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<document id="DA5B27747890E8E7EC86BEE07749E50B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.186.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5146899" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627604949520" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vuong, Duy Hung &amp; Xia, Nian-He" docDate="2014" docId="03897A1DFFEF535A24CDF9DCFF33AC96" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.186.1.029-041.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 186 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Castanopsis grandicicatricata N. H. Xia &amp; D. H. Vuong 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFB00265FFED535F2445FFA8FF8EA867" masterDocTitle="Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1699030455338" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="ACD2483E618C13FB04D624D8D93632E7">Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EA015C9E52565004DBCE89E85971E6F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A5D10E276C5B337ED88C0F33878BEF15">Vuong, Duy Hung</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6D445F2BC912C3FE2D5EB053F8216E6">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China. &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. &amp; Vietnam Forestry University, Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: duyhungfuv @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8D0472260775F71B288B2AF53DEE3D2">Xia, Nian-He</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B8BEFF8914AA267310B32F446246954">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9AA7D87434841E1A7FFFDE692D1BE5C9">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72E12A66F98C3B9B9A3B2185684AC45A">2014</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C33A9880FFEF535D24CDF9DCFC64AEE9" box="[136,1002,1652,1679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFEF535D24CDF9DCFC64AEE9" blockId="2.[136,1002,1652,1679]" box="[136,1002,1652,1679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0D77C67FFEF535D24CDF9DCFC64AEE9" box="[136,1002,1652,1679]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFEF535D24CDF9DCFC86AEE8" ID-CoL="RNZD" authority="N. H. Xia &amp; D. H. Vuong" authorityName="N. H. Xia &amp; D. H. Vuong" authorityYear="2014" box="[136,776,1652,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D24CDF9DCFE6EAEE8" bold="true" box="[136,480,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Castanopsis grandicicatricata</emphasis>
N. H. Xia &amp; D. H. Vuong
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D2756F9DDFCE6AEE9" box="[787,872,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267AA62FFEF535D2756F9DDFCE6AEE9" box="[787,872,1653,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131BD78EFFEF535D2732F9DCFC4AAEE9" box="[887,964,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[225,1372,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[178,1410,175,1953]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A. Leafy branch with infructescences; B. Male flower; C. Spines; D. Longitudinal section of cupule; E. Nut: side view; F. Nut: top view; G. Nut: bottom view. [Drawn by D. H. Cui based on D. H. Vuong 2011082701 (A, CG) and D. H. Vuong 2011082804 (B)]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5146901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5146901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131BD78EFFEF535D2797F9DCFC6FAEE9" box="[978,993,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,175,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1435,175,1723]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A. Habit; B. Leafy branch with infructescence; C. Stipules; D. Leafy branch with male inflorescences; E. Male flowers; F. Cupules; G. Spines; H. Longitudinal section of cupule; I. Nut: side view; J. Nut: top view (Photos: D. H. Vuong)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5146903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5146903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A9880FFEF535D24CDF917FB34AE9D" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFEF535D24CDF917FB34AE9D" blockId="2.[136,1452,1727,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D24CDF917FE85AEB2" bold="true" box="[136,267,1727,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFEF535D2661F968FD7CAEB2" authorityName="A. de Candolle" baseAuthorityName="Blume" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[548,754,1728,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D2661F968FD7CAEB2" box="[548,754,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Castanopsis javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs mainly in its cupules
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in diameter (vs.
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), scar covering 2/3 of nut (vs. scar covering 1/41/3 of nut) and thickly papery leaf texture (vs. thickly leathery).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D24CDF884FF4CAF26" bold="true" box="[136,194,1836,1857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B48C156FFEF535D249EF884FC4AAF01" collectingDate="2011-08-27" collectionCode="H, VNF, IBSC, VNM" collectorName="D. H. Vuong" country="Vietnam" elevation="300" latitude="18.68361" location="Thanh Chuong Protection Forest" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.153336" municipality="Thanh Chuong District" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nghe An" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F3378B9BFFEF535D249EF884FEC2AF26" box="[219,332,1836,1857]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49E405E9FFEF535D2511F884FE22AF26" box="[340,428,1836,1858]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Nghe An</collectingRegion>
:
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,
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,
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,
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, ca.
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFDA1423FFEF535D210FF884FF60AF02" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" value="2011-08-27">27 August 2011</collectingDate>
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,
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D.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9541719FFEF535D256FF8F8FEA0AF02" box="[298,302,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">.</emphasis>
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2011082701
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED3153CEFFEF535D2611F8F8FD02AF02" box="[596,652,1872,1893]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/merb-e6y6" name="Vietnam Forestry Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">VNF</collectionCode>
!; isotypes
<collectionCode id="ED3153CEFFEF535D26A8F8F8FCA7AF02" box="[749,809,1872,1893]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15606" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15606" name="South China Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">IBSC</collectionCode>
!,
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!,
<collectionCode id="ED3153CEFFEF535D273FF8F8FC35AF01" box="[890,955,1872,1894]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tj07-dt2h" name="Institute of Tropical Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">VNM</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFEF535A24CDF83DFA2FA966" blockId="2.[136,1452,1940,2075]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
Trees,
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tall, to
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in diameter; bark greyish brown, slightly shallowly fissured; young shoots sericeous with thick reddish brown thin-walled peltate trichomes; terminal buds, stipules and rachis of inflorescences grayish brown puberulent; branchlets sparsely tufted hairs, second-year branches glabrescent, with scattered small whitish lenticels. Stipules lanceolate, recurved, 36 ×
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFEF535D2653F7A8FDFAA07C" box="[534,628,2048,2075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
, caducous. Petiole
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFEF535D2701F7A8FC2CA07C" box="[836,930,2048,2075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">48 mm</quantity>
, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate elliptic, 815 ×
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE9535B2649F8F0FDECAF14" box="[524,610,1880,1907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">46 cm</quantity>
, thickly papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with tight layers of yellowish brown thin-walled peltate trichomes, often grayish with age, without non-glandular trichomes, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex cuspidate or acute; midvein adaxially raised or slightly flat; secondary veins 812 on each side of midvein. Male spikelets
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE9535B266DF86CFD07AFB8" box="[552,649,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">812 cm</quantity>
long; male flowers solitary or in fascicles of 24, perianth 5(6)-lobed, stamens 10(12). Infructescences
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE9535B2641F840FDEAA064" box="[516,612,2024,2051]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">510 cm</quantity>
long; rachis
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thick, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule globose,
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in diameter, base stipitate,
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long, inside brown appressed tomentose, wall ca.
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thick, outside wall completely covered by spines; spines straight,
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long, glabrescent, base connate in to tree-like branched bundles,
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long, sparsely puberulent or glabrescent. Nut 1 per cupule, rounded and depressed on both sides, 1.41.7 ×
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, basal 2/3 part of the nut adnate to the cupule, the free part sparsely yellowish brown appressed tomentose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5F9B83FFEE535C24CDF819FE27A077" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5146901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5146901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5146901/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" startId="3.[136,229,1969,1991]" targetBox="[225,1372,195,1948]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFEE535C24CDF819FE27A077" blockId="3.[136,1452,1969,2064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEE535C24CDF819FF70AFA1" bold="true" box="[136,254,1969,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFEE535C2541F81AFDA9AFA1" box="[260,551,1969,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEE535C2541F81AFDA9AFA1" box="[260,551,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Castanopsis grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Leafy branch with infructescences; B. Male flower; C. Spines; D. Longitudinal section of cupule; E. Nut: side view; F. Nut: top view; G. Nut: bottom view. [Drawn by D. H. Cui based on
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEE535C206BF87EFAACAF8C" box="[1070,1314,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">D. H. Vuong 2011082701</emphasis>
(A, CG) and
<emphasis id="B9541719FFEE535C24CDF852FEF2A068" box="[136,380,2042,2063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">D. H. Vuong 2011082804</emphasis>
(B)]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F9B83FFE9535B24CDF964FF7AAF4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5146903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5146903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5146903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" startId="4.[136,229,1740,1762]" targetBox="[151,1435,175,1723]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE9535B24CDF964FF7AAF4E" blockId="4.[136,1452,1740,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE9535B24CDF964FE8FAE86" bold="true" box="[136,257,1740,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE9535B254FF964FDBFAE86" box="[266,561,1740,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE9535B254FF964FDBFAE86" box="[266,561,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Castanopsis grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit; B. Leafy branch with infructescence; C. Stipules; D. Leafy branch with male inflorescences; E. Male flowers; F. Cupules; G. Spines; H. Longitudinal section of cupule; I. Nut: side view; J. Nut: top view (Photos: D. H. Vuong).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33A9880FFE8535A24F8FEA2FEBCAA9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FEA2FB28AA46" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FEA2FE60A943" bold="true" box="[189,494,266,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A264FFEA3FD7EA943" box="[522,752,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A264FFEA3FD7EA943" box="[522,752,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from two localities: one in Central
<collectingCountry id="F3378B9BFFE8535A20BBFEA2FAD3A943" box="[1278,1373,266,292]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E405E9FFE8535A2128FEA2FE96A92F" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Nghe An province</collectingRegion>
, Thanh Chuong Protection Forest), near the border with
<collectingCountry id="F3378B9BFFE8535A27E6FE87FC57A92E" box="[931,985,303,329]" name="Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Laos</collectingCountry>
and another in North
<collectingCountry id="F3378B9BFFE8535A209CFE86FAB6A92F" box="[1241,1336,302,328]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E405E9FFE8535A210DFE86FF63A90B" country="Vietnam" name="Phu Tho" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Phu Tho province</collectingRegion>
, Xuan Son National Park). In Thanh Chuong Protection Forest,
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A2799FEFBFB4AA90B" box="[988,1220,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A2799FEFBFB4AA90B" box="[988,1220,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in evergreen broad-leaved forest on the slope or valley of mountains and occurs commonly as a codominant together with some
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A24CDFE32FE1DA9D3" box="[136,403,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24CDFE32FE81A9D3" box="[136,271,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
(Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A2588FE32FD1FA9D3" box="[461,657,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
species, between
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50
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</quantity>
. In Xuan Son National Park, this species sparsely appears in evergreen broad-leaved forest on the valley of limestone mountains at the elevation of
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A2163FE16FA29A9BE" box="[1318,1447,446,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">400500 m</quantity>
, and usually associates with some species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A26FAFE4BFB56A99B" authority="Hickel &amp; A. Camus (1928: 122)" authorityName="Hickel &amp; A. Camus" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1928" box="[703,1240,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="choboensis">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A26FAFE4BFCD3A99B" box="[703,861,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. choboensis</emphasis>
Hickel &amp; A. Camus (1928: 122)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A20A3FE4AFD77AA46" authority="(Lecomte 1913: 107) Airy-Shaw (1940: 75)" authorityName="Airy-Shaw" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Lecomte" baseAuthorityPageNumber="107" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Caryodaphnopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A20A3FE4AFE88AA47" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A2551FDAEFE7FAA47" author="Lecomte, H." box="[276,497,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="43 - 119" refId="ref6566" refString="Lecomte, H. (1913) Lauracees de Chine et d'Indo-Chine. Nouvelles archives du museum d'histoire naturelle 5 (5): 43 - 119." type="journal article" year="1913">Lecomte 1913: 107</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A25BAFDAEFD77AA46" author="Airy-Shaw, H. K." box="[511,761,518,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="74 - 77" refId="ref5324" refString="Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1940) Notes on Two Asiatic Genera of Lauraceae. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1940 (2): 74 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4111844" type="journal article" year="1940">Airy-Shaw (1940: 75)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A2741FDAFFBA4AA47" authority="Pierre (1899" authorityName="Pierre" authorityYear="1899" box="[772,1066,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Saraca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dives">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A2741FDAFFC1AAA47" box="[772,916,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Saraca dives</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A27DEFDAEFBA4AA47" author="Pierre, J. B. L." box="[923,1066,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="385 - 400" refId="ref6901" refString="Pierre, J. B. L. (1899) Flore forestiere de la Cochinchine 4 (fasc. 25). Octave Doin, Paris, pl. 385 - 400. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61558" type="book chapter" year="1899">Pierre (1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 386B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FD82FAFAAAD7" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FD82FEE9AA23" bold="true" box="[189,359,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Conservation:</emphasis>
—Populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A2604FD83FCBEAA23" box="[577,816,554,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A2604FD83FCBEAA23" box="[577,816,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been conserved very well at Thanh Chuong Protection Forest and Xuan Son National Park. According to IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A2156FDE6FA11AA0F" author="IUCN" box="[1299,1439,590,616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refId="ref6465" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available from: http: // jr. iucnredlist. org / documents / redlist _ cats _ crit _ en. pdf (accessed 2 May 2013)" type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A24CDFDDBFEFEAAEB" box="[136,368,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24CDFDDBFEFEAAEB" box="[136,368,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as Data Deficient (DD) because of not having adequate information of biological and ecological characteristics and extent of the habitat of this species. Supplement research is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FD12FEBCAA9E" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FD12FECDAAB3" bold="true" box="[189,323,698,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Its flowering period extends from August to September and fruiting from August to October of the following year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A9880FFE8535A24F8FCAAFF33AC96" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FCAAFC4AAB7A" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" box="[189,964,770,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FCAAFEC6AB7B" bold="true" box="[189,328,770,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to the nut having a big scar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FC8EFA93ABEF" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<typeStatus id="549B75A9FFE8535A24F8FC8EFEB7AB27" box="[189,313,806,832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
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.
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:
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,
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,
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D.
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2011082804
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(
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!,
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!)
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B48C156FFE8535A2048FCE2FC59ABEF" collectingDate="2012-10-23" collectionCode="H" country="Vietnam" elevation="459" latitude="21.13245" location="Xuan Son National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.952965" municipality="Tan Son District" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phu Tho" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="49E405E9FFE8535A2048FCE2FBE1AB03" box="[1037,1135,842,868]" country="Vietnam" name="Phu Tho" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Phu Tho</collectingRegion>
:
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,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="000D2C38FFE8535A263BFCC6FD49ABEE" box="[638,711,878,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.59" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="459.0">459 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF9EEDCBFFE8535A2696FCC6FC1CABEF" box="[723,914,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" value="2012-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EFDA1423FFE8535A2696FCC6FC1CABEF" box="[723,914,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" value="2012-10-23">23 October 2012</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A27D8FCC7FC59ABEF" box="[925,983,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
D.
<collectionCode id="ED3153CEFFE8535A27FAFCC7FC59ABEF" box="[959,983,879,904]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A2792FCC7FC55ABEF" box="[983,987,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B48C156FFE8535A27A4FCC7FA94ABEF" box="[993,1306,878,904]" collectionCode="VNF" country="Vietnam" location="Vuong" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phu Tho" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A27A4FCC7FB35ABEF" box="[993,1211,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<location id="8EFF9DD0FFE8535A27A4FCC7FBA6ABEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03897A1DFFEF535A24CDF9DCFF33AC96:8EFF9DD0FFE8535A27A4FCC7FBA6ABEF" box="[993,1064,879,904]" country="Vietnam" latitude="21.13245" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.952965" municipality="Tan Son District" name="Vuong" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Phu Tho">Vuong</location>
2012102302
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3153CEFFE8535A208EFCC6FA83ABEF" box="[1227,1293,878,904]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/merb-e6y6" name="Vietnam Forestry Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">VNF</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FC3AFB48AC7E" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FC3AFEF4ABCB" bold="true" box="[189,378,914,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Similar species:</emphasis>
—The species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A26F0FC3BFAB2ABCB" authority="(Blume 1824: 295) A. de Candolle" authorityName="A. de Candolle" baseAuthorityName="Blume" baseAuthorityPageNumber="295" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[693,1340,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A26F0FC3BFC29ABCB" box="[693,935,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Castanopsis javanica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A27FDFC3AFB0EABCA" author="Blume, C. L." box="[952,1152,914,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref5463" refString="Blume, C. L. (1824) Ueber die Vegetation des Berges Gedee auf der Insel Java. Flora oder Botanische Zeitung 7 (19): 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1824">Blume 1824: 295</bibRefCitation>
) A. de Candolle
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A2121FC3BFE80ABB7" author="Hance, H. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="173 - 183" refId="ref5985" refString="Hance, H. F. (1863) On Quercus fissa Champion, in reference to the distinctive characters of Quercus and Castanea; with remarks on some of the genera of Corylaceae. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 1 (6): 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="1863">Hance (1863: 182)</bibRefCitation>
, in leaf shape, leaf size, cupule base stipitate, spines densely covering the whole cupule surface, rounded and depressed nut.
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A251BFC73FDCDAB93" box="[350,579,986,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A251BFC73FDCDAB93" box="[350,579,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs mainly in its cupules
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A27C2FC72FC54AB92" box="[903,986,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">67 cm</quantity>
in diameter (vs.
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A20D3FC72FA8CAB92" box="[1174,1282,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.55 cm</quantity>
), scar covering 2/3 of nut (vs. scar covering 1/41/3 of nut) and thickly papery leaf texture (vs. thickly leathery).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FCB0BFFE8535A24F8FB8BFF33AC96" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A24F8FB8BFE2CAC5B" box="[189,418,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A24F8FB8BFE2CAC5B" box="[189,418,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A2617FB8BFB8AAC5A" authority="A. Camus (1938: 653)" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityPageNumber="653" authorityYear="1938" box="[594,1028,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mekongensis">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A2617FB8BFC8FAC5B" box="[594,769,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. mekongensis</emphasis>
A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1B6FAFFE8535A276CFB8AFB8AAC5A" author="Camus, A." box="[809,1028,1058,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="653 - 655" refId="ref5595" refString="Camus, A. (1938) Sur quelques Fagacees nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 85: 653 - 655. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1938.10837452" type="journal article" year="1938">Camus (1938: 653)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Both have big cupules (with ca.
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A2130FB8AFA25AC5A" box="[1397,1451,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
in diameter), cupule outside wall completely covered by spines, base of spines connate into bundles and nut oblate.
<taxonomicName id="4C20B088FFE8535A21D7FBEFFEC2ACE3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandicicatricata">
<emphasis id="B9541719FFE8535A21D7FBEFFEC2ACE3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">C. grandicicatricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the latter by its leaf blade
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A2720FBC2FC4BACE2" box="[869,965,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">815 cm</quantity>
long (vs.
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A2071FBC2FB29ACE2" box="[1076,1191,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">1525 cm</quantity>
), secondary veins 812 pairs (vs. 1216 pairs), abaxially glabrescent (vs. densely pubescent), cupule base stipitate (vs. sessile), cupule wall ca.
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A24CDFB1AFF47ACAA" box="[136,201,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick (vs.
<quantity id="4CD866EEFFE8535A257AFB1AFE0EACAA" box="[319,384,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick), spines glabrescent (vs. pubescent) and scar covering 2/3 of nut (vs. scar covering 1/3 of nut).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>