCE7FD98FC5CFDA1" author="Alayon" box="[784,928,533,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Alayon, G. G. (1993) Redescripcion de Plectreurys globosus Franganillo (Araneae: Plectreuridae). Poeyana, 429, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1993">Alayón 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF236603FFFFFFF1FF60F8DCFE34F806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275003/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[161,1436,610,1840]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFFFFF1FF60F8DCFE34F806" blockId="2.[151,1436,1873,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FF60F8DCFEBFF8E4" bold="true" box="[151,323,1873,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFFFFF1FDFBF8DCFCC2F8E5" authority="Penney" authorityName="Penney" box="[524,830,1873,1896]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittfieldi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FDFBF8DCFD1BF8E5" box="[524,743,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Plectreurys pittfieldi</emphasis>
|
||
Penney
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57E2FFFFFFF1FCBEF8DCFC62F8E4" box="[841,926,1873,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FCBEF8DCFC62F8E4" bold="true" box="[841,926,1873,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, first walking leg; 4, pedipalp; 5, pedipalp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466500FFFFFFF0FF31F834FBEEFED1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3368BFFFFFFF0FF31F834FBEEFED1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1977,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,348]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFFFFF1FEE1F834FE6CF85D" ID-CoL="6SBT" box="[278,400,1977,2000]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFFFFF1FEE1F834FE6CF85D" box="[278,400,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Plectreurys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually found at ground level in arid habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFFFFF1FC3DF834FB9AF85D" author="Jimenez" box="[970,1126,1977,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Jimenez, M. - L. (2006) Description of the male of Plectreurys arida (Araneae: Plectreuridae). Journal of Arachnology, 34, 495 - 497." type="journal article" year="2006">Jiménez 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so the discovery of a new species in Dominican amber, which was produced in a moist tropical forest, is somewhat surprising, although the extant Cuban
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFEFFF0FF14FF15FEACFF22" ID-CoL="4K4QV" box="[227,336,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" genus="Plectreurys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA99FFFEFFF0FF14FF15FEACFF22" box="[227,336,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">P. globosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to favour humid conditions. When the fossil and extant Hispaniolan spider data are combined and compared, the overall pattern is suggestive of a South American origin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFEFFF0FC3AFF37FB9FFF5C" author="Penney" box="[973,1123,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Penney, D. (2008) Dominican Amber Spiders: a comparative palaeontological-neontological approach to identification, faunistics, ecology and biogeography. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 176 p." type="book" year="2008">Penney, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there will always be exceptions to the rule and it is important to consider origins on a taxon by taxon basis. The available data do not support a South American origin for Hispaniolan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFEFFF0FD46FE8DFCBFFE9A" ID-CoL="6263J" box="[689,835,256,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plectreuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This family probably reached Hispaniola from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFEFFF0FABDFE8DFA60FE9A" box="[1354,1436,256,279]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
via
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFEFFF0FF48FEAFFF00FEB4" box="[191,252,290,313]" name="Cuba" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is highly likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D08FFFEFFF0FE0CFEAFFD76FEB4" ID-CoL="6263J" box="[507,650,290,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Plectreuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plectreuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be discovered as an element of the extant Hispaniolan fauna in the future, especially given that they occur at the south-east tip of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B761BFFFEFFF0FCC7FEC8FC94FED1" box="[816,872,325,348]" name="Cuba" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B7AFFFEFFF0FC81FEC8FBFAFED1" author="Alayon" box="[886,1030,325,348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Alayon, G. G. (2003) Nueva especie de Plectreurys Simon (Araneae: Plectreuridae) de Cuba. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 7, 85 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">Alayón 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |