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<document id="0E00002F3DF0733A4BE18EF0E1DD7F6A" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a18" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241936" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:34CD62EB-2344-4119-B516-2AEA9E9D27F7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732637169248" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Marquina-Blasco, Rafael, Fagoaga, Ana, Crespo, Vicente D., Martínez-Ortí, Alberto, Bailon, Salvador, Sánchez-Marco, Antonio, Gracia-Monferrer, Daniel, Santisteban, Carlos de &amp; Ruiz-Sánchez, Francisco Javier" docDate="2023" docId="8E2A0A60B069FFC47C6DB8E962E0FB43" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.22.18.409-438.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (18)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a18" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vipera latastei Bosca 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="72137218B062FFC87D4CBD7A6678FFED" masterDocTitle="Squamates, rodents, and birds from Holocene deposits of the Illa Grossa Island (Columbretes Islands, Castellón, Spain): an unexpected diverse assemblage" masterLastPageNumber="438" masterPageNumber="409" pageNumber="418" updateTime="1732856531322" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2113263BC261DC2437E4C0FF2AACEA2B">Squamates, rodents, and birds from Holocene deposits of the Illa Grossa Island (Columbretes Islands, Castellón, Spain): an unexpected diverse assemblage</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41123B781391D4CB5CD9C17666F6483C">Marquina-Blasco, Rafael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E85FE671BDDF4A7DD1424A77E90B9404">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain) &amp; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W 3), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) &amp; Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="90CEAFDA55653DC7AADF96F7D3B3DF26">Fagoaga, Ana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37AEC0DEEFCC312ED9181E13E86A5FAD">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain) &amp; Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain) &amp; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W 3), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) &amp; Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia (Portugal)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="639F4CA81FB461370F41AC0301CFE465">Crespo, Vicente D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C4E99337E3F7A6F8DDECE8544958F203">Departamento de Ciências da Terra (Geobiotec), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade da Ciências E (FCT-UNL), 2829 - 516 Caparica (Portugal) &amp; Museu da Lourinhã, 9 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530 - 158 Lourinhã (Portugal) &amp; Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1CB27353A77C03159B1142D0A97F2C2">Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain) &amp; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BA05B890926BE46DE4073913023BE6E">Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) - CNRS, case postale 55, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A2792CE087A2EDEDB218B034EAE36E4">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="107D328F177FD1B2264ED05356BDAAD7">Gracia-Monferrer, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="39431B655893C5D16F297E832CC8270D">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D33A42340A7B36DDE680C6D555265972">Santisteban, Carlos de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="610A144402175AA587F55E5CDF2C40EC">Ruiz-Sánchez, Francisco Javier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0ED54B98C13FF5838CF2F0C644ED0FF7">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain) &amp; Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A9CBEDE2C4D1693794C46C8E8FF4069E">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="554820992DBF74DCDB1C73FDDE66189A">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37C6DB8E96412FA43" ID-CoL="5BJ98" authority="Bosca, 1878" authorityName="Bosca" authorityYear="1878" box="[289,618,1427,1455]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37C6DB8E96712FA40" bold="true" box="[289,362,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Vipera</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37CDEB8EF67A7FA42" bold="true" box="[402,479,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">latastei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37CAAB8EE6412FA43" author="BOSCA E." box="[486,618,1428,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="116 - 121" refId="ref21863" refString="BOSCA E. 1878. - Note sur une forme nouvelle ou peu connue de vipere. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 3: 116 - 121." type="journal article" year="1878">Boscá, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37CD1B8CE6796FA23" blockId="11.[413,494,1459,1486]" box="[413,494,1459,1486]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
(
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B069FFC37CEAB8C9679DFA23" box="[422,485,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,751,768]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,709]" captionTargetId="figure-642@11.[131,794,213,710]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878 from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain): A, solenoglyph fang (COLT-2); B-D, precaudal vertebra (COLT-5) in anterior (B), posterior (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="26939C58B069FFC37DC8B8896702F9C8" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37DC8B88967BBF9E6" author="BOSCA E." box="[132,451,1522,1547]" page="121" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1878">
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37DC8B88967BBF9E6" ID-CoL="5BJ98" authority="Bosca, 1878: 121" authorityName="Bosca" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1878" box="[132,451,1522,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37DC8B8896775F9E7" box="[132,269,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Vipera latastei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37C59B88967BBF9E6" author="BOSCA E." box="[277,451,1523,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="116 - 121" refId="ref21863" refString="BOSCA E. 1878. - Note sur une forme nouvelle ou peu connue de vipere. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 3: 116 - 121." type="journal article" year="1878">Boscá, 1878: 121</bibRefCitation>
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(original description of the species). —
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37D90BB77670DF9C8" author="BOSCA E." box="[220,373,1549,1573]" page="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37D90BB77670DF9C8" author="BOSCA E." box="[220,373,1549,1573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="65 - 86" refId="ref21893" refString="BOSCA E. 1879. - Las viboras de Espana. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 8: 65 - 86." type="journal article" year="1879">Boscá 1879: 30</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37DC8BB3964F5F9B6" blockId="11.[132,653,1603,1627]" box="[132,653,1603,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26939C58B069FFC37DC8BB3964F5F9B6" box="[132,653,1603,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37DC8BB3967E3F9B6" ID-CoL="5BJ98" authority="Boscá, 1878" authorityName="Boscá" authorityYear="1878" box="[132,411,1603,1627]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="berus" subSpecies="aspis" variety="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37DC8BB396752F9B7" box="[132,298,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Vipera berus aspis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37C15BB3967E3F9B6" box="[345,411,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">latastei</emphasis>
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–
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37CF8BB3964F1F9B6" author="CAMERANO L." box="[436,649,1603,1627]" page="231" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37CF8BB3964F1F9B6" author="CAMERANO L." box="[436,649,1603,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="195 - 243" refId="ref22416" refString="CAMERANO L. 1889. - Monografia degli Ofidi italiani Parte Prima. Viperidi. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle scienze di Torino 39: 195 - 243." type="journal article" year="1889">Camerano 1889: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37DC8BB036450F97D" blockId="11.[132,552,1656,1680]" box="[132,552,1656,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26939C58B069FFC37DC8BB036450F97D" box="[132,552,1656,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37DC8BB036770F97D" authorityName="Bosca" authorityYear="1878" box="[132,264,1656,1680]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastii">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37DC8BB036770F97D" box="[132,264,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Vipera latastii</emphasis>
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[sic] –
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37C1DBB02645CF97D" author="BOULENGER G. A." box="[337,548,1656,1680]" page="484" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37C1DBB02645CF97D" author="BOULENGER G. A." box="[337,548,1656,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" refId="ref21994" refString="BOULENGER G. A. 1896. - Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 3. Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 727 p." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger 1896: 484</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37DC8BBD4644BF92B" blockId="11.[132,563,1710,1734]" box="[132,563,1710,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26939C58B069FFC37DC8BBD4644BF92B" box="[132,563,1710,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37DC8BBD46457F92B" author="REUSS T." box="[132,559,1710,1734]" page="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37DC8BBD46457F92B" authority="Reuss, 1930: 69" authorityName="Reuss" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1930" box="[132,559,1710,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhinaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei" subGenus="Latastea">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37DC8BBD467F2F92B" box="[132,394,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Rhinaspis (Latastea) latastei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37CDCBBD46457F92B" author="REUSS T." box="[400,559,1710,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="57 - 114" refId="ref29365" refString="REUSS T. 1930. - Uber eine neurotoxische Otterngruppe Europas, Mesocoronis 1927, und uber ihre Stellung unter den Solenoglyphen der Welt. Glasnik Zemaljskog Museja Bosne i Hercegovine 42: 57 - 114." type="journal article" year="1930">Reuss, 1930: 69</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37DC8BB9E67A3F888" blockId="11.[131,775,1763,1893]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37DC8BB9E67ECF916" box="[132,404,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37DC8BB9E6707F911" ID-CoL="5BJ98" authority="Boscá, 1878" authorityName="Boscá" authorityYear="1878" box="[132,383,1764,1788]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ammodytes" subSpecies="latastei">Vipera ammodytes latastei</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B069FFC37CD2BB9E64F5F916" author="SAINT-GIRONS" box="[414,653,1763,1788]" page="605" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37CD2BB9E64F5F916" author="SAINT-GIRONS H." box="[414,653,1763,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="599 - 607" refId="ref29866" refString="SAINT-GIRONS H. 1977. - Systematique de Vipera latastei latastei Bosca, 1878 et description de Vipera latastei gaditana. subsp. n. (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84: 599 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 91410" type="journal article" year="1977">Saint-Girons 1977: 605</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(the author pointed out that
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37C68BB85670DF8FB" ID-CoL="8FSHX" authorityName="Bosca" authorityYear="1878" box="[292,373,1790,1814]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latasti">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37C68BB85670DF8FB" box="[292,373,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">V. latasti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37CFCBB846453F8FB" box="[432,555,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">lapsus calami</emphasis>
, thus he proposed that the correct name is
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37C70BA6367EEF8DD" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1930" box="[316,406,1816,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhinaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37C70BA6367EEF8DD" box="[316,406,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">V. latastei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; designation of a
<typeStatus id="D93805D4B069FFC37F73BA6264E4F8DD" box="[575,668,1816,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
). —
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B069FFC37F84BA6366CEF8A6" author="ICZN" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" pagination="145 - 147" refId="ref25891" refString="ICZN 2017. - Opinion 2381 (Case 3629) - Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 (Reptilia, Serpentes, VIPERIDAE): conservation of the original spelling. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 73 (2 - 4): 145 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.21805 / bzn. v 73 i 2. a 20" type="book chapter" year="2017">ICZN 2017</bibRefCitation>
: opinion 2381 (case 3629), confirmation that
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B069FFC37F38BA4E64B6F8A6" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1930" box="[628,718,1843,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhinaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B069FFC37F38BA4E64B6F8A6" box="[628,718,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">V. latastei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the correct specific name for the taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB069FFC37DC8BAFE6684F807" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37DC8BAFE6684F807" blockId="11.[132,777,1923,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB069FFC37DC8BAFE669FF877" baselines="1941,1942" box="[132,231,1924,1947]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB069FFC37DA2BAF3672AF877" baselines="1942" box="[238,338,1929,1946]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB069FFC37C30BAF964B7F876" box="[380,719,1923,1947]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" specimenCode="COLT-2, COLT-10" specimenCount="15">
<specimenCount id="108570FFB069FFC37C30BAF967EDF876" box="[380,405,1923,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">15</specimenCount>
venom fangs (
<specimenCode id="5625130DB069FFC37F6EBAF964BBF876" box="[546,707,1923,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-2 and 10</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB069FFC37F99BAF96729F85B" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" specimenCode="COLT-49" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="108570FFB069FFC37F99BAF9649AF876" box="[725,738,1923,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">1</specimenCount>
left dentary (
<specimenCode id="5625130DB069FFC37D92BAE4673EF85B" box="[222,326,1950,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-49</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB069FFC37C15BAE466D6F83D" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" specimenCode="COLT-5, COLT-6, COLT-50, COLT-52" specimenCount="8">
<specimenCount id="108570FFB069FFC37C15BAE4671EF85B" box="[345,358,1950,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">8</specimenCount>
precaudal vertebrae (
<specimenCode id="5625130DB069FFC37F72BAE766DAF83D" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-5, 6, 50 and 52</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB069FFC37DF8BAC26424F83D" box="[180,604,1976,2000]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" specimenCode="COLT-51" specimenCount="8">
<specimenCount id="108570FFB069FFC37DF8BAC266B9F83D" box="[180,193,1976,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">8</specimenCount>
centra of precaudal vertebrae (
<specimenCode id="5625130DB069FFC37CA0BAC2642AF83D" box="[492,594,1976,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-51</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB069FFC37F2EBAC26684F807" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" specimenCode="COLT-53" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="108570FFB069FFC37F2EBAC26417F83D" box="[610,623,1976,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">1</specimenCount>
caudal vertebra (
<specimenCode id="5625130DB069FFC37DC7BAA8668AF807" box="[139,242,2002,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-53</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB069FFC47E61BE2C6451FBA2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="description">
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37E61BE2C65C5FC83" blockId="11.[811,1457,854,2028]" box="[813,957,854,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB069FFC37E61BE2C65C5FC83" baselines="873,873" box="[813,957,854,880]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37E61BE0F62F0FBC2" blockId="11.[811,1457,854,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
The fangs are strongly curved (
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B069FFC37920BE0F62C5FC7D" box="[1132,1213,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,751,768]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,709]" captionTargetId="figure-642@11.[131,794,213,710]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878 from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain): A, solenoglyph fang (COLT-2); B-D, precaudal vertebra (COLT-5) in anterior (B), posterior (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Their anterior surface shows an elongated, slender venom discharge distal orifice, which is long and narrow. The pulp cavity and a canal, with a circular cross-section, can be observed in the teeth. The canal is completely closed, without any groove or suture in the external surface of the teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC37E0FB94F63D6FB63" blockId="11.[811,1457,854,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">COLT-49 is a fragment of dentary bone with three dental positions, but only two teeth preserved. The teeth, which are inserted on small alveoli, are conical and curved posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B069FFC47E0FB9EE6451FBA2" blockId="11.[811,1457,854,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[131,777,885,1104]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
The precaudal vertebrae are small-sized (
<subScript id="9A07B933B069FFC379A5B9EF6356FB5F" attach="left" box="[1257,1326,1173,1202]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">CLmed</subScript>
=
<quantity id="C17B1693B069FFC3780AB9EE63D3FB42" box="[1350,1451,1172,1199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="2.76">2.76 mm</quantity>
; n = 5; σ = 0.43;
<subScript id="9A07B933B069FFC37E9AB9CE6260FB3F" attach="left" box="[982,1048,1204,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">CLmin</subScript>
=
<quantity id="C17B1693B069FFC3797EB9CE62E1FB22" box="[1074,1177,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.10 mm</quantity>
;
<subScript id="9A07B933B069FFC379EFB9CE629EFB3C" attach="left" box="[1187,1254,1204,1233]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">CLmax</subScript>
= 3.21), procoelus and longer than wide. In anterior view, the zygosphene is straight (
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B069FFC37EC1B98E65A7FAE3" box="[909,991,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,751,768]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,709]" captionTargetId="figure-642@11.[131,794,213,710]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878 from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain): A, solenoglyph fang (COLT-2); B-D, precaudal vertebra (COLT-5) in anterior (B), posterior (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). The cotyle is rounded and large. A pair of large and well-defined paracotylar foramina are present. The articular facets of the prezygapophyseal process is dorsolaterally inclined. In posterior view, the neural arch is dorsoventrally flattened (
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B069FFC37ED3B80E658EFA63" box="[927,1014,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,751,768]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,709]" captionTargetId="figure-642@11.[131,794,213,710]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878 from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain): A, solenoglyph fang (COLT-2); B-D, precaudal vertebra (COLT-5) in anterior (B), posterior (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The condyle is rounded and large. Its diameter is smaller than the neural arch one. In dorsal view, the vertebrae show a trilobated zygosphene, where the central and the lateral ones are of similar size. The neural spine runs along the whole extension of the neural arch. The prezygapophyses are anterolaterally projected, whereas the postzygapophyses are posterolaterally projected. The prezygapophyseal process is short and pointed. In ventral view, the centrum is triangular in shape, wider anteriorly than posteriorly and with not well-defined lateral margins. The subcentral foramina are situated in the anterior part of the centrum and are large and well defined. In lateral view, the neural spine is high (
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B069FFC37806BBA863D9F900" box="[1354,1441,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,751,768]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,709]" captionTargetId="figure-642@11.[131,794,213,710]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878 from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain): A, solenoglyph fang (COLT-2); B-D, precaudal vertebra (COLT-5) in anterior (B), posterior (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). The lateral margins of the neural arch are not well defined. The prezygapophyses are anterolaterally projected, whereas the postzygapophyses are posterolaterally projected. The parapophyseal process is well defined and antero-ventrally projected. The inferior margin is well defined. The centrum is transversally convex. The hypapophysis is broken, but seems to be long and straight. In ventral view, the centrum is triangular in shape. It is wider anteriorly than posteriorly. The lateral margins of the centrum are not well defined. The subcentral foramina are situated in the anterior part of the centrum and are large and well defined. The condyle and the cotyle are large and rounded. In posterior view, the diameter of the condyle is smaller than the diameter of the neural arch. The presence of a pair of haemapophysis indicates that COLT-53 belongs to a caudal vertebra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52FCEBFEB06EFFC47DC8BE6864C8FCD7" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" startId="12.[132,143,786,803]" targetBox="[204,1352,238,744]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06EFFC47DC8BE6864C8FCD7" blockId="12.[132,1455,786,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB06EFFC47DC8BE6866E5FCCE" baselines="799,800" box="[132,157,786,803]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 5. —
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47D9FBE68679FFCCE" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[211,487,786,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47D9FBE68668FFCCE" box="[211,247,786,803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">Mus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47C59BE68671CFCCE" box="[277,356,786,803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">musculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47C24BE68679FFCCE" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[360,487,786,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" refId="ref26544" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10 th Edition. Vol. 1. Vindobonae [Vienna], Typis Ioannis Thomae, 1767 - 1770, Stockholm, 532 p." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain):
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47E93BE686594FCCE" bold="true" box="[991,1004,786,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">A</emphasis>
, right m1 (COLT-31);
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC479D3BE6862D4FCCE" bold="true" box="[1183,1196,786,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">B</emphasis>
, left m1 (COLT-37);
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC4781FBE686319FCCE" bold="true" box="[1363,1377,786,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
, right M1 (COLT-38). Both pictures are in occlusal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB06EFFC47DC8B90F62E0FB43" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06EFFC47DC8B90F6690FB60" blockId="12.[130,777,1141,2028]" box="[132,232,1141,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB06EFFC47DC8B90F6690FB60" baselines="1160,1160" box="[132,232,1141,1167]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06EFFC47DC8B9EE62E0FB43" blockId="12.[130,777,1141,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[811,1457,885,1198]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">
The recovered fossils are attributable to
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47F78B9EF6400FB43" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[564,632,1173,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47F78B9EF6400FB43" box="[564,632,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">Vipera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by: the presence of a venom fang of solenoglyph
<typeStatus id="D93805D4B06EFFC47F4BB9CF644DFB22" box="[519,565,1205,1231]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">type</typeStatus>
without any groove or suture in the external surface of the tooth; the presence of a closed venom canal which originated from the dentine floding throughout ontogeny; dorsal vertebrae with hypapophysis, neural arch dorsoventrally depressed, vertebral centrum longer than wide, ventrally convex centrum with diffuse lateral margins, well developed condyle and cotyle, parapophyseal processes present, and the articular surface of the pre and postzygapophyses dorsally inclined (
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47FF0B8C9669AFA00" author="SZYNDLAR Z." pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref31295" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1984. - Fossil snakes from Poland. Acta Zoologica cracoviensia 28: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1984">Szyndlar 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47DBEB8A96703FA00" author="BAILON S." box="[242,379,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" refId="ref20385" refString="BAILON S. 1991. - Amphibiens et reptiles du Pliocene et de du Quaternaire de France et d´Espagne: mise en place et evolution des faunes. PhD thesis, Universite Paris VII, Paris, 984 p." type="book" year="1991">Bailon 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47CC6B8A9642AFA00" author="BAILON S. &amp; GARCIA-PORTA J. &amp; QUINTANA-CARDONA J." box="[394,594,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="227 - 234" refId="ref20529" refString="BAILON S., GARCIA-PORTA J. &amp; QUINTANA-CARDONA J. 2002. - Premiere decouverte de Viperidae (Reptilia, Serpentes) dans les iles Baleares (Espagne): des viperes du Neogene de Minorque. Description d'une nouvelle espece du Pliocene. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1 (4): 227 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1631 - 0683 (02) 00034 - 9" type="journal article" year="2002">
Bailon
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47C97B8AE6469FA00" box="[475,529,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47F2EB8A966B0F9E0" author="GEORGALIS G. L. &amp; VILLA A. &amp; IVANOV M. &amp; VASILYAN D. &amp; DELFINO M." pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref25123" refString="GEORGALIS G. L., VILLA A., IVANOV M., VASILYAN D. &amp; DELFINO M. 2019 a. - Fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene locality of Maramena (Greece), the most diverse European herpetofauna at the Miocene / Pliocene transition boundary. Palaeontologia Electronica 22.3.68: 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 908" type="book chapter" year="2019">
Georgalis
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47F9DB8AE657FFA00" box="[721,775,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
2019a
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the size of the examined vertebrae (CL:
<quantity id="C17B1693B06EFFC47DCFBB696692F9C0" box="[131,234,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="2.76">2.76 mm</quantity>
), the material from Illa Grossa belongs to a “European Viper” (CL &lt;
<quantity id="C17B1693B06EFFC47C1EBB4967E8F9A3" box="[338,400,1587,1614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
). Within the latest group, there are two complexes that differ in their vertebral morphology: the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47DDCBB0E676BF960" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[144,275,1651,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berus">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47DDCBB0E676BF960" box="[144,275,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">Vipera berus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” and the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47CBCBB0E6444F960" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[496,572,1652,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspis">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47CBCBB0E6444F960" box="[496,572,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">V. aspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” (
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47FF0BB096740F940" author="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. C." pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref31365" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. C. 1999. - Oldest Fossil Vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Old World. Kaupia, Darmstadter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte 8: 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1999">Szyndlar &amp; Rage 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47C0ABBE96706F940" author="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. - C." box="[326,382,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref31402" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. - C. 2002. - Fossil record of the true vipers, in SCHUETT G. W., HOGGREN M., DOUGLAS M. E. &amp; GREENE H. W. (eds) Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Utah: 419 - 444." type="book chapter" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
). Their isolated trunk vertebrae may be distinguished by their shape and size. The vertebrae of the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47DDCBBA9669BF901" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[144,227,1746,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berus">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47DDCBBA9669BF901" box="[144,227,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">V. berus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” are small, elongated, and provided with low neural spine and hypapophyses, whereas the vertebrae of the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47DFABA696685F8C1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[182,253,1811,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspis">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47DFABA696685F8C1" box="[182,253,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">V. aspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” bear more developed hypapophyses and neural spine (
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06EFFC47C55BA486469F8A1" author="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. C." box="[281,529,1842,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref31365" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. &amp; RAGE J. C. 1999. - Oldest Fossil Vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Old World. Kaupia, Darmstadter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte 8: 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1999">Szyndlar &amp; Rage 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In the material from COLT, the hypapophyses are broken but they appear to be straight and well-developed; this trait, together with the presence of a high posterior edge of the neural spine (higher than the centrum in lateral view), allow us to attribute the remains to the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC47D94BAA8675CF806" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[216,292,2002,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspis">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC47D94BAA8675CF806" box="[216,292,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">V. aspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex”. Unfortunately, the hypapophyses from the COLT fossils are broken, and the posterior edge of the neural spine is preserved only in COLT-5, where it is high (higher than the centrum in lateral view) as in the “
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC4782FBECC63D7FC22" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1379,1455,950,975]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspis">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC4782FBECC63D7FC22" box="[1379,1455,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">V. aspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” members. For morphological, palaeobiogeographical, and biostratigraphical reasons, the species present at the Illa Grossa Island most probably was
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06EFFC479E0B96C6343FBC2" authorityName="Bosca" authorityYear="1878" box="[1196,1339,1045,1071]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">
<emphasis id="34F76764B06EFFC479E0B96C6343FBC2" box="[1196,1339,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="419">Vipera latastei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore we propose here an open attribution to this taxon until new fossils can definitively settle this problem. This attribution is more extensively discussed in the section on the identity of the Columbretes snakes below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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