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<document id="B74CC2AEB9F011E14730C7C88AA2EEC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="3920" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5057.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d4b293d-e91c-447a-933a-43c1a4c17698" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5588188" ID-ZooBank="1AEA85F2-A937-4679-BE9A-044098FECE88" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634800167367" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tiang-Nga, Supatra, Sinev, Artem Y. &amp; Sanoamuang, Laorsri" docDate="2021" docId="03F58789B051FFADAEFDFF30CC0CF9DB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5057.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5057 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Karualona arcana Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="FFCCFFF1B053FFAEAE6AFFEFC95DFF8A" masterDocTitle="A new species of Karualona Dumont &amp; Silva-Briano, 2000 (Cladocera: Anomopoda Chydoridae: Aloninae) from Northeast Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="294" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="287" updateTime="1699464197656" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="035F21DAD3DFEFC04E422F15B2D459B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="734FAE504BEEDE12BEFC77FDD1C88629">
<mods:title id="0E9FAF94BE046373102047B8CC3A02AE">A new species of Karualona Dumont &amp; Silva-Briano, 2000 (Cladocera: Anomopoda Chydoridae: Aloninae) from Northeast Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B2A50502B3EC748713A89A85365D15FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64A0917BC8B2E9EAE7B54843A60A8A9C">
<mods:roleTerm id="A354E515207271C1DFACE3D29745750C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DC1545AB0D6CFA6887A009AD36FE1E7F">Tiang-Nga, Supatra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E586B85C436116D44670878B344BB54D">Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="EEA090ABFC45EF17F4F6F1C2A2EB3519">
<mods:roleTerm id="A113239AB17C94F3258A2A03990F1F78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A701D41F77EC7BC0E36B7940C8A0A193">Sinev, Artem Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F0F154670D800C812BBACDE3F4B06123">Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3368D63F9E3C4A81D89777DF43B39F3A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1AF33AF6E7521C09F03875FEEB940DC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CAC39332408A717AA4BCE3CF5D97EC1D">Sanoamuang, Laorsri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3AD24056F0DFFF88A53B560751AF1C08">Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. &amp; International College, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7FE146473339490C3D2A03224AADE2AE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C3996A9425EC2454AD2E4738F56E3960">
<mods:title id="63F45AA74234813FCFA2B560D0FF70DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1A29FC9D956516A39CBCCACF0496B6F2">
<mods:date id="39C62A32F96CC70D7D57888431E79C1A">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="870FB545DB5894ADC558D4D2D957F3A5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F7D642F7CC9627A678C18CD2F5C2D9E0">2021-10-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="086D6D2F065C1436FE35DD19A9E9CA07" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F3F73596F5497266805A447A24C2864C">5057</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="05A05E74D39D242AC9B580BA9613D37A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A676AEF110851A1A78E3EA800908F0FE">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="ACC6E7007F75B6BBA3CC8245AEC6E20B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="65C80E9518FCE01C6234B47279D50066" type="CLB-Dataset">3920</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6331E6236DC623B7A8AB9425E5D0B41A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5057.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="75CD69F8B1C5074C6A57E537C63A350D" type="GBIF-Dataset">8d4b293d-e91c-447a-933a-43c1a4c17698</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A612C08E681B8AA9B23D4E0B4F925EA3" type="ZooBank">1AEA85F2-A937-4679-BE9A-044098FECE88</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F58789B051FFADAEFDFF30CC0CF9DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592758" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189160175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592758" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F58789B051FFADAEFDFF30CC0CF9DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F58789B051FFADAEFDFF30CC0CF9DB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<subSubSection id="C3466514B051FFACAEFDFF30C886FF73" box="[151,475,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEFDFF30C886FF73" blockId="2.[151,475,223,285]" box="[151,475,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<heading id="D0AB81F3B051FFACAEFDFF30C886FF73" bold="true" box="[151,475,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEFDFF30C886FF73" bold="true" box="[151,475,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB051FFACAEFDFF30C82BFF73" authority="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2021" authorityName="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,374,223,250]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEFDFF30C82BFF73" bold="true" box="[151,374,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Karualona arcana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F6B051FFACAF17FF30C886FF73" box="[381,475,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B051FFACAEFDFEECC84FFE97" box="[151,274,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEFDFEECC84FFE97" blockId="2.[151,475,223,285]" box="[151,274,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAEF5FEECC854FE97" box="[159,265,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B051FFACAEFDFEA4C982FE00" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEFDFEA4C982FE00" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEFDFEA4C843FEEF" bold="true" box="[151,286,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name “
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB051FFACAC6AFEA3CB13FEEF" authorityName="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2021" box="[512,590,332,357]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAC6AFEA3CB13FEEF" box="[512,590,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">arcana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (Latin for “
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAC88FEA3CA06FEEF" box="[738,859,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">mysterious</emphasis>
”) refers to both its rarity and its unclear taxonomic status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B051FFACAEADFE7CC870FD23" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFE7CCA8EFE5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFE7CC83BFE27" bold="true" box="[199,358,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B343CC2B051FFACAF06FE7CCA92FE5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391161302" collectingDate="2012-06-24" collectorName="The &amp; S. Tiang-nga" country="Thailand" elevation="155" location="Seka District" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="155" stateProvince="Bueng Kan">
A rice field in
<location id="8E836044B051FFACAC64FE7CCBFEFE27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F58789B051FFADAEFDFF30CC0CF9DB:8E836044B051FFACAC64FE7CCBFEFE27" box="[526,675,403,429]" country="Thailand" name="Seka District" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Bueng Kan">Seka District</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4998F87DB051FFACACC4FE7BCAC4FE27" box="[686,921,403,430]" country="Thailand" name="Bueng Kan" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Bueng Kan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B760FB051FFACADCEFE7CCD57FE27" box="[932,1034,403,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 18°09᾿34.04” N, 103°53᾿58.85” E,
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD16B051FFACAEFDFE58C9B4FE5B" box="[151,233,439,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB051FFACAEFDFE58C9B8FE5B" box="[151,229,439,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="155.0">
<elevation id="0071D1ACB051FFACAEFDFE58C9B8FE5B" box="[151,229,439,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.
<collectorName id="26A95349B051FFACAF4AFE58C811FE5B" box="[288,332,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">The</collectorName>
animals were collected by
<collectorName id="26A95349B051FFACAC17FE58CA51FE5B" box="[637,780,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">S. Tiang-nga</collectorName>
on
<date id="FFE2105FB051FFACAD5CFE58CA92FE5B" box="[822,975,439,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="2012-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E9B7B051FFACAD5CFE58CA92FE5B" box="[822,975,439,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="2012-06-24">24 June 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFE34C809FD93" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<materialsCitation id="3B343CC2B051FFACAEADFE34C809FD93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391161301" collectionCode="ZMMU" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFE34C866FE7F" bold="true" box="[199,315,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<typeStatus id="54E7883DB051FFACAEADFE34C86BFE7F" box="[199,310,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
A parthenogenetic female from the type locality, deposited in the collection of
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE5AB051FFACAAA0FE33CC79FE7C" box="[1226,1316,476,502]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
, accession number Ml–249.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFDCCC8D7FDE8" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<materialsCitation id="3B343CC2B051FFACAEADFDCCC8DBFDE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391161303" collectionCode="ZMMU" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFDCCC81BFDB7" bold="true" box="[199,326,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<typeStatus id="54E7883DB051FFACAEADFDCCC81CFDB7" box="[199,321,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Four parthenogenetic females from the type locality, deposited in the collection of
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE5AB051FFACAA9BFDCBCC16FDB4" box="[1265,1355,548,574]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
, accession number Ml–250
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFD84C870FD23" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
Seven parthenogenetic females from the
<typeStatus id="54E7883DB051FFACACE5FD83CBE2FD0C" box="[655,703,620,646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">type</typeStatus>
locality were dissected for the analysis of appendages or used for SEM studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B051FFADAEADFD5CCA1DFB63" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFD5CCC17FC43" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFD5CCBDCFD47" bold="true" box="[199,641,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Description. Parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
In lateral view, body moderately compressed laterally, low oval in juveniles (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAE9DFD38C832FD7B" box="[247,367,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
) and moderately high oval in adults (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAD72FD38CAC0FD7B" box="[792,925,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACADC3FD38CAACFD7B" box="[937,1009,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">2A–B</figureCitation>
). Maximum height at middle of body. Dorsal margin convex, posterodorsal and posteroventral angles broadly rounded. Posterior margin convex, ventral margin almost straight, anteroventral angle rounded. Ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACADF1FCF0CAB2FCB3" box="[923,1007,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) with about 40 setae, 10 anterior setae long, next 10 setae very short, posterior 20 setae of moderate length, increasing in length posteriorly. Posteroventral angle (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF7AFC88C831FC0B" box="[272,364,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF13FC88C8C7FC0B" box="[377,410,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">2C</figureCitation>
) with 3–4 denticles with wide bases, width of denticle base greater than its length, distance between denticles 3 times greater than the width of denticle base. A row of about 70 short setules on inner side of carapace along posterior margin. Carapace covered by moderately thick, sparsely spaced longitudinal lines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFC3CCC35FB98" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFC3CC859FC67" box="[199,260,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Head</emphasis>
relatively small, triangle-round in lateral view; rostrum short, pointing downward. Eye larger than ocellus. Distance from the tip of rostrum to the ocellus 1.5 times greater than that between the ocellus and the eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFBF4CAC6FB4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFBF4C80DFBBF" box="[199,336,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Head shield</emphasis>
with maximum width behind mandibular articulation, with tubercular sculpture. Rostrum short, broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF34FBD0C8E8FBD3" box="[350,437,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of head shield straight. Two narrowly connected main head pores (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAB05FBD0C9E5FBF7" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), PP about 1.5 IP. Lateral head pores located at about 0.5 IP distance from midline, at the level of anterior and middle main head pore. Dorsal midline of valves behind the head shield with dorsal pore in shape of two apertures in a small depression, located at about 0.5 IP from midline (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAD5EFB44CAD2FB4F" box="[820,911,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFB20CD3DFABB" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFB20C87DFB63" box="[199,288,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Labrum</emphasis>
relatively large (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAFB1FB20CB3CFB63" box="[475,609,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1G–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAC01FB20CBECFB63" box="[619,689,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">2D–E</figureCitation>
). Labral keel of moderate width (height/width ratio about 1.5), with a rounded or blunt apex, with well-developed lateral indentations. Anterior margin of keel convex, with about 10 very short setules in upper third (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAC60FAF8CB3DFABB" box="[522,608,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), posterior margin without clusters of setules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFAD4C818FAF3" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFAD4C845FADF" box="[199,280,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Thorax</emphasis>
two times longer than abdomen. Dorsal surface of abdominal segments not saddle-shaped. No abdominal projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADFA6CCBFFF8C7" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADFA6CC802FA17" box="[199,351,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Postabdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF04FA6CC8BAFA17" box="[366,487,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1I–K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF98FA6CCB6FFA17" box="[498,562,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">3C–F</figureCitation>
) short, of moderate width, with strongly convex postanal margin, strongly concave anal margin, and distal angle broadly rounded. Maximum height at middle of postanal portion. Length about 2.2–2.4 height. Ventral margin convex. Basis of claws bordered from distal margin by clear incision. Distal margin convex. Dorsal margin with distal part about 1.5 times longer than preanal one; postanal and anal portions of similar length. Preanal angle well defined, postanal angle not defined (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACADEAF9FCCA85F9A7" box="[896,984,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Preanal margin sigmoid. Postabdomen with 7–8 groups of short elementary denticles; distal 3–4 groups consisting of single denticle only, in other groups 2–4 denticles, followed by 3–4 clusters of setules (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACACA1F9B4CA44F9FF" box="[715,793,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
). Length of marginal denticles decreasing in size distally; denticles at preanal angle being longest, of about width of postabdominal claw base. About 10 lateral groups of setules; in 5–6 postanal groups distalmost setules with very long and thick, much thicker than others, 2–2.5 times longer than marginal denticles. Number of setules in group increases from
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB051FFACADB8F928CD44F96B" box="[978,1049,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
distalmost groups to
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anal ones. Postabdominal claw (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAFADF904CB77F88F" box="[455,554,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAC5FF904CB09F88F" box="[565,596,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">3F</figureCitation>
) weakly curved, of moderate length, slightly shorter than preanal portion of postabdomen. Basal spine short, straight, and thin, about 0.15 length of claw. Some specimens with two very small spinules between basal spine and base of claw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFACAEADF8B8CC6FF81F" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADF8B8C864F8FB" box="[199,313,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Antennule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF20F8B8C8F0F8FB" box="[330,429,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAFD6F8B8C881F8FB" box="[444,476,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">2E</figureCitation>
) of moderate size. Length/width ratio about 3. Antennular sensory seta slender, 2.5 times shorter than antennule, arising at about 2/3 distance from base. Nine terminal aesthetascs (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAAA4F894CC78F81F" box="[1230,1317,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, lateral view. C, posteroventral angle of valves. D, labrum. E, rostrum, terminal aesthetascs of antennule, and labrum (arrow indicates row of setules on anterior margin). F, head pores. G, posterior dorsal pore behind the head shield. Scale bar 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.02 mm for C–D; 0.01 mm for E–F; 0.0005 mm for G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588192/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB051FFADAEADF870CB1BFE97" blockId="2.[151,1437,331,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB051FFACAEADF870C879F833" box="[199,292,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAF5CF870C8FDF833" box="[310,416,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB051FFACAFC4F870C8AFF833" box="[430,498,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">3A–B</figureCitation>
) short. Antennal formula, setae 0–0–3/1–1–3, spines 1–0–1/0–0–1. Basipodite robust, branches short and stout. Basal segments of both branches 1.5 times longer than middle and apical segments. Seta arising from basal segment of endopodite thin, shorter than endopodite. Seta arising from middle segment of endopodite of same size with shortest apical setae. Both apical segments with one shorter and two longer setae of similar thickness. Spine on basal segment of exopodite of similar length with middle segment. Spine from apical segments longer than apical segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFEC8CB6BFECB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,566,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFEC8C843FECB" box="[199,286,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Maxilla</emphasis>
process with single seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFEA4CBEBFEEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,694,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFEA4C82DFEEF" box="[199,368,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Thoracic limbs</emphasis>
: five pairs (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF9DFEA4CB25FEEF" box="[503,632,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Figs. 1N–T</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADACEEFEA4CBF4FEEF" box="[644,681,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Karualona arcana sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy of adult parthenogenetic females from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, antenna. C–D, postabdomen. E, the anal portion of the postabdomen. F, postabdominal claw. G, thoracic limbs. Scale bar 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G; 0.02 mm for B, E–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588194/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFE80C842FDEB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFE80C84CFE02" box="[199,273,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Limb I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF4BFE80C8C6FE03" box="[289,411,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1N–O</figureCitation>
) of moderate size. Epipodite oval, with long process two times longer than epipodite itself. Accessory seta short, about 1/3 length of ODL seta. IDL with two setae, seta 1 not found. Seta 3 as long as ODL seta, seta 2 1.5 times shorter than seta 3, both armed with long thick setules, evenly decreasing in size posteriorly. Endite 3 with four setae, inner seta (1) much smaller than setae a–c. Endite 2 with seta d as long as setae of endite 3, seta e long, almost as long as limb itself, seta f about 2/3 length of seta e. Endite 1 with three setae. No inner setae (2–3) and sensillae on endites 1 and 2. Five rows of thin long setules on ventral face of limb. Two ejector hooks of similar size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFD84CD89FD23" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFD84C846FD0E" box="[199,283,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Limb II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF43FD84C826FD0F" box="[297,379,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1P</figureCitation>
). Exopodite elongated, without seta. Eight scraping spines armed with thin setules, decreasing in length basally. Distal armature of gnathobase with four elements. Filter plate with seven setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFD5CCD46FCB3" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFD5CC878FD46" box="[199,293,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Limb III</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF5FFD5CC8D2FD47" box="[309,399,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1Q</figureCitation>
). Epipodite oval, without process. Exopodite subrectangular, with 6 setae. Seta 3 being longest, setae 4 and 5 of moderate length, seta 5 longer than seta 4, setae 1, 2, and 6 short. Setae 1–3 plumose; seta
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAB18FD38CCC1FD7B" box="[1394,1436,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
basal portion unilaterally armed with very long setules, in distal portion plumose; seta 5 bilaterally armed with thick long setules in distal portion; seta 6 naked. Inner portion of the limb not studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFCACCCC5FB9B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFCACC87CFCD6" box="[199,289,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Limb IV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF5AFCACC8FBFCD7" box="[304,422,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1R–S</figureCitation>
). Preepipodite setulated; epipodite oval, with process as long as epipodite itself. Exopodite irregularly rounded, with 6 setae. Seta 1–3 long; seta 5 about 1/2 length of seta 1; seta 4 about 1/3 length of seta 1; seta 6 extremely short. Setae 1–4 flattened, plumose; seta 5 unilaterally armed with long setules in distal portion; seta 6 naked. Inner lobe of limb IV with 3 setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADACA1FC40CA42FC43" box="[715,799,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1S</figureCitation>
). Distalmost seta (1) slender, sharp; flaming-torch setae (2–3) with broad basal portion, armed with 6–7 thin setules each. Sensillum slightly small. Three soft setae (a–c) increasing in size basally. Gnathobase with 2-segmented seta, and a small hillock distally. Filter plate with 5 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFBF4CDDEFBF7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFBF4C846FBBE" box="[199,283,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Limb V</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1AB050FFADAF46FBF4C8DEFBBF" box="[300,387,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,188,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[164,1423,179,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Karualona arcana sp. nov. from a rice field, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. A–B, juvenile females, lateral view. C–D, adult parthenogenetic females, lateral view. E, ventral margin of valves. F, posteroventral angle, and posterior margin of valves. G–H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, postanal margin of postabdomen. K, postabdominal claw. L, antennule. M, antenna. N–O, limb I. P, distal scrapers of limb II. Q, exopodite of limb III. R, exopodite of limb IV. S, the inner portion of limb IV. T, exopodite of limb V." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5588190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5588190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1T</figureCitation>
). Preepipodite setulated, epipodite oval with process longer than epipodite itself. Exopodite oval, not divided into two lobes, with four plumose setae; setae decreasing in size basally. Inner limb portion as a rounded lobe, with setulated inner margin. At inner face, two setae. Filter plate not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFB69CBD5FB2B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,648,1158,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFB69C8CEFB2A" bold="true" box="[199,403,1158,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ephippial female</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAFA0FB68CB56FB2B" bold="true" box="[458,523,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFB45CA1DFB63" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFB45C9A3FB4E" bold="true" box="[199,254,1194,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Size.</emphasis>
In juvenile females, length
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAC5CFB44CB86FB4F" box="[566,731,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.30 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAD5EFB44CA84FB4F" box="[820,985,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.20 mm</quantity>
. In adult females, length
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAA99FB45CCC5FB4F" box="[1267,1432,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.41 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAE8EFB21C8D7FB63" box="[228,394,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="0.235" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.25 mm</quantity>
. Height/length ratio
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAC1AFB21CBB2FB63" box="[624,751,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5875" metricValueMax="1.651" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="in" value="0.625" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.65 in</quantity>
adults.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B050FFADAEADFB1DCB82FAF3" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFB1DCB82FAF3" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFB1DC893FA86" bold="true" box="[199,462,1266,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAFBEFB1CCBFFFA86" authority="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2021" authorityName="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2021" box="[468,674,1267,1293]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAFBEFB1CCBFFFA86" box="[468,674,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Karualona arcana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADACC3FB1CCA5EFA87" bold="true" box="[681,771,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F6B050FFADACC3FB1CCA5EFA87" box="[681,771,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from all other species of the genus in the absence of IDL seta 1, in the shape of the postabdomen, in the apical setae of the antenna endopodite being of equal thickness, in the presence of setules on the anterior margin of the labral keel, and in reduced seta 6 on the exopodite of limb IV. These characteristics are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6DE0324B050FFADACEFFAB0CB84FAF3" box="[645,729,1375,1401]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[163,1383,226,1181]" captionText="TABLE 1. Different characteristics between Karualona arcana sp. nov., genera Karualona, Anthalona, and Coron- atella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF236617B054FFA9AEFDFF78C986FF59" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" tableUuid="DF236617B054FFA9AEFDFF78C986FF59">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466514B050FFADAEADFA6DCC0CF9DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE3369FB050FFADAEADFA6DCC0CF9DB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAEADFA6DC8ACFA17" bold="true" box="[199,497,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAF9DFA6CCB98FA16" authority="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2021" authorityName="Tiang-Nga &amp; Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2021" box="[503,709,1411,1437]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAF9DFA6CCB98FA16" box="[503,709,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Karualona arcana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADACA6FA6CCA78FA17" bold="true" box="[716,805,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F6B050FFADACA6FA6CCA78FA17" box="[716,805,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has so far only been found in
<collectingCountry id="F34B760FB050FFADAA1BFA6CCD85FA17" box="[1137,1240,1411,1437]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. This species was collected from a single locality, a rice field in
<collectingRegion id="4998F87DB050FFADACF5FA48CAD1FA4B" box="[671,908,1447,1473]" country="Thailand" name="Bueng Kan" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Bueng Kan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B760FB050FFADADF2FA48CAA1FA4B" box="[920,1020,1447,1473]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Thailand</collectingCountry>
during the rainy season. The water’s properties at the time of sampling were as follows: temperature, 26 °C; pH, 5.64; electrical conductivity, 87 µS
<superScript id="7C299BD7B050FFADAB0FFA24CCC9FA52" attach="left" box="[1381,1428,1482,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">cm-1</superScript>
; total dissolved solids,
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAFFBFA00C885F983" box="[401,472,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mg" value="42.0">42 mg</quantity>
L-
<superScript id="7C299BD7B050FFADAF9DFA01C8A3FA76" attach="right" box="[503,510,1518,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">1</superScript>
; and dissolved oxygen,
<quantity id="4CA49B7AB050FFADAD65FA00CA00F983" box="[783,861,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mg" value="7.2">7.2 mg</quantity>
L-
<superScript id="7C299BD7B050FFADAD16FA01CADEFA76" attach="right" box="[892,899,1518,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">1</superScript>
. We also found common species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAB72FA00CC22F983" authorityName="Dybowski &amp; Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey" authorityYear="1967" box="[1304,1407,1519,1545]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aloninae">Aloninae</taxonomicName>
in the region, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAF22F9FCCB3CF9A7" authority="(King, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="King" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[328,609,1554,1581]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karua">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAF22F9FCC83FF9A6" box="[328,354,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">K.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAFE3F9FCC897F9A7" box="[393,458,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">karua</emphasis>
(King, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAC06F9FCCD4DF9A7" authority="(Sars, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[620,1040,1555,1581]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Coronatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticostata">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAC06F9FCCADCF9A6" box="[620,897,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Coronatella acuticostata</emphasis>
(Sars, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAA73F9FCC8C2F9DB" authority="harti Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011" authorityName="harti Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont" authorityYear="2011" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="harti" subSpecies="harti">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAA73F9FCCC5BF9A7" box="[1049,1286,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Anthalona harti harti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B6EB050FFADAB66F9FCC8C2F9DB" author="Van Damme, K. &amp; Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Dumont, H. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref6683" refString="Van Damme, K., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Dumont, H. J. (2011) Separation of Anthalona gen. n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 2875 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2875.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAFC3F9D8CAF1F9DB" authority="(Guerne &amp; Richard, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Guerne &amp; Richard" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[425,940,1591,1617]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Ovalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAFC3F9D8CB23F9DB" box="[425,638,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ovalona cambouei</emphasis>
(Guerne &amp; Richard, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D1CB050FFADAD89F9D8CC10F9DB" authority="(King, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="King" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[995,1357,1590,1617]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Leberis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphanus">
<emphasis id="B928EA8DB050FFADAD89F9D8CDEEF9DB" box="[995,1203,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Leberis diaphanus</emphasis>
(King, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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