541 lines
93 KiB
XML
541 lines
93 KiB
XML
<document id="D3A5B17AFE68F3ED68FDDBD198FCD490" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198352" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a90dd617-0551-485a-9cff-3cb9b78a898e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198352" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460293763645" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bolek, Matthew G., Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Hanelt, Ben & Richardson, Dennis J." docDate="2010" docId="03F687C1FFF96066FF6FFA442F6EE622" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02631p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2631" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chordodes janovyi Bolek, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Hanelt & Richardson, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFCFFFB9FFFF606AFFF8FF972D0AE570" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the African Chordodes albibarbatus Montgomery 1898, and description of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) and its non-adult stages from Cameroon, Africa" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698251743244" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E7A14432DDE88FD8101649C1FFC23474">Redescription of the African Chordodes albibarbatus Montgomery 1898, and description of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) and its non-adult stages from Cameroon, Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4DCADF548272D1C22F5AA65A4DD1EFEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0E6E121DFE0E98913DE378BD85E4D71B">Bolek, Matthew G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2AE7C01028F136A61CE6508E808164E5">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C05AA2A6DA8177EE683B74EDB20CEC42" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3B6F5FB4A4A28D0D168B5AB696CBF9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2EB6104FD35D9F4BAA522371E4A88289">Hanelt, Ben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1818AD2A820D862121F6243D78B18B07" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="139B09451AC30C48DEB353C4CBEF5E46">Richardson, Dennis J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E00EC88CD99BAD019E9A6EE49D5DD707">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="99C3DDD65C1D3999B7EB2F7C4FFF25A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="351F455C342AEE2121C8C1AAB5628E2B">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B2866B387DB5C0FC8296C99F31E8439">2631</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8E3C8D4D2EABD0DED85DEC1649B23125" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198352</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B77D73233D0191F2E0DBF92DFD603784" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F687C1FFF96066FF6FFA442F6EE622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204024" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687C1FFF96066FF6FFA442F6EE622" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687C1FFF96066FF6FFA442F6EE622" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C345655CFFF9606CFF6FFA442C3CE360" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF6FFA442CC8E09D" blockId="6.[151,450,1491,1552]" box="[151,450,1491,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0A881BBFFF9606CFF6FFA442CC8E09D" bold="true" box="[151,450,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF6FFA442CC8E09D" bold="true" box="[151,450,1491,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF9606CFF6FFA442C72E09D" ID-CoL="5YCJP" box="[151,376,1491,1517]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF6FFA442C72E09D" bold="true" box="[151,376,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857BEFFF9606CFE87FA442CC8E09D" box="[383,450,1491,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF6FFA612C3CE360" blockId="6.[151,450,1491,1552]" box="[151,310,1526,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF9606CFF67FA612C27E360" box="[159,301,1526,1552]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,258,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox-0="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. SEM of larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Ventral side; note two posterior spines (PS). Scale bar = 2 μm. (B) Close up of ventral posterior side showing the pseudointestine gland opening (PSGO); AS anterior spine. Scale bar = 400 nm. (C) Larva anterior end; note stylet (S). Scale bar = 1 μm. (D) Close up of stylet from (C). SS stylet spines; note arrangement of five spines (two aligned pairs and one single spine above) on the dorsal and ventral sides of the style. Scale bar = 1 μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Chordodes janovyi n. sp. cysts recovered from an experimentally infected Physa gyrina snail. (A) An immature cyst. Note the single folding pattern. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Mature cysts; note the clear halo surrounding the encysted larvae. Scale bar = 20 μm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/198359/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/198360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Figures 4–8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C345655CFFF9606DFF6FF9D72DEBE5A7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF6FF9D72EC5E3F0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF6FF9D72C1CE32A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF9606CFF6FF9D72C18E32A" box="[151,274,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD5EFFF9606CFEE7F9D72C78E32A" box="[287,370,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
collected from Menoua River Drainage in the village of Bawa in the West Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3487647FFF9606CFF6FF9F12C1EE3F0" box="[151,276,1638,1664]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Zoological Museum Hamburg, accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940CAB34FFF9606CFC91F9F12EC1E3F0" box="[873,971,1638,1664]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13291" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="EnaNcbi">V13291</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF3DF91C2EE5E3BA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF91C2C4BE3D5" bold="true" box="[197,321,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF9606CFF3DF91C2C36E3D5" box="[197,316,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD5EFFF9606CFEB1F91C2CBAE3D5" box="[329,432,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
collected from, Menoua River Drainage in the village of Bawa in the West Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3487647FFF9606CFF4EF9272C39E3BA" box="[182,307,1712,1738]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Zoological Museum Hamburg, accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940CAB34FFF9606CFC70F9272EE0E3BA" box="[904,1002,1712,1738]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13292" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="EnaNcbi">V13292</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF3DF9422C54E265" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF9422F18E39F" bold="true" box="[197,530,1749,1775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Other material deposited:</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae from laboratory cultures, Zoological Museum Hamburg, accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940CAB34FFF9606CFF00F96C2C50E265" box="[248,346,1787,1813]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13293" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="EnaNcbi">V13293</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF3DF8B72E8BE210" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF8B72C71E24A" bold="true" box="[197,379,1824,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF9606CFF3DF8B72C0EE24A" box="[197,260,1824,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Menoua River Drainage in the village of Bawa approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B32FFF9606CFB5BF8B729F8E24A" box="[1187,1266,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
|
||
southwest of Dschang in the West Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3487647FFF9606CFDE6F8D12F92E210" box="[542,664,1862,1888]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5010FFF9606CFD51F8D12E08E210" box="[681,770,1862,1888]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="5.4">5°24’N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5010FFF9606CFCF7F8D12E7EE210" box="[783,884,1862,1888]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="10.05">10°03’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF3DF8FC2CD6E2F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" box="[197,476,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF8FC2C84E2F5" bold="true" box="[197,398,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Other localities:</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606CFF3DF8072909E2DA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" box="[197,1027,1936,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF8072C1EE2DA" bold="true" box="[197,276,1936,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
Definitive: unknown, paratenic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF9606CFD61F8062E3EE2DA" box="[665,820,1937,1962]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gyrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFD61F8062E3EE2DA" box="[665,820,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Physa gyrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the laboratory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF9606DFF3DF8222DEBE5A7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1600,2037]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF9606CFF3DF8222CB4E2BF" bold="true" box="[197,446,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
Free-living adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF9606CFD20F8212E4AE2A0" box="[728,832,1974,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF9606CFC2BF8212936E2A0" box="[979,1084,1974,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, egg strings, eggs, larvae and cysts. SEM midbody of free-living adult male and female, and larvae, and LM anterior, posterior ends and midbody of free-living adult male and female; egg strings, eggs, larvae, and cysts from laboratory infected snails.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C345655CFFF8606DFF3DFF752CF2E452" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFF752CF2E452" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFF3DFF752C52E58C" bold="true" box="[197,344,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is named in honor of John Janovy Jr., who has supported our work on nematomorphs over the years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C345655CFFF86061FF3DFEBA2EA7E0B6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFEBA29D7E4C6" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFF3DFEBA2CC9E437" bold="true" box="[197,451,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Description of male:</emphasis>
|
||
The body color is dark brown with the anterior end whitish, no dark collar present. Whitish coloration blends into the normal coloration of the remaining body. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B32FFF8606DFB1CFEC52833E41C" box="[1252,1337,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="86.0">86 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the midbody diameter is 500 µm. The anterior end is distinctly tapering with a degenerate mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFAF9FEE02843E4E1" box="[1281,1353,375,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFCDAFE0B2E60E4C6" box="[802,874,412,438]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The cloacal opening is oval.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFE562CD0E659" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The body cuticle contains five
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF8606DFDD4FE562F60E4AB" box="[556,618,449,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of areoles. Simple areoles are the most abundant, they are low (3µm), oval to round, 3–5 µm in diameter, and their surface is smooth or structured into denticles and canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFA93FE712DA2E755" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Simple areoles are separated by interareolar furrows, 2–5 µm apart. Interareolar furrows contain canals running laterally across the cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFDB3FDA62F9FE73B" box="[587,661,561,587]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Scattered among the simple areoles are tubercles, thorn, and crowned areoles surrounded by circumcluster areoles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFCE0FDC22E60E71F" box="[792,874,597,623]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4D, 4E, 4F). Thorn areoles are rare, and they are 22 µm (18–26) in length and 5 µm (3–6) in width at their base; whereas the filaments on tubercle areoles are 11 µm (9–12) in length and approximately 1–2 µm in width. Crowned areoles occur in pairs and have filaments that are 15–30 µm in length on top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFD24FD522E3EE7AF" box="[732,820,709,735]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4D). Crowned areoles are surrounded by 8–16 circumcluster areoles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFE58FD7D2CFBE674" box="[416,497,746,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4D). These areoles are taller (4–6 µm) than simple areoles, with small bristles on top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFF09FC982C48E659" box="[241,322,783,809]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1377,194,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of male Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2 – 5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C & 4E, 4F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFCA42C8BE692" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFF3DFCA42CD7E63D" bold="true" box="[197,477,819,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Description of female:</emphasis>
|
||
The body color is light tan with the anterior and posterior ends whitish in color; with no dark collar present on the anterior end. The white coloration blends into the normal coloration of the remaining body. Body length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B32FFF8606DFDEFFCE92F64E6E8" box="[535,622,894,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the diameter is 800 µm midbody. The anterior end is distinctly tapered with a degenerate mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFDD5FC342F7EE6CD" box="[557,628,931,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the posterior end is distinctly swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFB8CFC3429B6E6CD" box="[1140,1212,931,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B), and the cloacal opening is terminal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFC7A2927E040" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
As in males, the body cuticle of females contains five
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF8606DFC96FC7A2EA5E177" box="[878,943,1005,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of areoles. Simple areoles are the most abundant, they are low (3 µm), oval to round, 8–15 µm in diameter, with a smooth surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFB17FB852848E15C" box="[1263,1346,1042,1068]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 5D). Simple areoles are separated by interareolar furrows, 1–5 µm apart. Unlike the male, interareolar furrows do not contain canals running laterally across the cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFCE1FBCB2E55E106" box="[793,863,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Scattered among the simple areoles there are tubercle and thorn areoles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFE2BFB152F29E1EC" box="[467,547,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 5E, 5F). Thorn areoles are more common than on the male specimen, and they are 20 µm (17–22) in length and 5 µm (4–6) in width at their base; whereas the filaments on tubercle areoles are 10 µm (8–12) in length and approximately 1–2 µm in width. Crowned areoles occur in pairs and have longer filaments on top than in the males being 30–70 µm in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFC03FB662947E07B" box="[1019,1101,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 5D). Crowned areoles are surrounded by 7–12 circumcluster areoles with small bristles on top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFC3AFA81290DE040" box="[962,1031,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1427,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype of female Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFAAD2988E0B4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFF3DFAAD2E17E024" bold="true" box="[197,797,1338,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Description of oviposition, egg strings, and eggs:</emphasis>
|
||
During oviposition the female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF8606DFB72FAAC2808E024" box="[1162,1282,1339,1364]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFB72FAAC2808E024" box="[1162,1282,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attached egg strings in a continuous zigzag pattern around a small branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFC8FFAF72EB5E00A" box="[887,959,1376,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Egg string width was 385 µm (250– 600); whereas individual undeveloped eggs were 36.2 µm (30–40) in length and 30.3 µm (27–35) in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFF67FA3D2DECE0B4" box="[159,230,1450,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Larvae developed in eggs within 2–5 weeks at room temperature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFBE0FA3D2954E0B4" box="[1048,1118,1450,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DFA47289BE3B8" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFF3DFA472CC2E099" box="[197,456,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Description of larvae</emphasis>
|
||
: Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF8606DFDADFA472FDBE099" box="[597,721,1488,1513]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF8606DFDADFA472FDBE099" box="[597,721,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed a cylindrical body divided by a septum into two regions, the preseptum and a postseptum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFD75FA632FDFE37E" box="[653,725,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The preseptum was 22.8 µm (18–30) in length and 15.0 µm (14–17) in width and contained an evertable stylet 13.8 µm (11–15) in length and 4.2 µm (3.5–5) in width; whereas the postseptum was 25.7 µm (21–32) in length and 12.5 µm (12–17) in width and contained a clearly visible pseudointestine. The pseudointestine was v-shaped with unequal branches positioned anteriorly and was 13.3 µm (10–17) in length and 8.3 µm (7–10) in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFC9EF91E2EB2E3D3" box="[870,952,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 6E). Three weeks after hatching free– living larvae secreted thread like projections by empting their pseudointestine and stopped moving (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFAD2F939287BE3B8" box="[1322,1393,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF8606DFF3DF9452F7AE280" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Externally, larvae were superficially annulated and the postseptum contained two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFE91F96F2CB3E262" box="[361,441,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G & 7A); the pseudointestine exterior opening was centrally located between pairs of anterior and posterior terminal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFD98F88A2FA2E247" box="[608,680,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM of larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Ventral side; note two posterior spines (PS). Scale bar = 2 μm. (B) Close up of ventral posterior side showing the pseudointestine gland opening (PSGO); AS anterior spine. Scale bar = 400 nm. (C) Larva anterior end; note stylet (S). Scale bar = 1 μm. (D) Close up of stylet from (C). SS stylet spines; note arrangement of five spines (two aligned pairs and one single spine above) on the dorsal and ventral sides of the style. Scale bar = 1 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198359/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The preseptum contained three sets of cuticular hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFA99F88A2DAFE22C" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H & 7C, 7D). These contained seven hooks in the outer ring, two of which are very close together and ventrally positioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFE6DF8F02CD6E2F1" box="[405,476,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H), and six hooks in the second (middle) and third (inner) rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFB1CF8F0283CE2F1" box="[1252,1334,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 6H & 7C). The dorsal and ventral side of the anterior tip of the laterally flattened stylet each contained five spines (two aligned pairs and one single spine above); whereas the left lateral side of the stylet contained four papillae like structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF8606DFE48F8412F0AE280" box="[432,512,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[201,1388,194,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of Chordodes janovyi n. sp. (A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H & 7D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF20665FFFF76062FF6FF9792EB3E294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198356/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[208,1376,216,1751]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF76062FF6FF9792EB3E294" blockId="8.[151,1437,1774,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF76062FF6FF9792C13E276" bold="true" box="[151,281,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF76062FE1CF9792FA4E275" box="[484,686,1774,1797]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF76062FE1CF9792FA4E275" box="[484,686,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF76062FD4DF9792FFBE276" bold="true" box="[693,753,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857BEFFF76062FD4DF9792FFBE276" box="[693,753,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Anterior end showing the degenerate mouth (black arrow); tapered anterior end with a white cap, and no dark collar. Scale bar = 300 μm. (B) Posterior end. Note the posterior end is round with the indication of two lobes; oval cloaca (arrow). Scale bar = 300 μm. (C) SEM overview of cuticle showing simple areoles (1), tubercle areoles (2), and crowned (3) and circumcluster areoles (4). Note simple areoles are separated between neighbors by interareolar furrows by a distance of 2–5 µm apart. Scale bar = 30 μm. (D) Light microscopy showing pair of crowned areoles (3) surrounded by smaller circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) Light microscopy lateral view of two crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 30 μm. (F) Circumcluster areole with small bristles on top. Scale bar = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF20665FFFF66063FF6FF8C42FA7E29A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198357/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[159,1426,194,1846]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF66063FF6FF8C42FA7E29A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1875,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF66063FF6FF8C42C16E21B" bold="true" box="[151,284,1875,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF66063FE01F8C32FCCE21B" box="[505,710,1876,1899]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF66063FE01F8C32FCCE21B" box="[505,710,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF66063FD35F8C42E00E21B" bold="true" box="[717,778,1875,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857BEFFF66063FD35F8C42E00E21B" box="[717,778,1875,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Anterior end; note the degenerate mouth (black arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Posterior end; cloaca is terminal. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C) Overview of cuticle showing: groups of crowned and circumcluster areole with long filaments among simple areoles. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Close up of crowned areole with long filaments surrounded by circumcluster areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Thorn areole. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Tubercle areoles. Scale bar = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF20665FFFF56060FF6FF96F294DE2BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198358/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[201,1387,194,1758]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF56060FF6FF96F294DE2BF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1784,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF56060FF6FF96F2C13E260" bold="true" box="[151,281,1784,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs strings, eggs, and larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF56060FD7AF96E2E41E260" box="[642,843,1785,1808]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF56060FD7AF96E2E41E260" box="[642,843,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857BEFFF56060FCABF96F2E85E260" box="[851,911,1784,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF56060FCABF96F2E85E260" bold="true" box="[851,911,1784,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Egg strings deposited on a stick. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Undeveloped egg. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Egg with larva. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Hatched larva; note the stylet black arrow, and pseudointestine white arrow (lateral view). Scale bar = 10 μm. (E) Larvae with everted stylets. Scale bar = 12 μm. (F) Larva secreting thin threads from the pseudo intestine. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G) SEM ventral view of larva showing superficial annulation and the postseptum containing two pairs of terminal spines located ventrally. AS anterior spines; PA posterior spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (H) SEM anterior view of larva showing stylet and hook arrangement. LP lateral papillae, MH middle hook, VH ventral hooks. Scale bar = 2 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF20665FFFF46061FF6FFB0B2C99E042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198359/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1158]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF46061FF6FFB0B2C99E042" blockId="11.[151,1437,1180,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FF6FFB0B2C10E1C4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1180,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FE1DFB0B2FBAE1C3" box="[485,688,1180,1203]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FE1DFB0B2FBAE1C3" box="[485,688,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857BEFFF46061FD40FB0B2FFFE1C4" box="[696,757,1180,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FD40FB0B2FFFE1C4" bold="true" box="[696,757,1180,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Ventral side; note two posterior spines (PS). Scale bar = 2 μm. (B) Close up of ventral posterior side showing the pseudointestine gland opening (PSGO); AS anterior spine. Scale bar = 400 nm. (C) Larva anterior end; note stylet (S). Scale bar = 1 μm. (D) Close up of stylet from (C). SS stylet spines; note arrangement of five spines (two aligned pairs and one single spine above) on the dorsal and ventral sides of the style. Scale bar = 1 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF46061FF3DFAF62EA7E0B6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1377,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FF3DFAF62CDAE00B" bold="true" box="[197,464,1377,1403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Descriptions of cysts:</emphasis>
|
||
Cysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FDBBFAF52FB4E00B" box="[579,702,1378,1403]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FDBBFAF52FB4E00B" box="[579,702,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed a clear cyst wall 7.1 µm (3.5–14) in length and 6.9 µm (3.5–12) in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF46061FE51FA102CE5E0D1" box="[425,495,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,258,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Chordodes janovyi n. sp. cysts recovered from an experimentally infected Physa gyrina snail. (A) An immature cyst. Note the single folding pattern. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Mature cysts; note the clear halo surrounding the encysted larvae. Scale bar = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198360/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A & B). Fully folded larvae inside of the cyst were folded only once and were 27.6 µm (24–30) in length and 20.5 µm (17–24) in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A52FFF46061FCBBFA3B2E83E0B6" box="[835,905,1452,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,258,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,906,1678]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Chordodes janovyi n. sp. cysts recovered from an experimentally infected Physa gyrina snail. (A) An immature cyst. Note the single folding pattern. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Mature cysts; note the clear halo surrounding the encysted larvae. Scale bar = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198360/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C345655CFFF46066FF3DFA462F6EE622" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF46061FF3DFA46285DE2F6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1377,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FF3DFA462C52E09B" bold="true" box="[197,344,1489,1515]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FDCCFA452FBAE09B" box="[564,688,1490,1515]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FDCCFA452FBAE09B" box="[564,688,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain five
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF46061FCA9FA452E9AE09C" box="[849,912,1490,1516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of areoles and exhibit minor differences in cuticular morphology (number of circumcluster areoles, length of filaments on crowned areoles, distribution of thorn areoles, and presence or absence of interareolar furrows canals); thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FB7FF98B2801E345" box="[1159,1291,1564,1589]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FB7FF98B2801E345" box="[1159,1291,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sexually dimorphic.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FEE7F9D52CF5E32B" box="[287,511,1602,1627]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FEE7F9D52CF5E32B" box="[287,511,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a large group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FCB7F9D52EC5E32B" box="[847,975,1602,1627]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FCB7F9D52EC5E32B" box="[847,975,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which simple areoles are smooth or superficially structured, less so than “blackberry” areoles and clearly differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FBA9F9F02800E3F0" box="[1105,1290,1639,1664]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="albibarbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FBA9F9F02800E3F0" box="[1105,1290,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. albibarbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the simple areoles are clusters of crowned and circumcluster areoles along with thorn and tubercle areoles, whereas bulging areoles are absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF46061FDB9F9252E2BE3BC" author="Zanca" box="[577,801,1714,1740]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Zanca, F., De Villalobos, C., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Achiorno, C. (2006 a) Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa I-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937. Journal of Natural History, 40, 17 - 31." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Zanca
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FD6BF9252FC4E3BB" box="[659,718,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF46061FCD5F9252E70E3BC" author="Zanca" box="[813,890,1714,1740]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Zanca, F., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., De Villalobos, C. & Achiorno, C. (2006 b) Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa. II. Ultrastructural redescription of C. africanus Sciacchitano, 1933, C. hawkeri Camerano 1902; C. sandoensis, Sciacchitano 1937; C. schoutendeni, Sciacchitano 1933 and reinterpretation of Chordodes butensis Sciacchitano, 1937. Zootaxa, 1191, 49 - 59." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; De Villalobos
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FBC9F9252966E3BB" box="[1073,1132,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF46061FB47F9252DF6E381" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., De Villalobos, C. & Zanca, F. (2008) Summary of Chordodes species (Nematomorpha, Gordiida), with a discussion of their diagnostic characters. Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 44, 37 - 114." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Schmidt-Rhaesa
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FA7FF9252DBFE380" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of the 18 other sufficiently described African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FCD3F9402EA0E380" box="[811,938,1751,1776]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FCD3F9402EA0E380" box="[811,938,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, 13 contain simple areoles that are not of the “blackberry”
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF46061FE3AF96B2CFDE266" box="[450,503,1788,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and of those species only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FCBDF96B2802E266" authority="Linnstow 1901" authorityName="Linnstow" authorityYear="1901" box="[837,1288,1788,1814]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="digitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FCBDF96B294BE265" box="[837,1089,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes digitatus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnstow 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FAEEF96B2CDEE24C" authority="Camerano 1902" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1902" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="hawkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FAEEF96B2DF3E24B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes hawkeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF46061FEF9F8B52CDEE24C" author="Camerano" box="[257,468,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Camerano, L. (1902 b) Nuova specie di Chordodes del Sudan. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 17, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="b">Camerano 1902b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FDEDF8B52EEBE24C" authority="Sciacchitano 1937" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1937" box="[533,993,1826,1852]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="mulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FDEDF8B52FF3E24B" box="[533,761,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes mülleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF46061FCF9F8B52EEBE24C" author="Sciacchitano" box="[769,993,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Sciacchitano, I. (1937) Nuovi Gordii del Congo Belga. Revue Zoologique et Botanique Africaine, 30, 141 - 151." type="journal article" year="1937">Sciacchitano 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain five
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E48875FFF46061FB7BF8B529C9E24C" box="[1155,1219,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of areoles. These species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FE71F8D02F02E210" box="[393,520,1863,1888]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FE71F8D02F02E210" box="[393,520,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characteristics:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FC52F8D02931E210" box="[938,1083,1863,1888]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="digitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FC52F8D02931E210" box="[938,1083,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. digitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains crowned areoles in groups of three,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FEAFF8FB2CD2E2F5" box="[343,472,1900,1925]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="hawkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FEAFF8FB2CD2E2F5" box="[343,472,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. hawkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains bulging areoles, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FC89F8FB2EE2E2F5" box="[881,1000,1900,1925]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="mulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FC89F8FB2EE2E2F5" box="[881,1000,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. mülleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not contain thorn areoles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036D7FFF46066FF3DF8052F6EE622" blockId="11.[151,1437,1377,2001]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,850]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Observations on the oviposition behavior, egg strings, eggs, larvae and cysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FB78F80529F0E2DB" box="[1152,1274,1938,1963]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FB78F80529F0E2DB" box="[1152,1274,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that non adult characteristics of this species are most similar to other species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF46061FB48F8202839E2A0" box="[1200,1331,1975,2000]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF46061FB48F8202839E2A0" box="[1200,1331,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are distinct from genera and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FDA8FF0F2E30E5C2" authority="Linn 1758" authorityName="Linn" authorityYear="1758" box="[592,826,152,178]" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FDA8FF0F2FB9E5C1" box="[592,691,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FD43FF0F2E30E5C2" author="Linn" box="[699,826,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Linne, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, 10 th edn, Vol. 1 (from Facsimile 1956). London: Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History)." type="journal article" year="1758">Linn 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FC80FF0F29D6E5C2" authority="Camerano 1897" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1897" box="[888,1244,152,178]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FC80FF0F2918E5C1" box="[888,1042,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Paragordius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FBE2FF0F29D6E5C2" author="Camerano" box="[1050,1244,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Camerano L. (1897) Monografia dei Gordei. Memoire delle Reale Accademia delle Science di Torino, Italy, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">Camerano 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which such characteristics are available (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FE16FF2A2F73E5A7" author="Inoue" box="[494,633,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Inoue, I. (1958) Studies on the life history of Chordodes japonensis, a species of Gordiacea. I. The development and structure of the larva. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 12, 203 - 218." type="journal article" year="1958">Inoue 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FD7FFF2A2E55E5A7" author="Bohall" box="[647,863,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Bohall, P. J., Wells, M. R. & Chandler, C. M. (1997) External morphology of larvae of Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha). Invertebrate Biology, 116, 26 - 29." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Bohall
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FD25FF2A2E13E5A6" box="[733,793,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FC94FF2A2979E5A7" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa" box="[876,1139,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (1997) Nematomorpha. In: Schwoerbel, J. & Zwick, P. (Eds.), Sußwasserfauna Mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1997">Schmidt-Rhaesa 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FB79FF2A2892E5A7" author="Bolek" box="[1153,1432,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Bolek, M. G. & Coggins, J. R. (2002) Seasonal occurrence, morphology, and observations on the life history of Gordius difficilis (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) from southeastern Wisconsin, United States. Journal of Parasitology, 88, 287 - 294." type="journal article" year="2002">Bolek & Coggins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FF6FFF752CAEE58C" author="Hanelt" box="[151,420,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Hanelt, B. & Janovy, J., Jr. (2002) Morphometric analysis of non-adult characters of common species of American gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Journal of Parasitology, 88, 557 - 562." type="journal article" year="2002">Hanelt & Janovy 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FE49FF752FBDE58C" author="Marchiori" box="[433,695,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Marchiori, N. C., Pereira, J. Jr. & Castro, L. A. S. (2009) Morphology of larval Gordius dimorphus (Gordiida: Nematomorpha). Journal of Parasitology, 95, 1218 - 1220." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Marchiori,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FDCDFF752F63E58B" box="[565,617,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FCF4FF752E8FE58B" box="[780,901,226,251]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FCF4FF752E8FE58B" box="[780,901,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FB4AFF752C82E452" authority="Montgomery 1898" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1898" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="morgani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FB4AFF752897E58B" box="[1202,1437,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Chordodes morgani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FF6FFE9F2C82E452" author="Montgomery" box="[151,392,264,290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Montgomery, T. H. (1898 c) The Gordiacea of certain American collections. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 11, 493 - 496." type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="c">Montgomery 1898c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposit egg strings on twigs and detritus in a zigzag pattern, whereas European, and North and South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FE23FEBA2F30E436" box="[475,570,301,326]" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FE23FEBA2F30E436" box="[475,570,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FD8BFEBA2E0DE436" box="[627,775,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Paragoridus</emphasis>
|
||
species deposit free
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B32FFF36066FC03FEBA2961E437" box="[1019,1131,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B32FFF36066FB1EFEBA2825E437" box="[1254,1327,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
long egg strings into the water, respectively. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FD41FEC52E3EE41B" box="[697,820,338,363]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FD41FEC52E3EE41B" box="[697,820,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FCBCFEC52EC0E41B" box="[836,970,338,363]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="morgani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FCBCFEC52EC0E41B" box="[836,970,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. morgani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FBFDFEC52896E41C" authority="Inoue 1952" authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1952" box="[1029,1436,338,364]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="japonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FBFDFEC52807E41B" box="[1029,1293,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Chordodes japonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FAEDFEC52896E41C" author="Inoue" box="[1301,1436,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Inoue, I. (1952) On a new species of Chordodes (Gordiacea) from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 25, 400 - 402." type="journal article" year="1952">Inoue 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also similar in the structure of their pseudointestine (v-shaped, with unequal branches positioned anteriorly), whereas the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FD3CFE0A298BE4C7" authority="Leidy 1851" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1851" box="[708,1153,413,439]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="varius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FD3CFE0A2ECDE4C6" box="[708,967,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Paragordius varius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FC22FE0A297CE4C7" author="Leidy" box="[986,1142,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Leidy, J. (1851) On the Gordiaceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 262 - 263, 266 and 275." type="journal article" year="1851">Leidy 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an elongate oval pseudointestine with a pair of anterior granules and North American and European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FB78FE5529EBE4AB" box="[1152,1249,450,475]" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FB78FE5529EBE4AB" box="[1152,1249,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, have a single elongated oval pseudointestine subdivided into unequal portions anteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FB77FE7F2815E772" author="Inoue" box="[1167,1311,488,514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Inoue, I. (1958) Studies on the life history of Chordodes japonensis, a species of Gordiacea. I. The development and structure of the larva. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 12, 203 - 218." type="journal article" year="1958">Inoue 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Schmidt-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FF6FFD9A2C32E757" author="Rhaesa" box="[151,312,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (1997) Nematomorpha. In: Schwoerbel, J. & Zwick, P. (Eds.), Sußwasserfauna Mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1997">Rhaesa 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FEBDFD9A2F55E757" author="Hanelt" box="[325,607,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Hanelt, B. & Janovy, J., Jr. (2002) Morphometric analysis of non-adult characters of common species of American gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Journal of Parasitology, 88, 557 - 562." type="journal article" year="2002">Hanelt & Janovy 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FC41FD9A293DE756" box="[953,1079,525,550]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FC41FD9A293DE756" box="[953,1079,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is flattened laterally as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FA78FD9A2C08E73B" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="morgani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FA78FD9A2C08E73B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. morgani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with spines and/or papillae on the dorsal, ventral and left lateral sides but differs from the dorsoventrally flattened stylet with three aligned pairs of spines on the left and right lateral sides of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FAC4FDCF2CB8E7E7" authority="Poinar 1991" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="1991" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FAC4FDCF2C1DE7E6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius dimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FEE7FDEA2CB8E7E7" author="Poinar" box="[287,434,637,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Poinar, G. O., Jr. (1991) Hairworm (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) parasites of New Zealand wetas (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 1592 - 1599." type="journal article" year="1991">Poinar 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FE3AFDEA2FABE7E7" author="Bohall" box="[450,673,637,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Bohall, P. J., Wells, M. R. & Chandler, C. M. (1997) External morphology of larvae of Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha). Invertebrate Biology, 116, 26 - 29." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Bohall
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FDE4FDEA2F50E7E6" box="[540,602,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FD56FDEA2EB7E7E7" author="Marchiori" box="[686,957,637,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Marchiori, N. C., Pereira, J. Jr. & Castro, L. A. S. (2009) Morphology of larval Gordius dimorphus (Gordiida: Nematomorpha). Journal of Parasitology, 95, 1218 - 1220." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Marchiori,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FCCFFDEA2E66E7E6" box="[823,876,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the cysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FB30FDEA284EE7E6" box="[1224,1348,637,662]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FB30FDEA284EE7E6" box="[1224,1348,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FA79FDEA2DF4E7CB" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="morgani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FA79FDEA2DF4E7CB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. morgani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also more similar in morphology to each other than to cysts of other genera and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FF6FFD5F2DFCE791" box="[151,246,712,737]" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FF6FFD5F2DFCE791" box="[151,246,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FED6FD5F2CCBE791" box="[302,449,712,737]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FED6FD5F2CCBE791" box="[302,449,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Paragordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FDCEFD5F2FA5E791" box="[566,687,712,737]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="janovyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FDCEFD5F2FA5E791" box="[566,687,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. janovyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FD1EFD5F2E60E791" box="[742,874,712,737]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="morgani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FD1EFD5F2E60E791" box="[742,874,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">C. morgani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are folded only once, and differ from cysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FA7EFD5F2DEBE676" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="varius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FA7EFD5F2DEBE676" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">P. varius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are also folded once but have hooks protruding from their preseptum, whereas cysts of North American and European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D54FFF36066FE33FC852F24E65B" box="[459,558,786,811]" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEAC5FFF36066FE33FC852F24E65B" box="[459,558,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Gordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are all folded three times (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FBEBFC85282FE65C" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa" box="[1043,1317,786,812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (1997) Nematomorpha. In: Schwoerbel, J. & Zwick, P. (Eds.), Sußwasserfauna Mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1997">Schmidt-Rhaesa 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FACBFC852C34E622" author="Bolek" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Bolek, M. G. & Coggins, J. R. (2002) Seasonal occurrence, morphology, and observations on the life history of Gordius difficilis (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) from southeastern Wisconsin, United States. Journal of Parasitology, 88, 287 - 294." type="journal article" year="2002">Bolek & Coggins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B26FFF36066FEB2FCAF2F52E622" author="Hanelt" box="[330,600,824,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Hanelt, B. & Janovy, J., Jr. (2002) Morphometric analysis of non-adult characters of common species of American gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Journal of Parasitology, 88, 557 - 562." type="journal article" year="2002">Hanelt & Janovy 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |