138 lines
19 KiB
XML
138 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B10AA9BB706EAC02CCB592C4F31C1BEB">Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62D54DECF8767404D861E7CC70752AF2">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="71858016B2B52E64BA6682F8B539F794">Randolph Quek, Z. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FF00B5193358A52FE002C780CB3FFFE">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="886FD7A18294F2AAB48F8E59D195DBE0">Huang, Danwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09B08418495CF275C1EF94EF6D575B83">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0381104DFFCBB95AEAF0FA02F186FF56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFCBB95AEAF0FA02F186FF56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381104DFFCBB95AEAF0FA02F186FF56" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95BEAF0FA02F668F98B" box="[151,778,1518,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAF0FA02F668F98B" blockId="14.[151,778,1518,1545]" box="[151,778,1518,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEAF0FA02F717F98B" ID-CoL="4RW6Z" authority="Schepotieff, 1909" authorityName="Schepotieff" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,629,1518,1545]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAF0FA02F4FAF98A" bold="true" box="[151,408,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Rhabdopleura striata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCBB95BEBF8FA02F717F98B" author="Schepotieff, A." box="[415,629,1518,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" pagination="429 - 448" refId="ref24697" refString="Schepotieff, A. (1909) Die Pterobranchier des Indischen Ozeans. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 28, 429 - 448, pls. 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1909">Schepotieff, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCBB95BE8E3FA02F663F98B" box="[644,769,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[175,1413,182,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[162,1426,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Original illustrations of described species of Rhabdopleura characterized by indirect inception of ringed erect tubes from creeping tubes via an intervening adnate portion that comprises a blind-ending branch. A, Rhabdopleura normani (from Allman 1869, pl. 8, fig. 1). Note that most of the colony is adherent; only the ringed tubes (rt) are erect, the proximal part of each side branch (ppsb) is adherent and the oblique sutures are not shown. B, schematic interpretative depiction of R. normani (after Andres 1977). C, D, Rhabdopleura grimaldii (from Jullien 1890, p. 181); note that ringed erect tubes (rt) are mostly lacking, with only the adherent proximal parts of side branches (ppsb) present. D is a cropped part of C to show the proximal parts of two side branches, with fusellar sutures and Jullien’s putative ‘very fine tubes’ (vft)—actually the side walls of the tapering pectocaulus, the proximal end of which is transparent, hence the apparent gap between it and the pectocaulus of the creeping tube. E, F, Rhabdopleura striata (from Schepotieff 1909, pl. 7, figs 2, 7); E shows longitudinally striated erect parts of side branches; oblique sutures on prostrate parts omitted in E but shown in F, with characteristic web of fusellar sutures (wfs) in branch angles from main creeping tube. G, Rhabdopleura manubialis (from Jullien & Calvet, 1903, pl. 1, fig. 2) with dormant bodies (db)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821369/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95BEAF0F9DBF69AF9D2" box="[151,1016,1590,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAF0F9DBF69AF9D2" blockId="14.[151,1437,1590,2013]" box="[151,1016,1590,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFCBB95BEAF0F9DBF697F9D2" box="[151,1013,1590,1617]" country="Sri Lanka" elevation="3" location="Kankesanturai" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAF0F9DBF454F9D3" bold="true" box="[151,310,1590,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCBB95BEAF0F9DBF5B0F9D2" box="[151,210,1591,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF7F780FFCBB95BEB5BF9DBF483F9D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFCBB95AEAF0FA02F186FF56:8EF7F780FFCBB95BEB5BF9DBF483F9D2" box="[316,481,1591,1617]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Kankesanturai" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Kankesanturai</location>
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, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F33FE1CBFFCBB95BE835F9DBF7A1F9D2" box="[594,707,1591,1617]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation id="00054668FFCBB95BE8A9F9DBF63BF9D2" box="[718,857,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BE8A9F9DBF677F9D2" box="[718,789,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2‒3 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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on hardstone
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95BEAA0F9B7F67CF83A" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAA0F9B7F67CF83A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1590,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAA0F9B7F404F9F7" bold="true" box="[199,358,1626,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Key features.</emphasis>
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Inception of ringed erect tubes is indirect. The
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCBB95BE919F9B7F6CCF9F6" box="[894,942,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">type</typeStatus>
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colony was described as
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||
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BEEA8F9B7F040F9F6" box="[1231,1314,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7‒8 cm</quantity>
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long, with erect-tube height
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BEB3AF993F4B7F91A" box="[349,469,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11‒12 mm</quantity>
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and diameter
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BE811F993F7D9F91A" box="[630,699,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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; the zooid is 1.0‒
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BE9E3F992F6BBF91A" box="[900,985,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long and yellowish with pigment spots. Creeping tubes are almost straight, with few blind-ending lateral branches, all (with few exceptions) along one side only; these are proximally adherent for
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCBB95BE83CF92BF7D8F962" box="[603,698,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2‒3 mm</quantity>
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before rising perpendicularly. Unique to
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEEF6F92BF199F963" ID-CoL="4RW6Z" authorityName="Schepotieff" authorityYear="1909" box="[1169,1275,1735,1760]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEEF6F92BF199F963" box="[1169,1275,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. striata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a wedge or web of cuticle, with fusellar sutures, in the angles where lateral branches diverge from the creeping tube (
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<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCBB95BEF5DF907F0F2F886" box="[1338,1424,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[175,1413,182,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[162,1426,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Original illustrations of described species of Rhabdopleura characterized by indirect inception of ringed erect tubes from creeping tubes via an intervening adnate portion that comprises a blind-ending branch. A, Rhabdopleura normani (from Allman 1869, pl. 8, fig. 1). Note that most of the colony is adherent; only the ringed tubes (rt) are erect, the proximal part of each side branch (ppsb) is adherent and the oblique sutures are not shown. B, schematic interpretative depiction of R. normani (after Andres 1977). C, D, Rhabdopleura grimaldii (from Jullien 1890, p. 181); note that ringed erect tubes (rt) are mostly lacking, with only the adherent proximal parts of side branches (ppsb) present. D is a cropped part of C to show the proximal parts of two side branches, with fusellar sutures and Jullien’s putative ‘very fine tubes’ (vft)—actually the side walls of the tapering pectocaulus, the proximal end of which is transparent, hence the apparent gap between it and the pectocaulus of the creeping tube. E, F, Rhabdopleura striata (from Schepotieff 1909, pl. 7, figs 2, 7); E shows longitudinally striated erect parts of side branches; oblique sutures on prostrate parts omitted in E but shown in F, with characteristic web of fusellar sutures (wfs) in branch angles from main creeping tube. G, Rhabdopleura manubialis (from Jullien & Calvet, 1903, pl. 1, fig. 2) with dormant bodies (db)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821369/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
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). Fusellar collars are weakly developed, “so that at low magnification the living tubes appear clearly longitudinally striped [
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEA95F8DFF477F8CF" box="[242,277,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">i.e.</emphasis>
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having aligned vertical fusellar striae], but not transversely ringed” [“so dass bei schwacher Vergrösserung die Wohnröhren deutlich längsgestreift, nicht aber quergeringelt erscheinen” (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCBB95BE99BF8BBF1A3F8F2" author="Schepotieff, A." box="[1020,1217,1879,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" pagination="429 - 448" refId="ref24697" refString="Schepotieff, A. (1909) Die Pterobranchier des Indischen Ozeans. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 28, 429 - 448, pls. 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1909">Schepotieff 1909</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 431)]. There are 8‒10 ‘panels’ in each fusellar ‘circle’ [between fusellar collars]. The number of ‘circles’ varies from 150 to 500 depending on tube length. Fusellar height is 100‒125 μm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95AEAA0F82EF186FF56" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95AEAA0F82EF186FF56" blockId="14.[151,1437,1590,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAA0F82EF426F85F" bold="true" box="[199,324,1986,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Comment.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEB2BF82FF75FF85F" authorityName="Schepotieff" authorityYear="1909" box="[332,573,1987,2013]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEB2BF82FF75FF85F" box="[332,573,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Rhabdopleura striata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is exceptional for its large tubes and zooids, with aligned longitudinal striae in ‘panels’ within the fusellae. Furthermore, in contradistinction to
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCAB95AE9F7FF7BF172FF33" box="[912,1040,151,176]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AE9F7FF7BF172FF33" box="[912,1040,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">R. normani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
and similar species with indirectly budded erect tubes, side branches issue almost exclusively from just one side of the creeping tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |