454 lines
54 KiB
XML
454 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="7BEAF323688093268BEEDEBAF7B75AD0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180916" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f19e866-0cc7-4c9b-adc9-98786b266126" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180916" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459821444285" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Loiola, Laia" docDate="2008" docId="ED676D560A26FFDDFF26A9D33178CF4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01707p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1707" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chrysopathes micracantha Loiola, 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="115E152E0A23FFD4FFB1AD1C3205CD09" masterDocTitle="Two New Species of Chrysopathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Western Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698221821519" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="01B3AFE3429B8F44E1C3765FC10A881E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C41ACF09616EA8C61F9803CDE2C263A">
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<mods:title id="8E1AD1998C9601184C232C3146A8F017">Two New Species of Chrysopathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Western Atlantic</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2092771F4F8958031B820BD74F47AF47" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DF574618CE84F981E0A12DBFDC8A3EFE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0379374EB5B9E56DAE2B3875B78F40F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F3E206C10AFD05759E367399088DB6DF">Loiola, Laia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5562336F059255069E8CDB607BCEFAA8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2838DFE5A03146AC64C699FB3CD6DA82">
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<mods:title id="145013325EF9401E0363883939EA4792">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0D363359992B69BBE3F173EBA22F2271">
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<mods:date id="25ED83A370658A4137FC33E19F7F1833">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="93F7201CBAC3D4AE24611B35D7D00C58" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3309741132362F5F86A65EC5337C54FF">1707</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="4320C13BEBCD31A71C5382C501B05077">49</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0F6FC4E541F15CEF125B9E0F5D30A247">59</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A4E5DA06B5E4FB998C47E7FC3ABDF80E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F829685A0379F033ED2A284CAE06BD46" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180916</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A866BA492E0BBED49DA5D2BB6B46D74" type="GBIF-Dataset">0f19e866-0cc7-4c9b-adc9-98786b266126</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA76EA95CF780F54928B884A23D0EEF8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60C8B20B9024C960564D149E9BEDC202" type="Zenodo-Dep">180916</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED676D560A26FFDDFF26A9D33178CF4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED676D560A26FFDDFF26A9D33178CF4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED676D560A26FFDDFF26A9D33178CF4B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A26FFD1FF26A9D330F9C9E0" box="[151,764,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6571DC400A26FFD1FF26A9D330F9C9E0" blockId="5.[151,764,1231,1258]" box="[151,764,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="3E396B2C0A26FFD1FF26A9D330F9C9E0" bold="true" box="[151,764,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF26A9D330F9C9E0" bold="true" box="[151,764,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A26FFD1FF26A9D333D9C9E0" ID-CoL="5Z38L" box="[151,476,1231,1257]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF26A9D333D9C9E0" bold="true" box="[151,476,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Chrysopathes micracantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C89BD290A26FFD1FE52A9D33076C9E0" box="[483,627,1231,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A26FFD1FD33A9D330F6C9E0" box="[642,755,1231,1258]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,255,1627,1651]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,255,1820,1844]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,255,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1257,535,1584]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,420,1796]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,618,1462]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[264,1323,501,1603]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[264,1323,420,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[264,1323,616,1463]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, entire corallum; B, cross section of branch showing pinnules and subpinnules." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, cross section of branch showing arrangement of pinnules and subpinnules: B, close-up view of basal portion of subopposite secondary pinnules." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Chrysopathes micracantha, new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A – D, spines on pinnules, scale bars 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180919/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180920/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/180921/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A26FFD1FF26A8063146C838" box="[151,835,1306,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6571DC400A26FFD1FF26A8063146C838" blockId="5.[151,835,1306,1329]" box="[151,835,1306,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A26FFD1FF26A806332FC838" ID-CoL="7NZJF" box="[151,298,1306,1329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF26A806332FC838" box="[151,298,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Chrysopathes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="015FA1B10A26FFD1FEE4A80633F0C838" author="Opresko" box="[341,501,1306,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2005) New genera and species of antipatharian corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the North Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78, 129 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
; de
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||
<bibRefCitation id="015FA1B10A26FFD1FD91A80630DBC838" author="Laia" box="[544,734,1306,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="de Laia Loiola, L. (2007) Black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from Brazil: an overview. In: George, R. Y. & Cairns, S. D. (Eds.), Conservation and Adaptive Management of Seamounts and Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL." type="book" year="2007">Laia Loiola, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
(in part).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A26FFD1FF26A87E30BACBB5" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A26FFD1FF26A87E3353C8C5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A26FFD1FF26A87E330CC875" box="[151,265,1378,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF26A87E330CC875" bold="true" box="[151,265,1378,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
.
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<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FEA9A87E3368C875" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[280,365,1378,1404]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
1097219, Northwest Atlantic, off Florida, Reed Peak #160,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FB89A87E36E5C875" box="[1080,1248,1378,1404]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="29.849543">29º50.9726’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FB5DA87E3792C875" box="[1260,1431,1378,1404]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-79.626625">79º37.5976’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity id="A23671A50A26FFD1FF26A8963333C8AD" box="[151,310,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.084819999999999" metricValueMax="8.708136" metricValueMin="7.461504" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="ft" value="2652.5" valueMax="2857.0" valueMin="2448.0">2448–2857 ft</quantity>
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(
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||
<quantity id="A23671A50A26FFD1FEF9A89633D6C8AD" box="[328,467,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.084999999999999" metricValueMax="8.709999999999999" metricValueMin="7.459999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="808.5" valueMax="871.0" valueMin="746.0">746–871 m</quantity>
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),
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||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FE5AA89730BBC8AD" box="[491,702,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Johnson Sea Link</emphasis>
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||
, Dive 4912, spec. 2-009,
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||
<date id="1170FA800A26FFD1FC46A89636DDC8AD" box="[1015,1240,1418,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" value="2005-11-09">November 9, 2005</date>
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||
, coll: S. Brooke and C. Messing.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A26FFD1FF74A8C630BACBB5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF74A8C63384C8FD" bold="true" box="[197,385,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Other material</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A26FFD1FE3EA8C633F0C8FD" box="[399,501,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FDB5A8C6305EC8FD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[516,603,1498,1524]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
77111), off
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||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A26FFD1FD58A8C6314FC8FD" box="[745,842,1498,1524]" name="Georgia" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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||
, E. of Brunswick,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FB93A8C63694C8FD" box="[1058,1169,1498,1524]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="30.866667">30°52’ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FB2DA8C6370DC8FD" box="[1180,1288,1498,1524]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="-79.566666">79°34’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="A23671A50A26FFD1FAA2A8C63765C8FD" box="[1299,1376,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="658.0">658 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="1170FA800A26FFD1FADAA8C6333ACB15" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" value="1972-01-21">January 21, 1972</date>
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||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FECDAB1F33D0CB15" box="[380,469,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Oregon</emphasis>
|
||
II, sta. 11717 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="73C817C90A26FFD1FD21AB1E311FCB15" box="[656,794,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
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).
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||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A26FFD1FC9EAB1E3190CB15" box="[815,917,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FC17AB1E31F8CB15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[934,1021,1538,1564]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1086635), off Jacksonville Beach, Florida,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FF4EAB36339CCB4D" box="[255,409,1578,1604]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="30.276">30°16.56’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FE1BAB36303ECB4D" box="[426,571,1578,1604]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="-79.33967">79°20.38’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="1170FA800A26FFD1FDFDAB363107CB4D" box="[588,770,1578,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" value="2004-08-30">
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||
Aug. 30,
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||
<quantity id="A23671A50A26FFD1FD75AB363107CB4D" box="[708,770,1578,1604]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.004836" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2004836.0">2004</quantity>
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||
</date>
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||
, 836 m,
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FCC7AB37364ACB4D" box="[886,1103,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Johnson Sea Link</emphasis>
|
||
Dive 3470, collection No. T
|
||
<date id="1170FA800A26FFD1FF19AB4E331BCB65" box="[168,286,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" value="1060-10-04">10041060</date>
|
||
(part of specimen deposited in the Marine Resources Research Institute,
|
||
<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FBCEAB4E36E1CB65" box="[1151,1252,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">SCDNR</collectionCode>
|
||
, Accession No. 2004-0543, Catalog No. S2332).
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A26FFD1FD98AB66308ACB9D" box="[553,655,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FD10AB6630F4CB9D" box="[673,753,1658,1684]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
5150),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A26FFD1FCE0AB663199CB9D" box="[849,924,1658,1684]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off Campos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FBF9AB6636EDCB9D" box="[1096,1256,1658,1684]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-22.410917">22°24.655’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A26FFD1FB49AB66379DCB9D" box="[1272,1432,1658,1684]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-39.92355">39°55.413’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A26FFD1FF26ABBE32F7CBB5" box="[151,242,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1130.0">1130 m</quantity>
|
||
, BC-Sul-CENPES/
|
||
<collectionCode id="03DF44850A26FFD1FE65ABBE301CCBB5" box="[468,537,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">UFRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="73C817C90A26FFD1FD9AABBE30B6CBB5" box="[555,691,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A26FFD2FF74ABD6335DCC5B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A26FFD1FF74ABD63673CAA5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A26FFD1FF74ABD63338CBED" bold="true" box="[197,317,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Corallum planar to somewhat bushy with overlapping branches; branched to fifth order. Stem and branches pinnulate and subpinnulate. Arrangement of primary pinnules as described for genus; 24–33 primary pinnules per cm. Anterior and posterior primary pinnules on smallest branches with one or two (subopposite) secondary pinnules; lateral primary pinnules usually simple or rarely with single subpinnule. Subpinnules more abundant on primary pinnules on thickest branches and stem; one subopposite pair per primary in some cases. Tertiary pinnules present on some secondaries but not common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74AD84335DCC5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Spines on pinnules simple, smooth, often very distinctly inclined distally; usually not more than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FA82AD843799CDBB" box="[1331,1436,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall (from middle of base to apex) but to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD37ADDC30F4CDD3" box="[646,753,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
at tips of pinnules. Abaxial side of spines three to seven times longer than adaxial side. Spines on middle and lower parts of pinnules becoming more triangular and less distally inclined. Polyps
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE5EAC0C307BCC23" box="[495,638,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter; arranged in a single row on upper or lateral side of pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A25FFDCFF74AC4336DBCC73" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74AC4333E0CF63" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A25FFD2FF74AC4333EDCC70" bold="true" box="[197,488,351,377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A25FFD2FECCAC4333EDCC70" box="[381,488,351,377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Height about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD27AC7C30E4CC73" box="[662,737,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FC87AC7C3184CC73" box="[822,897,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
, basal stem diameter
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FBCDAC7C36C6CC73" box="[1148,1219,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; unpinnulated part of stem
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FF45AC943341CCAB" box="[244,324,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Corallum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A25FFD2FDBDAC943055CCAB" box="[524,592,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1627,1651]" captionTargetBox="[282,1257,535,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,501,1603]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, entire corallum; B, cross section of branch showing pinnules and subpinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180919/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A) branched to fifth order; planar with some overlapping branches (possibly due to preservation in small jar). Stem extends to top of corallum and has 12 branches of varying sizes along its length. Branches of corallum not evenly distributed; most
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FC1CACC43601CCFB" box="[941,1028,472,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
apart. Largest branch about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FAE2ACC4379ECCFB" box="[1363,1435,472,498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; basal diameter about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE66AF1C3025CF13" box="[471,544,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Branches extend outward at point of insertion (distal branch angle 40–50º) and then curve upward to become parallel to lower order branch (or stem) from which they arise. Width across branchlets mostly
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FEDCAF4C33E4CF63" box="[365,481,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74AF643729C92B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Primary pinnules generally straight and stiff (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A25FFD2FD56AF64313FCF9B" box="[743,826,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1627,1651]" captionTargetBox="[282,1257,535,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,501,1603]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, entire corallum; B, cross section of branch showing pinnules and subpinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180919/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 4A) and inclined distally (distal angle about 70°). Each group of three primary pinnules occupies distance of 0.8–1.0 mm; distance between groups
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FAF5AFBC32CDCFEB" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; one cycle of six pinnules covers about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD28AFD430F6CFEB" box="[665,755,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
of axis. Pinnules mostly
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FBA8AFD43676CFEB" box="[1049,1139,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart in each row, resulting in five pinnules per centimeter in each row; total of 24–27 primary pinnules per cm for all rows. Primary pinnules generally
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FECAAE0433DACE3B" box="[379,479,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (to 1.0 cm) and
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD5DAE04318ECE3B" box="[748,907,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter near base, with laterals slightly longer than anterior and posterior primaries. One or two single secondary pinnules on anterior primary pinnules on higher order branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A25FFD2FDA6AE74306CCE8B" box="[535,617,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1627,1651]" captionTargetBox="[282,1257,535,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,501,1603]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, entire corallum; B, cross section of branch showing pinnules and subpinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180919/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 4A), less commonly one or two on posterior primaries. Paired secondary pinnules arranged suboppositely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A25FFD2FD12AE8C30EECEA3" box="[675,747,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,420,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,420,1796]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chrysopathes micracantha new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, cross section of branch showing arrangement of pinnules and subpinnules: B, close-up view of basal portion of subopposite secondary pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). No secondaries on lateral primary pinnules. Secondary pinnules arise about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE3FAEA433EECEDB" box="[398,491,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
from base of primaries on lateral or towards lower side of primary and extend distally (distal angle about 45°) relative to direction of primary. Secondary pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FBC5AEFC36D3CEF3" box="[1140,1238,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Secondary pinnules on thicker branches and stem often found on all primaries and usually in subopposite pairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74A92C3093C86B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDF5C0C50A25FFD2FE92A92C336CC943" box="[291,361,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,618,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,616,1463]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chrysopathes micracantha, new species, holotype, USNM 1097219: A – D, spines on pinnules, scale bars 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180921/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) on distal section of pinnules distally inclined; abaxial edge to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FBFBA92C36B6C943" box="[1098,1203,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
and adaxial edge to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FF26A9443301C97B" box="[151,260,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
; height to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE35A94433E5C97B" box="[388,480,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(measured from tip to middle of base). Spines along middle section of pinnules less distally inclined (i.e., proximal edge only
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD05A99C3124C993" box="[692,801,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and height generally no more than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FB7CA99C373FC993" box="[1229,1338,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Spines on lower part of pinnules triangular and conical in lateral view with proximal and distal edges about equal in length; height about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE21A9CC33FBC9E3" box="[400,510,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Spines generally subequal in size around circumference of axis; arranged in rows, four of which visible in lateral view. Distance between adjacent spines in each row about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FA86A9E4379CC81B" box="[1335,1433,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Spines on branches similar in size, shape and density as those on lower section of pinnules;
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FB77A83C3775C833" box="[1222,1392,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.035" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall with about four rows visible in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74A86C3340CB23" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Polyps present on some branches and pinnules; mostly
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FCD2A86C31F6C883" box="[867,1011,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter (from distal edge of distal lateral tentacles to proximal edge of proximal lateral tentacles). Density of polyps could not be determined due to poor condition. Polyps arranged in single row on pinnules; however, relative position varies somewhat from pinnule to pinnule with most located on upper side (relative to direction of branch), others occur laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD2FF74AB2B3768CA9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A25FFD2FF74AB2B33FCCB58" bold="true" box="[197,505,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A25FFD2FECCAB2B33FCCB58" box="[381,505,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. All have two secondary pinnules on at least some primary pinnules. Secondaries on younger branchlets most commonly found on anterior primaries. Secondaries present on some posterior primaries on lower parts of branches and stem. Lateral primaries generally without subpinnules on younger portions of branches, but may have one or two (usually subopposite) secondaries on older branches. Branching of corallum varies from planar with relatively short branchlets (USNM 77111) to more bushy (USNM 1086635) with more elongate and somewhat overlapping branches. Density of primary pinnules ranges from 24–33 per centimeter. Length of primary pinnules also variable, usually less than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FBD2AA34369ACA4B" box="[1123,1183,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
(to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FB60AA343715CA4B" box="[1233,1296,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
). In USNM 77111 maximum width of some branchlets
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD1BAA4C3107CA63" box="[682,770,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Spines on USNM 77111 and USNM 1086635 mostly
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FF26AA643344CA9B" box="[151,321,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall (to
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE2CAA6433FDCA9B" box="[413,504,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD88AA6430C2CA9B" box="[569,711,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart. Three or four rows of spines visible in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A25FFD3FF74AABC33BDCCC3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,458]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus id="BA7562E20A25FFD2FF74AABC332ECAB3" box="[197,299,1952,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A25FFD2FEC2AABC33BECAB3" box="[371,443,1952,1978]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MNRJ 5150) planar,
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FD72AABC3127CAB3" box="[707,802,1952,1978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="19.5">19.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and 15.0 cm wide: unpinnulated part of stem
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FAC6AABC32BBCAED" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="3.3">3.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, basal stem diameter
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A25FFD2FE73AAD63008CAED" box="[450,525,1994,2020]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Corallum branched to second order; distal branch angles about 45o. Lateral primary pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FED7AD8433D1CDBB" box="[358,468,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; anterior and posterior primary pinnules usually not more than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FB49AD84375CCDBB" box="[1272,1369,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Pinnules 2.5–3.0 mm apart in each row (four or five per centimeter) with 24–30 pinnules per cm total for all rows. One or two (subopposite) secondary pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FCBAADF43168CC0B" box="[779,877,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, on anterior, lateral and posterior primary pinnules. Subopposite secondary pinnules not very common; confined to branches in middle of corallum. Tertiary pinnules rarely present on anterior or posterior secondaries; maximum size 2.0 mm. Spines on distal portion of pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FEEAAC7C300DCC73" box="[347,520,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall; spines on lower portions of pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FBB3AC7C36B6CC73" box="[1026,1203,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Six rows of spines visible in lateral view. Distance between spines in one row
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FCE7AC9431F3CCAB" box="[854,1014,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.235" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; five or six spines per millimeter in each row. Polyps absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31B18CC80A24FFD3FF26AB473059CB9C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180919/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[282,1257,535,1584]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A24FFD3FF26AB473059CB9C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1627,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FF26AB47331CCB7A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FE90AB473047CB7B" box="[289,578,1627,1650]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FE90AB473047CB7B" box="[289,578,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Chrysopathes micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C89BD290A24FFD3FDF8AB4730C9CB7B" box="[585,716,1627,1650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, entire corallum; B, cross section of branch showing pinnules and subpinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A24FFD3FF74ABF730F8CAFC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1771,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FF74ABF7336ECA0C" bold="true" box="[197,363,1771,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FECDABF730BFCA0D" box="[380,698,1771,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FECDABF730BFCA0D" box="[380,698,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Chrysopathes micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FC78ABF73668CA0D" box="[969,1133,1771,1797]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oligocrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FC78ABF731D9CA0D" box="[969,988,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FC5DABF73668CA0D" box="[1004,1133,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">oligocrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily on the basis of the number of secondary pinnules present on the primary pinnules. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FC55AA0F3699CA25" box="[996,1180,1811,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FC55AA0F31F2CA25" box="[996,1015,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FBB9AA0F3699CA25" box="[1032,1180,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are as many as two secondaries per primary, and these occur in subopposite pairs, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FB9FAA2736D7CA5D" box="[1070,1234,1851,1877]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oligocrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FB9FAA273644CA5D" box="[1070,1089,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FBE0AA2736D7CA5D" box="[1105,1234,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">oligocrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is only one secondary per primary. Also, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FDA2AA7F30CCCA75" box="[531,713,1891,1917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FDA2AA7F3023CA75" box="[531,550,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FD84AA7F30CCCA75" box="[565,713,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the pinnules are spaced closer together (24–33 per cm) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FF4CAA9733A4CAAD" box="[253,417,1931,1957]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oligocrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FF4CAA973315CAAD" box="[253,272,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FE91AA9733A4CAAD" box="[288,417,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">oligocrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(usually 18–21 per cm). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FD56AA973198CAAD" box="[743,925,1931,1957]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FD56AA9730FFCAAD" box="[743,762,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FCB8AA973198CAAD" box="[777,925,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spines tend to be more appressed to the axis, especially those near the tips of the pinnules, and the polyps are slightly larger (
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FBC3AAAF3704CAC4" box="[1138,1281,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter) than those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A24FFD3FE1DAAC7304BCAFD" box="[428,590,2011,2037]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oligocrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FE1DAAC733BACAFD" box="[428,447,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A24FFD3FE7CAAC7304BCAFD" box="[461,590,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">oligocrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A24FFD3FDEFAAC730F4CAFC" box="[606,753,2011,2037]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A2BFFDCFF74AD8436DBCC73" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
A species found in the Pacific,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFDF2AD843186CDBB" authority="Opresko 2003" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2003" box="[579,899,152,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFDF2AD843053CDB8" box="[579,598,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFDD9AD8430C8CDB8" box="[616,717,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="015FA1B10A2BFFDCFD66AD843186CDBB" author="Opresko" box="[727,899,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFBD9AD843724CDB8" box="[1128,1313,152,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFBD9AD84367ECDB8" box="[1128,1147,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFB3CAD843724CDB8" box="[1165,1313,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having more than one subpinnule on the primaries. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFD09ADDC316BCDD0" box="[696,878,192,218]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFD09ADDC30CECDD0" box="[696,715,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFD6BADDC316BCDD0" box="[730,878,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the subpinnules are more regularly in subopposite pairs. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFE00ADF4303CCC08" box="[433,569,232,258]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFE00ADF433C1CC08" box="[433,452,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFE65ADF4303CCC08" box="[468,569,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have more than two secondaries on a primary, and tertiary pinnules. These species can also be differentiated by the size of the spines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFC01AC0C3632CC20" box="[944,1079,272,298]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFC01AC0C31C6CC20" box="[944,963,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFC63AC0C3632CC20" box="[978,1079,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the pinnular spines are mostly
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2BFFDCFF26AC243347CC5B" box="[151,322,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
(maximum
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2BFFDCFE63AC243038CC5B" box="[466,573,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and stand out from the axis, whereas those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFBD6AC24371BCC58" box="[1127,1310,312,338]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFBD6AC24367FCC58" box="[1127,1146,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFB3BAC24371BCC58" box="[1162,1310,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally not more than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2BFFDCFEC5AC7C33D8CC73" box="[372,477,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
(maximum
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2BFFDCFDDDAC7C30CFCC73" box="[620,714,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and are more appressed to the axial surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="31B18CC80A2BFFDCFF26AA00373ECA5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180920/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[264,1322,420,1796]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A2BFFDCFF26AA00373ECA5F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1820,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFF26AA00331ECA3D" bold="true" box="[151,283,1820,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDCFE94AA00304CCA3A" box="[293,585,1820,1843]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFE94AA00304CCA3A" box="[293,585,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Chrysopathes micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C89BD290A2BFFDCFDE3AA0030DDCA3A" box="[594,728,1820,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 1097219: A, cross section of branch showing arrangement of pinnules and subpinnules: B, close-up view of basal portion of subopposite secondary pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A2BFFDDFF74AAAD3636CCC3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A2BFFDDFF74AAAD3636CCC3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1969,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,578]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFF74AAAD3332CAC2" bold="true" box="[197,311,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Another specimen found in the RSMAS collection (from RV
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDCFBA7AAAE3687CAC2" box="[1046,1154,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pillsbury</emphasis>
|
||
sta. 741, 1052–
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2BFFDCFA8DAAAE379DCAC5" box="[1340,1432,1970,1996]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.066" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="1066.0">1066 m</quantity>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A2BFFDCFF72AAC6333BCAFD" box="[195,318,2010,2036]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A2BFFDCFEFCAAC633CFCAFD" box="[333,458,2010,2036]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="92" value="11.796667">11°47.8’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A2BFFDCFE68AAC6305BCAFD" box="[473,606,2010,2036]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="92" value="-66.113335">66°06.8”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A2BFFDCFD3BAAC63102CAFD" box="[650,775,2010,2036]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="92" value="11.873333">11°52.4’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="00FABA870A2BFFDCFCA7AAC63198CAFD" box="[790,925,2010,2036]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="92" value="-66.23333">66°14.0”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) may represent a third species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2BFFDDFA8CAAC632E1CDB8" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2BFFDDFA8CAAC632E1CDB8" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Chrysopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Atlantic. This specimen has more extensive subpinnulation than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2CEA7C30A2AFFDDFBF3AD8436FFCDB8" box="[1090,1274,152,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Chrysopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="micracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFBF3AD843650CDB8" box="[1090,1109,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFBD7AD8436FFCDB8" box="[1126,1274,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">micracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subpinnules occur on all primaries, although they are less common on the laterals. There are as many as three secondaries per primary. Where there are two or more secondaries they occur in a subopposite pair or in a cluster of three. Tertiary pinnules are present and these appear to be confined to the secondaries on the anterior primaries (polyps are not present on the specimen; therefore, the anterior/posterior orientation of the pinnules is difficult to discern). The primary pinnules are generally not more than
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2AFFDDFCE9AC7C3198CC73" box="[856,925,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and there are 24–27 primary pinnules per cm. The spines are about
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2AFFDDFD81AC94309DCCAB" box="[560,664,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall. The poor condition of the specimen and the fact that only one specimen is available for study precludes establishing a new taxon at this time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A2AFFDDFF74ACCB36F2CCFB" box="[197,1271,471,498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A2AFFDDFF74ACCB36F2CCFB" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,578]" box="[197,1271,471,498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFF74ACCB334FCCF8" bold="true" box="[197,330,471,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name is derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFCD3ACC431A0CCF8" box="[866,933,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">micro</emphasis>
|
||
(small) and
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFB88ACC4369DCCF8" box="[1081,1176,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">acantha</emphasis>
|
||
(spine).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DD48FCB0A2AFFDDFF74ACE33178CF4B" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6571DC400A2AFFDDFF74ACE33178CF4B" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="57BA00520A2AFFDDFF74ACE3335BCF10" bold="true" box="[197,350,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The species has been collected in the western Atlantic, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A2AFFDDFBF4AF1C3688CF13" box="[1093,1165,512,538]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
north to off the southeastern coast of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1DD99CD00A2AFFDDFECEAF3433B6CF4B" box="[383,435,552,578]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="A23671A50A2AFFDDFD7DAF34317CCF4B" box="[716,889,552,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.94" metricValueMax="11.3" metricValueMin="6.58" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="894.0" valueMax="1130.0" valueMin="658.0">658 to 1130 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |