738 lines
69 KiB
XML
738 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="C3A490C334F1F3F887A9F9DB96B0F1D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="299072" ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e123251" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01696e98-fb80-4d9b-b05b-10ac5e222169" ID-ZooBank="49F3D3E2-77E5-400F-B498-D53B60677AD7" ID-publisher-id="123251" URI-arpha="0261D7BB-0C52-5F22-98EC-BA5948D2D45B" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/49F3D3E2-77E5-400F-B498-D53B60677AD7" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1719570803163" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Richards, Stephen J. & Oliver, Paul M." docDate="2024" docId="E738CC1E6A235D06B97E9E3B5F868DA2" docLanguage="en" docName="Vertebrate Zoology 74: 417-433" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74" docSource="https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/123251/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Litoria grinpela Richards & Oliver, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2633D4E3-ED89-45E7-88E3-6B6C076B0EA4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="433" masterDocId="0261D7BB0C525F2298ECBA5948D2D45B" masterDocTitle="Two new species of torrent-breeding treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from hill forests on the southern edge of New Guinea’s Central Cordillera" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="417" pageNumber="417" updateTime="1719591738995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="FF3B2F4CCC43D44E1365A579ECA91BAE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F16FE47B66CFEAC89060C3E5011F14CC">
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<mods:title id="3EEF066E60217B5BA64C792D8F9FBA88">Two new species of torrent-breeding treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from hill forests on the southern edge of New Guinea’s Central Cordillera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F695C4F0E7413BCF589033041FBE51E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="28A19D1F6B1F6080CBBF11582AF0506B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F174953A3AE03AB7586B85291E687A0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7732435F6C89511DC5D7BE228FC80F64">Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="00FC5D3AF7731E6ECA28A68F24D7EBC8">Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia & Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4EF5F0957F77C5993AA5102CAC23C220" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="26A62D1F8EC060541B8D376EDE8E696B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="771995E931877ECD763B07389338AA55">Oliver, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C49C3FBB17644CA52C2176AF6A7812D">Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4121, and Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2E1FD08FF304DCAB8DDA622CA816F33A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C74516EDC2DC2FA0BC62303A0B97352B">
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<mods:title id="562CC43138FADA8C8CC1A7BF1027F322">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="06CBF9158E5C65F3D87B7F3F2EA0CA50">
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<mods:date id="D0FB848F14861F5E434BC52C917665AB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="03CA791FD5893CA70D92E32BC2A4676C">2024-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7DDD75E2A19BF0810FEE3692214C0D7B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CFFBCB6E9B5D838418FF8E65E51FA925">74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="4D0BD32FA743A53E15A7381ED28A48FC">417</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2CAB2C6C5079BFDA2ABFEBB9F29A37A3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="01BAE7C1FCEB8E24E95BCE7A43839F76" type="CLB-Dataset">299072</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92BAFDCC68D2EAD7393BA18AA5BE6CF1" type="DOI">10.3897/vz.74.e123251</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E738CC1E6A235D06B97E9E3B5F868DA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12583072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233858597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12583072" ID-arpha="E738CC1E-6A23-5D06-B97E-9E3B5F868DA2" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/2633D4E3-ED89-45E7-88E3-6B6C076B0EA4" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2633D4E3-ED89-45E7-88E3-6B6C076B0EA4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2633D4E3-ED89-45E7-88E3-6B6C076B0EA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E738CC1E6A235D06B97E9E3B5F868DA2">
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<subSubSection id="19E6C29C8D414096F0D22B47B5CEB9E4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="27E470D0C65782316C34F3D35CD62806">
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||
<taxonomicName id="ECDF2FF9062CFAF17BAD3D3EADBA5C5F" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="560E7C5245F46E232F8B921815417B0E" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4357F9AACC02F93FB34743DABECEC8D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AD62892FBB4E6AA54C385C30CF2860AE" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F047FCE6FAC82E49BB26B9AAA3CEFA30">
|
||
<figureCitation id="E99DC96183C42D3C5F2DA78859E21E76" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. In-life images of: A holotype (SAMA R 72339); B paratype (SAMA R 72340) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.; C, D specimens of the ecologically and morphologically similar and geographically overlapping torrent-breeding Litoria longicrus from the foothills of the Muller Range. Note the brown tympanic membrane and extensive white lateral markings in L. longicrus. All photographs by Stephen Richards." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080917">Figures 7 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="19C4FAF9FA58F843A5BE7F7E207DDA03" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BB2B1C950B92C3ED52988EC202A27947" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A wave form; B power spectrum; C spectrogram of a single call of Litoria grinpela sp. nov. (SAMA R 72340) recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 ° C. The lower-frequency peak evident in (B) is an artefact of the loud stream noise." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080919">9</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBOAB" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F50F002BAD657F100CF318D62C1C331">Green torrent treefrog</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2YBG" type="Holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B1C0B8066DF079D493D53BC957A2F90">
|
||
<heading id="93933F29606028E2ACFAEDD887A71826" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C5F728D5C2609DDFB81799DAE2CA316B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E84E69A79ED5FDD3253C85298E9730E9">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D53C6582B5230BA78529E322E97AC4A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899965304" collectingDate="2008-03-30" collectionCode="SAMA" collectorName="Stephen Richards" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Western Province" elevation="215" latitude="-5.8078" location="Liddell River" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="142.3083" municipality="upper Strickland River" specimenCode="R 72339, SJR 10513" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Western Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<named-content id="BAFAEFE127C79FF7C3CF1C110F59516E" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">
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<collectionCode id="92BA3096D36BA8DE457072CB371B40A0" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="5767BD7E7455FAEF981C46D3D062B6AF" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R 72339</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="884343F057708A67927EC17A9DC5BE38" collectionCode="SJR">SJR 10513</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="D21CBCBDCF90DD68FF4F7EE5C95E3757" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
with vocal slits and nuptial pads,
|
||
<location id="FF2A3002B645BD6A038C9979018CE2A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E738CC1E6A235D06B97E9E3B5F868DA2:FF2A3002B645BD6A038C9979018CE2A4" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Western Province" latitude="-5.8078" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="142.3083" municipality="upper Strickland River" name="Liddell River" stateProvince="Western Province">Liddell River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="ADB3DE71F76A0186F6604434CAA1CF54">upper Strickland River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
basin,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B1857E9FE349F4972C651C7EBC05935">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A49958E0BC893431ADF29E667F94D1B3" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EIZBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[142.308300,-5.807800]}">
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<geoCoordinate id="A878EAB1F87E8C901764603B64253356" degrees="5.8078" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.8078">5.8078 ° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EA00B3A1F16823CF4123463E2174B51C" degrees="142.3083" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="142.3083">142.3083 ° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="DBA90D62FA5163583C7FA1C08AE55382" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="215.0">
|
||
<quantity id="276B1221C25A239A02594EC319668125" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="215.0">215 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="07A6B6D305B48A8839D3BC2F3E44E555">Stephen Richards</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="7487AF91656C112926D7A9219109A23D" value="2008-03-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="68DA07496429A69A9AE3E3B23C6AA0B1" value="2008-03-30">30 March 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="753216F4D511AA5B82D0549BC2AC94D3">
|
||
<heading id="8C78DCB798DD28CA1FB54EA9E55AF7F9" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AA6C57F0744261AEB3F2BF29F86E6387" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C01AEFAF6B05956CBA59A1ECA5C39566">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ABEBE27F7CC78E2274E5A043B9837CE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899965301" collectingDate="2003-08-07" collectionCode="SAMA, SJR, JCUNQ" collectorName="Stephen Richards" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="250" latitude="-6.3989" location="Libano Sok" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="142.9761" municipality="Hegigio River" specimenCode="R 72340" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Southern Highlands Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<named-content id="7984014E1675072E1524D51BF25E0954" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D43C8288AD5832B8343DF7CECD73DC91" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="D3D032B30D633E4C8DA28E248B661ED4">R 72340</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="EBA23390E631B858443AEDAEA63A70F2">SJR</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="84E3ED3B333D460F8DD89F309343DB87">JCUNQ</collectionCode>
|
||
] 3249),
|
||
<specimenCount id="2339C35BDB0BD14E5E82B00AFDDA8077" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
with vocal slits and nuptial pads,
|
||
<location id="02948675888AE47E3BCF584F94EDD28B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E738CC1E6A235D06B97E9E3B5F868DA2:02948675888AE47E3BCF584F94EDD28B" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.3989" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="142.9761" municipality="Hegigio River" name="Libano Sok" stateProvince="Southern Highlands Province">Libano Sok</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="92F3D06A907C21937F5BA8C8250142F4">Hegigio River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8941469904049A71E99C685453921876" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Southern Highlands">Southern Highlands Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F1189285431A75CE99A8748F98972C6B" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1ZBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[142.976100,-6.398900]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="299C8AEB4D6C9C508B4B93264E975B50" degrees="6.3989" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-6.3989">6.3989 ° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F0549A76DA1513FC5A25DBAB19D8E44A" degrees="142.9761" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="142.9761">142.9761 ° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="FA93DFE0B4EC6ECCCF37A8D908363B16" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3631709FF5FA7E179B36C9155171A77A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="5717B52909E65D6430BAE6AB537ADC66">Stephen Richards</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="3098830E22E1F6CD0172DD94A8DD4F9A" value="2003-08-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="965054A22BA71A29BC701ADF731BE3DE" value="2003-08-07">7 August 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6ZBG" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D162F26BB60FED66F99D3043B7C0178">
|
||
<heading id="242DDBBC67A308762F4F70764BB311AA" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F0FA8142497808329805ECE08982A66">
|
||
A species of torrent-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C9A8855FE476D9B3E2B3345E27A14CD" authorityName="sensu Tyler and Davies" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B30306754F44848DC12AF3D85DC3F32E" italics="true">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that can be distinguished from all congeners by the following unique combination of characters: size moderately small (male
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM1BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="4C58052A2A63DC19C22443E552362423" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.61" unit="mm" value="26.8" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="26.1">26.1–27.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); snout rounded in both dorsal and lateral view; canthus rostralis strongly curved in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; limbs long (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQ1BG" xlink_title="tibia length from heel to outer surface of flexed knee">TL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EU1BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.62–0.64); finger webbing moderate, web between fingers 3 and 4 extending to distal subarticular tubercle and, on finger 4, continuing as fringe to base of disc; toe webbing extensive, extending to base of disc on all toes except toe 4 where it reaches distal subarticular tubercle on both sides of digit; dorsal skin relatively smooth with no prominent tubercles; vocal slits present in males; dorsal colouration predominately mid-green with no or little pattern; thin brown canthal stripe or blotch present; hidden surfaces of thighs and groin orange; venter largely off-white with no pattern; and advertisement calls comprising 7–21 rapidly repeated unmusical tapping notes produced at a rate of 7.8–9.6 notes / s at a dominant frequency of 2707–3082 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EY1BG" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="B9804CB04FE7B32BBF0C8A6476B1CC54">
|
||
<heading id="C3CE31364CA3C07538993AE7D10CD025" reason="title">Comparisons with other species.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE18F4372A69C584FFF0BB7CD83B0219">
|
||
The combination of moderately small size (
|
||
<specimenCount id="5EA5B8AF55F4873254BB1D36D194DDBF" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E51BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
between
|
||
<quantity id="877D9BDBBB4CE6B28EE87D4884A38EAE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
), snout rounded in dorsal view, dorsal skin relatively smooth with no prominent tubercles, moderate webbing on the fingers and predominantly green dorsal colouration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1911FB54E614D8F37C81CED512C257F5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. In-life images of: A holotype (SAMA R 72339); B paratype (SAMA R 72340) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.; C, D specimens of the ecologically and morphologically similar and geographically overlapping torrent-breeding Litoria longicrus from the foothills of the Muller Range. Note the brown tympanic membrane and extensive white lateral markings in L. longicrus. All photographs by Stephen Richards." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080917">7 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) readily distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="173501FF5F073BA88AE6CEE34DFF719F" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F25C744D4182B8476FF2DC6A57AE07" italics="true">L. grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FF595148F62A76E25C1E6EA84D5C4599" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD1EB34B8F555D1DCEFE7E07C838C412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the majority of other torrent-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A536A53011FE9A4D92D9AB126EB46FB0" authorityName="sensu Tyler and Davies" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1067AB12660AA9CCA86887F3364239F" italics="true">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B053D1C5276379AC0483C7B03EFBB47B" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="32A4767E8D58E54BCAE390A10051EE8B" ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure7" ID-arpha="BC5872CA-47FD-56E7-A986-8C31061A9FC9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080917" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="421753509FF4419C32B620E017934968">
|
||
<label id="E478801535F6B0FF9505E244C3A8EE6C">Figure 7.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96F7E8D980FDBC7E0FB3CE2D14ECF8C0">
|
||
In-life images of:
|
||
<emphasis id="3EEB22C1B56E1C496AA21A60864B9ABF" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (
|
||
<named-content id="0A89534B9867677A019C42CB41114AFB" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">SAMA</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="A13894AE423ADC642BDB5A17D4B1EB6C">R 72339</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="DB801FE70B606850ECEACF11305E9837" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (
|
||
<named-content id="8FFFD3C04CACD28F6C793DD954BD92E8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">SAMA</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="D67ECF739B8EE4014D457281B29D70B9">R 72340</specimenCode>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E0B15A77B73BBF7B3D80B5ADCBF83E3" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DE457D4EDD1881043689B618C22C90A" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="943EC42992EF65EB6AE8F1F9B63279D1" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2316A98251601B71E494226192D93BCF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="8C0119894A0B0DC9D20E3B937EDB7930" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E016D4051732C60E0477DE7E57F41351" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||
specimens of the ecologically and morphologically similar and geographically overlapping torrent-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="896BE0D4AF09E6D15CDEEC922BB08310" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32890BA059A1882494A20C3186366BC3" italics="true">Litoria longicrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the foothills of the Muller Range. Note the brown tympanic membrane and extensive white lateral markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A498D56AD6EE4A1F825E247A986D1115" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60B549354BDC85BDF93446A991AD7222" italics="true">L. longicrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All photographs by Stephen Richards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="244AE14D178AA6365811D5B467028DDF">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB09F7FC924AFF0156D753292606B56B" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D46EF8C4D84A37BF614CB6E5EBA14D99" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE7FC49C3944D53052B9E5C1E7637DA" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F240D9175E73D1934F43E681FFB3FEE6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from other small, green, torrent-breeding species as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0D0423D300FA20487899FF4B56AA9E4" authority="Richards & Bickford, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Bickford" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakekamu">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C9FA7D007234BA76907CCE31160CCA" italics="true">L. lakekamu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3EB067E1B711A63FF7BCA540DBA0A028" DOI="10.5358/hsj.42.43" author="Richards SJ & Bickford D" journalOrPublisher="Current Herpetology" pagination="43-54" refId="B30" refString="Richards SJ, Bickford D (2023) A new species of small green treefrog (Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from the Lakekamu Basin in southern Papua New Guinea. Current Herpetology 42: 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.5358 / hsj. 42.43" title="A new species of small green treefrog (Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from the Lakekamu Basin in southern Papua New Guinea." volume="42" year="2023">
|
||
Richards & Bickford,
|
||
<quantity id="0D959B01D45AA1BC9EE63F2A6E45FDEA" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13842" unit="in" value="2023.0">2023 in</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
its larger size (male
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EU5BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
> 25 versus <
|
||
<quantity id="F630EF708146740CD7A917B86FE2DE32" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), white labial patch restricted to below eye only (versus full labial stripe), brown canthal stripe or patch present (versus absent), canthus rostralis moderately well defined (versus very indistinct), tympanum distinct (versus indistinct), and call consisting of 7–21 rapid popping notes (vs. a series of short, distinctly pulsed rasping notes followed by an explosive chattering;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E794B9D702162DEB567E0F3645A5157" DOI="10.5358/hsj.42.43" author="Richards and Bickford" firstAuthor="Richards" journalOrPublisher="Current Herpetology" pagination="43-54" refId="B30" refString="Richards SJ, Bickford D (2023) A new species of small green treefrog (Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from the Lakekamu Basin in southern Papua New Guinea. Current Herpetology 42: 43–54. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.42.43" title="A new species of small green treefrog (Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from the Lakekamu Basin in southern Papua New Guinea." volume="42" year="2023">Richards and Bickford 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0F59E8040F93B76A711BAE8E8D702A2" authority="(Tyler, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucova">
|
||
<emphasis id="348F804EC6F7407C323504CCEDE4DD7C" italics="true">L. leucova</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E8735FA5F0C827232133E469383AB26" author="Tyler MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pagination="1-203" refId="B40" refString="Tyler MJ (1968) Papuan hylid frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen 96: 1 - 203." title="Papuan hylid frogs of the genus Hyla." volume="96" year="1968">Tyler, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its slightly larger size (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F34BC592558E7E521B80EA209E83A747" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH6BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
> 25 versus <
|
||
<quantity id="76D5121DDC93B6AE3187E63ED7D12B7E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), in having longer hindlimbs (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL6BG" xlink_title="tibia length from heel to outer surface of flexed knee">TL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP6BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
> 0.62 versus <0.57), a wider head (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET6BG" xlink_title="head width at level of tympana">HW</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX6BG" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.36 versus 0.32–0.34), shorter snout (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E26BG" xlink_title="distance from anterior corner of eye to posterior margin of naris">EN</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAAAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
<0.084 versus> 0.095) and yellow patches in groin and on hidden surfaces of thighs (versus translucent pink with yellow spots) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80937D9C57A95159DCBFBE64BDD85E17" author="Johnston and Richards" firstAuthor="Johnston" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pagination="273-279" refId="B15" refString="Johnston GR, Richards SJ (1994) A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from New Guinea and a redefinition of Litoria leucova (Tyler 1968). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37: 273–279." title="A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from New Guinea and a redefinition of Litoria leucova (Tyler 1968)." volume="37" year="1994">Johnston and Richards 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and from populations of the geographically overlapping
|
||
<taxonomicName id="082871B8D2FACA034C16F4585F298360" authority="(Boulenger, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6AC3CCEE63AE798D8BDA2ADE5EB40F99" italics="true">L. longicrus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="96006FF43251C44DFDD91AB54B36DD17" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. In-life images of: A holotype (SAMA R 72339); B paratype (SAMA R 72340) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.; C, D specimens of the ecologically and morphologically similar and geographically overlapping torrent-breeding Litoria longicrus from the foothills of the Muller Range. Note the brown tympanic membrane and extensive white lateral markings in L. longicrus. All photographs by Stephen Richards." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080917">7 C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) by its slightly larger size (
|
||
<specimenCount id="10EEDE21DBFB8B41E16AE81C87A155F0" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXAAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
> 25 versus <
|
||
<quantity id="56CAE45CD7F45865F66655B2A2465D47" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), plain green dorsum (versus mottled brown and green), green (versus brown) tympanic membrane, white lateral patch restricted to posterior edge of lower jaw (versus white patches extending from lower jaw along side of body almost to groin), and more extensive webbing on fingers (extending beyond distal subarticular tubercle on finger 4 versus not extending beyond distal subarticular tubercle on finger 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C888BDFA6236EBFF52484A4CB415DB42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFEE7066B15FE3C3480A101D93784C" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDEDAE760E572CC657C797B298F46B60" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="36885A3CC0DEEF965D8245B9EED7FBB4" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="48E5EE27085A32A86008CE109DD587CF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from three other species of moderately small, green lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D021CBCF946DB084713CC118BA267FB5" authorityName="sensu Tyler and Davies" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D961B7C38DF8EE110BF58AF34E66ACAA" italics="true">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that occur in the Kikori region as follows; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="918C58A176935261D6320574F4C60522" authority="Menzies & Tyler, 2004" authorityName="Menzies & Tyler" authorityYear="2004" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auae">
|
||
<emphasis id="10C023E8CCA19B224030AD0B8343F7DA" italics="true">L. auae</emphasis>
|
||
Menzies & Tyler, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a brown canthal stripe or blotch on the snout only (versus a white or yellow canthal stripe, and supratympanic stripe), in lacking white or yellow flecks on the dorsum (versus typically present), and by its slightly smaller size (male
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3BAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
<
|
||
<quantity id="404F44F871F9ECA62904F52DBD55A7BA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
versus typically greater than
|
||
<quantity id="C1A75BB62F1760722AD22A72F66CAB45" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
); and from two species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18A7074793AADE83D5EDA351B520EE56" authority="(Gray, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="14243D55304341407D4071E2BB823D57" italics="true">L. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1842)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F124D25787806DC4E8DF490E27D6144A" authority="Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008" authorityName="Menzies, Richards & Tyler" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloristona">
|
||
<emphasis id="A13246416FC8EC6813DF6F58F36AE47D" italics="true">L. chloristona</emphasis>
|
||
Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB0F2EFA704BD691858AA16139F1B07F" authority="Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008" authorityName="Menzies, Richards & Tyler" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viranula">
|
||
<emphasis id="978D11E4E397B7639177F1CF44F78B73" italics="true">L. viranula</emphasis>
|
||
Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its broader head and more broadly rounded snout, the presence of a brown canthal stripe or blotch restricted to the head (versus brown and white lateral stripes extending along sides of torso) and its medium-green dorsal colouration (versus typically yellowish green or brown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBDAI" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA977961D98161209FA2E02D853C0E03">
|
||
<heading id="01AEAA63200EDEFC151DCA2B3535B224" reason="title">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5BE6EC23BBBA1902DE4E555CC4BAB9A5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69E5C3CE452DD9176ACAA476F97D2231">
|
||
Adult male with vocal slits and pale-brown nuptial pads made up of fine asperities. Habitus moderately robust, limbs long (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHDAI" xlink_title="tibia length from heel to outer surface of flexed knee">TL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELDAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.64), head wide (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPDAI" xlink_title="head width at level of tympana">HW</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETDAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.48). Snout protruding beyond lower jaw, slightly rounded (nearly truncate) in lateral view, rounded in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="442911444CEA903DEE6A9CDCE5F288EB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Canthus rostralis clearly defined, strongly curved in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; loreal region steeply sloping, slightly concave. Nostrils near top of snout, oriented laterally, not visible in dorsal view. Vomeropalatines poorly developed, detectable but teeth insufficiently developed to count. Tongue rounded with prominent posterior notch; vocal slits laterally in floor of mouth, extending from near angle of jaws about one third distance to front of jaw. Eyes large (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2DAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of eye">EYE</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6DAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.12), prominent, protruding in dorsal and ventral views; pupil horizontal, nictitating membrane unpigmented. Tympanum moderately small (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDEAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of tympanum including tympanic annulus">TYM</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHEAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.047), less than half diameter of eye (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELEAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of tympanum including tympanic annulus">TYM</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPEAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of eye">EYE</abbrev>
|
||
0.39), tympanic annulus clearly defined except dorsal edge obscured by moderately thick, slightly curved supratympanic ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="411C24FEC68BC0F2786E47105391EE5D" ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" ID-arpha="59836B8A-C846-599D-8690-06DD3A66156E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="455976D434AC0820430D3388BD118A02">
|
||
<label id="64BFB78A516233651D8CEBCEE6A2C1B9">Figure 8.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF3ED128C46D0F9F5FA64D88E200175F">
|
||
Details of holotype (
|
||
<named-content id="FAF1FF1409B8E06108D62B26E5E134A8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">SAMA</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="CDA33C1748297FB78A6B49E70BEC1F7F">R 72339</specimenCode>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA4CA0C86E01C075104E4741F52DF8C4" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E25ED0BB1858BB673ED5F05B829A909C" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="20E760E8705C0A0E0C83C5D474B77DBC" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4E82EC2D1B7DF48127447901216E3A1" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="108B27D60F44434CA5CC6832D15EE5A6" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of head;
|
||
<emphasis id="071822F9D70ADB6BD52B644B1862126C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of head;
|
||
<emphasis id="2C222876E7A5E2783F2FB4B1D308DD94" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
hand webbing in life;
|
||
<emphasis id="E3469872923AE42BC5AB73512B34C68C" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||
foot webbing in preservative;
|
||
<emphasis id="9A2F60B863D4456692DEE5F8D0ED154D" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||
colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="65FDD1D62EC937A04206C286A7BF5923">Skin on dorsum finely rugose, on dorsal surfaces of limbs largely smooth except for scattered indistinct tubercles on forearms; skin on throat finely granular, on abdomen coarsely granular. Ventral surfaces of forelimbs smooth with scattered tubercles; ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely rugose along posterior edge, becoming less so on adjacent surfaces, with scattered large pale off-white tubercles below vent; tarsi and tibiae smooth ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAB99A2E0EAA725C158FB6D501009741">
|
||
Fingers moderately long with expanded terminal discs (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5FAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of finger 3">3 FD</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECGAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of penultimate phalanx of finger 3">3 FP</abbrev>
|
||
1.6;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGGAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of finger 3">3 FD</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKGAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
0.058) with distinct circum-marginal grooves; relative lengths of fingers 3> 4> 2> 1, subarticular tubercles unilobed or weakly bifid. Webbing moderate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DB26ED7FA9FBC4FBBB27408983825B19" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8 C</figureCitation>
|
||
), reaching distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle and continuing to disc as narrow fringe on inside of finger 4; to base of distal subarticular tubercle on outside of finger 3; to base of penultimate subarticular tubercle on inside of finger 3; to base of distal subarticular tubercle on outside of finger 2; and in a narrow basal flange between fingers 1 and 2. Hands with long (
|
||
<quantity id="C2ADB7F2BBA4D65A796B127EC691A21D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) prominent ovoid inner metacarpal tubercles and shorter (
|
||
<quantity id="3AD13DE8C55DB072AA2287FF90BDCDD5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), rounded and lower, but still distinct, outer metacarpal tubercle. Nuptial pads pale brown, comprising fine asperities, extending across base of finger 1, elongate, much longer that high, with distinct constriction demarcating short distal portion from much longer proximal portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DFC2A7702FC25CE4D70B5611C084D30C">
|
||
Toes with expanded terminal discs with terminal grooves, some discs slightly shrivelled in preservative; disc on toe 4 distinctly narrower than disc on finger 3 (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUGAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of finger 3">3 FD</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYGAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of toe 4">4 TD</abbrev>
|
||
1.2). Relative lengths of toes 4> 5> 3> 2> 1. Webbing between toes extensive (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="460113332D6F357EE506CF008869F246" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8 D</figureCitation>
|
||
) reaching to distal subarticular tubercle on both sides of toe 4, to base of disc on inside of toe 5 and outside of toes 1–3, and to distal subarticular tubercle on inside of toes 2–3. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval, short (
|
||
<quantity id="31A28757D8D2F1D95D38604AA1BE8169" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) but prominent; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAHAI" type="Colouration in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C274539110C2F76D2A3F708A411EF36">
|
||
<heading id="3ACC65E59F6C9BE62C2F81F364C61C3E" reason="title">Colouration in preservative.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5675CF0820502D03EA7584CC842BCC47">Dorsum predominately blue with few indistinct small brown blotches just behind eyes. Lateral surfaces of snout densely spotted with blue and brown, brown maculations coalesce to form canthal stripe that extends from eye, across nostril and down to edge of jaw; white patch below eye; upper lip with thin margin lacking maculations giving appearance of an off-white labial stripe. Exposed dorsal surfaces of limbs blue, hidden surfaces of limbs buff with scattered dark-brown or green maculations, dorsal surfaces of digits buff, with scattered dark-brown flecking. Ventral surfaces largely off-white, with scattered regions of brown maculations along edges of lower jaw, extremities of limbs, and posterior edge of thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFHAI" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="26E50891E3A57B564822773D878B7A6C">
|
||
<heading id="F994849E29A6632C0ADCDA9B45E7E6FF" reason="title">
|
||
Summary meristic data. These data were determined for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="148F6F480A38B7BF01009172C8DD947E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(all measurement in mm):
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BDEEDF988F879FB38A72FD948A6731F8">
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELHAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
27.5;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPHAI" xlink_title="tibia length from heel to outer surface of flexed knee">TL</abbrev>
|
||
17.6;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETHAI" xlink_title="head width at level of tympana">HW</abbrev>
|
||
13.4;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXHAI" xlink_title="head length, from tip of snout to posterior margin of tympanum">HL</abbrev>
|
||
10.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2HAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of eye">EYE</abbrev>
|
||
3.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6HAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of tympanum including tympanic annulus">TYM</abbrev>
|
||
1.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDIAI" xlink_title="internarial distance, between medial margins of external nares">IN</abbrev>
|
||
3.5;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHIAI" xlink_title="distance from anterior corner of eye to posterior margin of naris">EN</abbrev>
|
||
2.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELIAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of finger 3">3 FD</abbrev>
|
||
1.6;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPIAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of penultimate phalanx of finger 3">3 FP</abbrev>
|
||
1.0;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETIAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of toe 4">4 TD</abbrev>
|
||
1.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXIAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of penultimate phalanx of toe 4">4 TP</abbrev>
|
||
1.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2IAI" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="45B2C7519CDA757D351A0BE83DAAA3FA">
|
||
<heading id="638DD0C87904FF788A9DD0976D4C4D80" reason="title">Variation.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27066536EDD3CD14FA6E8C686C315734">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="50129FBDAF82C08291E491B116073EF2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content id="A4E89D5CB6A148170621832ED5872E13" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8855EBD0A68906FF0195D696D0D01E7" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="544D2A6E135843073E062B5B8A5A77BA">R 72339</specimenCode>
|
||
) is an
|
||
<specimenCount id="C47CDFBE74708C685D337F3988EC0CBC" count="1" type="male">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
with the following measurements:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFJAI" xlink_title="body length from snout to vent">SVL</abbrev>
|
||
26.1;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJJAI" xlink_title="tibia length from heel to outer surface of flexed knee">TL</abbrev>
|
||
16.2;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENJAI" xlink_title="head width at level of tympana">HW</abbrev>
|
||
9.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERJAI" xlink_title="head length, from tip of snout to posterior margin of tympanum">HL</abbrev>
|
||
9.9;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVJAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of eye">EYE</abbrev>
|
||
4.5;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZJAI" xlink_title="horizontal diameter of tympanum including tympanic annulus">TYM</abbrev>
|
||
1.3;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4JAI" xlink_title="internarial distance, between medial margins of external nares">IN</abbrev>
|
||
3.8;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBKAI" xlink_title="distance from anterior corner of eye to posterior margin of naris">EN</abbrev>
|
||
2.0;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFKAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of finger 3">3 FD</abbrev>
|
||
1.2;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJKAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of penultimate phalanx of finger 3">3 FP</abbrev>
|
||
0.8;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENKAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of disc of toe 4">4 TD</abbrev>
|
||
0.9;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERKAI" xlink_title="transverse diameter of penultimate phalanx of toe 4">4 TP</abbrev>
|
||
0.8. It is broadly similar in colouration, nuptial pad form, and extent of webbing to
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB3E43DB8B9465F84109478F57A1AD99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but differs in having a mauve dorsal colouration in preservative (likely a preservation artefact), much more prominent white patch laterally on head extending from below eye, across tympanic membrane to insertion point of forelimb, and exposed dorsal surfaces of limbs largely cream with extensive very fine mauve maculations. The vomeropalatines are more prominent than those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8280EA1A62168D1CE20C290971B6266C" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, each supporting 3–4 sharp teeth medial to the choanae (vs. vomeropalatines small, poorly developed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0029084A265583B920583BCD823D60DD" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVKAI" type="Colouration in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="4EF85D1D4439B0B4004BD1E5F3394B1E">
|
||
<heading id="4245E4BBCAA69C7AA926EC9C18A135B9" reason="title">Colouration in life.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150B44BE9666B499F9E5FA5C1712C97C">
|
||
The following description is based on photographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FEDEF01745C9838BE4B1CD5DF8B988DD" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="50A8AC22BA75CB9282E5611B30797990" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="27EB85B9D5863DF16723E21E4DE58726" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. In-life images of: A holotype (SAMA R 72339); B paratype (SAMA R 72340) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.; C, D specimens of the ecologically and morphologically similar and geographically overlapping torrent-breeding Litoria longicrus from the foothills of the Muller Range. Note the brown tympanic membrane and extensive white lateral markings in L. longicrus. All photographs by Stephen Richards." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080917">7 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="33604F73339CD0C455FDAF1B661317C6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8 C – E</figureCitation>
|
||
,). Dorsum green with small number of darker-brown flecks. Lateral surface of snout with brown patch bordered sharply dorsally by canthus rostralis, this brown patch forming thin canthal stripe in
|
||
<typeStatus id="B83FFF0D7DA293532CC2DFBBB3DDB751" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but covering most lateral surfaces of snout in
|
||
<typeStatus id="6814AAE1146945819C651D618775BCAB" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Supratympanic fold light brown. Small white patch on upper lip and below eye present in both specimens but more prominent and extensive in
|
||
<typeStatus id="C2AD29297854385F9A6CD2ADD73A4416" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Lateral surfaces of torso ranging from green, yellowish green to translucent with extensive buff flecks, also overlain with sparse brown flecks in
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2446F24E4971AF62C7F62833530E0C9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Exposed surfaces of limbs green, sometimes edged by indistinct brown regions. Hidden surfaces of groin and posterior surface of thighs orange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DD8C1DB312DD58F4CBBBABCB7138057B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Details of holotype (SAMA R 72339) of Litoria grinpela sp. nov.: A dorsal view of head; B lateral view of head; C hand webbing in life; D foot webbing in preservative; E colouration of hidden surfaces of groin and thighs in life. All photographs by Stephen Richards. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080918">8 E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Iris pale grey with extensive darker-brown vermiculation, pupil with very thin orange margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHLAI" type="Vocalisation">
|
||
<paragraph id="CDFADB2CDE88151CFA224B33E33B28EC">
|
||
<heading id="FF5E9C710C14E34C117A2A9FA013B510" reason="title">Vocalisation.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ADC33554AFD1259EF077027EFDE86B0D">
|
||
We analysed 14 calls from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D01CC047DD79EE679718F0F9FF26508C" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(n = 4) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="09C538A3059BC1EAFF780238C5BF936D" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(n = 10) at 23.6 and 24.5 ° C respectively. Calls of both animals were extremely similar and were combined for analysis. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D2EB784E60C9A9D780259E053E743E4" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30251A7CA479966BDA0CACE59FF80446" italics="true">L. grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ADD2B5C768CE44F8AD820C9E18382CDC" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17B060BA655BC2962BCAC49C9845C399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a series of 7–21 (mean = 15.0, SD = 5.03) unmusical tapping or popping notes uttered in quick succession (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C06684D6049162FF6133765A944185" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A wave form; B power spectrum; C spectrogram of a single call of Litoria grinpela sp. nov. (SAMA R 72340) recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 ° C. The lower-frequency peak evident in (B) is an artefact of the loud stream noise." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080919">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calls are produced at intervals of 4.3–132.0 seconds (mean = 24.1, SD = 39.4). Call length is 0.67–2.56 seconds (mean = 1.62, SD = 0.62), and notes within calls are produced at a rate of 7.8–9.6 notes / s (mean = 8.74, SD = 0.44). Dominant frequency is 2707–3082 Hz (mean = 2910, SD = 131.08). An exemplar call from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9433766916BED6B1E11D42C13A4F5E6B" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has been uploaded to iNaturalist (
|
||
<ext-link id="5F3772F1E6D31ACFCA2A373E32DF7289" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/218063820" xlink_type="simple">https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/218063820</ext-link>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2993FADF41CDED6464AB7635D2B50949" ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure9" ID-arpha="BD5970D1-5401-584A-AC85-C5E350AE8632" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080919" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="57B4D415279CF716CFF658735CAA9B45">
|
||
<label id="4FBC552C4CEA91F9F284046B316BAC1E">Figure 9.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4653E79A160B286478F31253EA7F626F">
|
||
<emphasis id="295E598AE4020FD58CAA2CE0592AD061" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
wave form;
|
||
<emphasis id="8C7EF6F60063906D18B2013DDC3AD634" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
power spectrum;
|
||
<emphasis id="AF51842D6ADAAE2D1F0EA8C7094A4E5C" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
spectrogram of a single call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA3B8A01C07D5F3B2525B1E644A24E5F" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A7C3AAECCDAC9120E953D4509B0CCE9" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8B4D39BE8F30078CFD7978075059A090" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F02CFD5EFEEFD2D8B707D6D68068E294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content id="216FD191ADA52AB88BAACB63D0BCF78F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/south-australia-museum" xlink_title="South Australia Museum">SAMA</named-content>
|
||
<specimenCode id="388302CB3D5FACBC3FE41B9C71CF0007">R 72340</specimenCode>
|
||
) recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 ° C. The lower-frequency peak evident in (B) is an artefact of the loud stream noise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHNAI" type="Molecular differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph id="578B83FB9200E8D82B039F3CA6576106">
|
||
<heading id="BDD2F1A04E4C1D545D2D25D7BFF50A80" reason="title">Molecular differentiation.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F187EA7510AB9ECCD513B3EE3FB18EC5">
|
||
Genetic divergences (p-distances) indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A56CEEA765592759F320C2ABE8CC854E" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EEB30AA6B39D19C284C9042E264D32C" italics="true">L. grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECB483E9B2003CFF63FF4C9086832895" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A11606AA5CCB63C84CC96BCEDD5B8245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most genetically similar to the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47DBCC6D775A76DB14FD2AFB9A6E776E" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kikori" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27796AC8313C02CA0F5A186134E92D34" italics="true">L. kikori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F3CBA8B79F03A4592058E798BF1231" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="85D2DA36E344BEA20902A888324D60FF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0368F683322D8EB15A4FF912F33575DB" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spartacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69F1CF75884A5B6ECD711BB26D0D48F4" italics="true">L. spartacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p-distances from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C7208596B3498E77574AE61E58ACCE4A" degrees="0.144" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="0.144">0.144</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77E22BC995157585DDB9E92176E6AF5B" degrees="0.161" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-0.161">–0.161</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESOAI" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FAF5F47D5A8A9A2744E988E5B28064F3">
|
||
<heading id="4EAB9CBCC8B93A531E4D440D2AB61EB5" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB1C6FD70202552E8F44238D74FD19DE">
|
||
The name combines the New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01B839DD70B2FDB53D228768069C8989" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
pidgin word for green (grin) with its adjectival ending (- pela).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXOAI" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="497BA387854A70FC06F51FFF67D5AE9E">
|
||
<heading id="C002F9DC7D8BCEF07C264865120F9D49" reason="title">Distribution and ecological notes.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4863350B47697DA508460F5AD67A2396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BAB5F4AE8D8A02E200D3DD52A3FC908" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9AFC67B97C3F8E845F8D323F047D92B" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BF31FE9D3676D53E7B2E34BD7D2F53CC" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BA750D5BE54F70B2DAA6ADC675A05D94" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from two locations along the southern slopes of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera: the type locality in the upper Strickland River basin in Western Province, and Libano Sok, on the Hegigio River in the Kikori River basin in Southern Highlands Province,
|
||
<quantity id="F682448D08572805616B80A090993936" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
to the east of the type locality (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F42EA7B8394F916FE7E0E30F9BCEF262" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distributions of Litoria kikori sp. nov. (white circle), L. spartacus (blue squares) and L. grinpela sp. nov. (black circle, type locality). The black and white circle is Libano Sok where both new species occur in sympatry. Libano Sok is the type locality of Litoria kikori sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080915">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1CA84D3F72054C7AA3B35ADB74C76F2">
|
||
Both animals were calling from foliage
|
||
<quantity id="92EFF0ACDB1EEE1968C33C0140760E76" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in low-elevation hill forest (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1B05429885FFA8153B841F5F98BD19E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A Streamside habitat of Litoria kikori sp. nov. in foothill forest at Bifo Creek, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea; B habitat of L. grinpela sp. nov at the type locality along the Liddell River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea; C a waterfall emerging out of the ground just upstream from image B. This is the lowest known locality (215 m a. s. l.) for three other stream-breeding pelodrydadid treefrog species: L. arfakiana, L. spartacus and Nyctimystes pulcher." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080916">6 B</figureCitation>
|
||
) adjacent to swiftly flowing rivers. Four other torrent-breeding pelodryadids were documented at the type locality, one of which (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91F77D6257B1AD47DBB803B34A516B20" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B2A408A2F2D6B26D9D7D18F68FA32F9" italics="true">L. longicrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occurred in microsympatry with the new species, while three others (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DB7C6B44448FAF224BC628604590570" baseAuthorityName="Peters & Doria" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arfakiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="64AB7C689F20F9D71621A1776DA6CE72" italics="true">L. arfakiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFD88D45C882032F7267318EACC96459" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spartacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A255B33C77A5CAE9FBBADD95AED87F9B" italics="true">L. spartacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D40BC8DC4E47A103A193CE295C7B133" authority="Wandolleck, 1911" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="047C5D7D9D23175A93B71EE81C403254" italics="true">Nyctimystes pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
Wandolleck, 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were found slightly upstream where a waterfall emerges from the side of a karst hill slope (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF06CFD4D74452AC59A0BB60B0799537" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A Streamside habitat of Litoria kikori sp. nov. in foothill forest at Bifo Creek, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea; B habitat of L. grinpela sp. nov at the type locality along the Liddell River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea; C a waterfall emerging out of the ground just upstream from image B. This is the lowest known locality (215 m a. s. l.) for three other stream-breeding pelodrydadid treefrog species: L. arfakiana, L. spartacus and Nyctimystes pulcher." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e123251.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1080916">6 C</figureCitation>
|
||
). At just
|
||
<quantity id="D39E2A6BAB90D863B0D641D02CD28F5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="215.0">215 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l. this location appears to be the lowest known elevation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88EC7E2AEC24F078FCCB6548970F215E" baseAuthorityName="Peters & Doria" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arfakiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFCA9DA40B20BE0EFDCB9208D039EE5A" italics="true">L. arfakiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E92ABA0FA5ABB9C641800EB51ED91093" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spartacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE9964DD997B09CCD5F26042AFCCFFF5" italics="true">L. spartacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21722EEEA7CD163E891D1127FE6FFE48" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEC148C827A3C1649705B9C02528A4A9" italics="true">N. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10E2F289DCB27CF741C083EF0F673191" author="Menzies" firstAuthor="Menzies" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, x" refId="B20" refString="Menzies J. (2006) The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, x, 345 pp." title="The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands." year="2006">Menzies 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6B00C308B53469C2305E631CEA30D71" author="Richards and Oliver" firstAuthor="Richards" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pagination="231-237" refId="B34" refString="Richards SJ, Oliver PM (2006) A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the Kikori Integrated Conservation and Development Project area, Papua New Guinea. Salamandra 42: 231–237." title="A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the Kikori Integrated Conservation and Development Project area, Papua New Guinea." volume="42" year="2006">Richards and Oliver 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At Libano Sok
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AC06AFE57D336166EFAF94797EC290" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E90A14B5566B98A32244F03CE5D7EE05" italics="true">L. grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="39625E9F5E0E2EE3AF9243791743CB0C" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEB3835E8A07AE0D152E0D0CB889E451" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurred in sympatry with only one other stream-breeding pelodryadid,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEEEE55A67F3C06DCCA1408341E91F9D" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kikori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4E91B3F9A955536705BF2A5ADED2871" italics="true">L. kikori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFTAI" type="Suggested IUCN status">
|
||
<paragraph id="363492E3E77D037C67E66258335F71C2">
|
||
<heading id="C4B972F1BAFB23FAC4C0778C67928AA9" reason="title">Suggested IUCN status.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81C11061D07D0C7873D35878DD8D188E">
|
||
The two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C19E35955C2EB864D5424738F2A9A0" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grinpela" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="44D78E58B3ABCBA8201B7AD60F0AD26B" italics="true">Litoria grinpela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C238385EE5563A3EFBC19C4A8F090C73" bold="true">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2847CCBDBCDE65ADC3B43A10D31524A7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
records span approximately 100 kilometres of extensively forested terrain with relatively low human population density. It also occurs at elevations (<
|
||
<quantity id="21001BEF5CFDB80CC8E8FB19D73DC7E5" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.) at which populations of torrent-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0EE2E8F9942BE028FDFEA97F2DC8FCD" authorityName="sensu Tyler and Davies" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="35D5C968503E57E037113AAC80E60C12" italics="true">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Australian wet tropics have been able to persist in the face of the frog pathogen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D76D0903610E272962E19B14BEF10D6" class="Rhizophydiomycetes" genus="Batrachochytrium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rhizophydiales" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="species" species="dendrobatidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5DDF85DA04DC63E0EB462FF9A07D246" italics="true">B. dendrobatidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If this pathogen colonises New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AB5B05658EDDF7E9B5A3D69696FAAAB0" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species may therefore be less vulnerable than most other Melanesian torrent-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7A271A28C77C49C9225162AA82F8625" authorityName="sensu Tyler and Davies" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D45B351B0590F17CC06CC32D588D0211" italics="true">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are restricted to higher and cooler areas. For these reasons we suggest an IUCN status of Least Concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |