542 lines
71 KiB
XML
542 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D6174BE01E86E47D59882D0818C06998">Squamates, rodents, and birds from Holocene deposits of the Illa Grossa Island (Columbretes Islands, Castellón, Spain): an unexpected diverse assemblage</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C101F5D7F04B5D6FC4379E6E84630E2">Marquina-Blasco, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAB6844946B4876D4E7E29473EFE674F">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain) & Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W 3), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) & Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3650DD458B38A460BCC570AA18F0318" type="email">rafael.marquina@uv.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5397ED0CB150472EB9F122D9D72D6972">Fagoaga, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F75B401602D4D83934283C910CE01EE5">Crespo, Vicente D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A82463273205050580A80554F6600E0B">Departamento de Ciências da Terra (Geobiotec), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade da Ciências E (FCT-UNL), 2829 - 516 Caparica (Portugal) & Museu da Lourinhã, 9 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530 - 158 Lourinhã (Portugal) & Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="98E9D10E34F9E29455CC95FFDCCF0A96">Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain) & Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5040702E5E85FC384A34DB7290ED7A16">Bailon, Salvador</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B452261E51D386FEACA8CE95D52D5E1C">Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) - CNRS, case postale 55, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="256FDF66622A4633E1168FE352F920A4">Sánchez-Marco, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B803D705F0657E4D392249E879AAA25">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA1E49DD91F478250155D7B0A0E4A687">Palaeontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Àrea de Palaeontologia, Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Spain) & Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, L’Hort de Feliu, P. O. Box 8460, 46230 Alginet (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D9C4498DA11F9DBF65C8FEE0CBBABA32">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8E2A0A60B065FFC17C41BFC26266FDBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E2A0A60B065FFC17C41BFC26266FDBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E2A0A60B065FFC17C41BFC26266FDBC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="5D740C1AB065FFCF7C41BFC26406FD3D" box="[269,638,694,722]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B065FFCF7C41BFC26406FD3D" ID-CoL="TFQD" authority="(Bosca, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[269,638,694,722]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
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<emphasis id="34F76764B065FFCF7C41BFC26799FD3F" bold="true" box="[269,481,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B065FFCF7CBCBFCC640EFD3D" author="BOSCA E." box="[496,630,694,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" refId="ref21918" refString="BOSCA E. 1880. - Gongylus bedriagai, nueva subespecie de la peninsula Iberica. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 9: 50." type="journal volume" year="1880">Boscá, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB065FFCF7CC9BFAC647EFD1D" box="[389,518,726,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="description">
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<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7CC9BFAC647EFD1D" blockId="7.[389,518,726,752]" box="[389,518,726,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7CC2BFAC67B4FD1D" box="[398,460,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A-H)
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B065FFCF7DC8BE62644FFCDD" author="BOSCA E." box="[132,567,792,816]" page="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" year="1880">
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<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B065FFCF7DC8BE62644FFCDD" ID-CoL="8FRSX" authority="Bosca, 1880: 50" authorityName="Bosca" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1880" box="[132,567,792,816]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Gongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ocellatus" subSpecies="bedriagai">
|
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<emphasis id="34F76764B065FFCF7DC8BE6267F7FCDD" box="[132,399,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Gongylus ocellatus bedriagai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B065FFCF7CD4BE62644FFCDD" author="BOSCA E." box="[408,567,792,816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" refId="ref21918" refString="BOSCA E. 1880. - Gongylus bedriagai, nueva subespecie de la peninsula Iberica. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 9: 50." type="journal volume" year="1880">Boscá, 1880: 50</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(original description of the species,
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<typeStatus id="D93805D4B065FFCF7C58BE486712FCA7" box="[276,362,818,842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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designated).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DC8BE1164B9FC73" blockId="7.[132,775,875,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="26939C58B065FFCF7DC8BE1164B9FC73" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B065FFCF7DC8BE11673EFC6E" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[132,326,875,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagae">
|
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<emphasis id="34F76764B065FFCF7DC8BE11673EFC6E" box="[132,326,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chalcides bedriagae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B065FFCF7C28BE116447FC6E" author="BOULENGER G. A." box="[356,575,875,899]" page="402" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B065FFCF7C28BE116447FC6E" author="BOULENGER G. A." box="[356,575,875,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" refId="ref21946" refString="BOULENGER G. A. 1887. - Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 575 p." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger 1887: 402</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(current taxonomy established). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="87229D67B065FFCF7C65BEFC6792FC70" author="SALVADOR A." box="[297,490,901,926]" page="152" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B065FFCF7C65BEFC6792FC70" author="SALVADOR A." box="[297,490,901,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" refId="ref29921" refString="SALVADOR A. 1998. - Fauna Iberica. Vol. 10. Reptiles. Departamento de Publicaciones del CSIC, Museo Nacinal de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, 705 p." type="book" year="1998">
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<collectingCountry id="7E94FBE6B065FFCF7C65BEFC6706FC73" box="[297,382,902,926]" name="El Salvador" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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1998: 152
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="D93805D4B065FFCF7CBBBEFC642BFC73" box="[503,595,902,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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designed).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB065FFCF7DC8BEC56444FBB6" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DC8BEC56444FBB6" blockId="7.[131,775,958,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB065FFCF7DC8BEC5669FFC38" baselines="976,977" box="[132,231,959,982]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB065FFCF7DA7BEBE6736FC38" baselines="977" box="[235,334,964,981]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7C3BBEC464F5FC3B" box="[375,653,958,982]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7C3BBEC467FCFC3B" box="[375,388,958,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">1</specimenCount>
|
||
right premaxilla (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7F66BEC464FAFC3B" box="[554,642,958,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-4</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7FDEBEC4672FFC1C" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-7, COLT-8" specimenCount="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7FDEBEC464E7FC3B" box="[658,671,958,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">4</specimenCount>
|
||
right maxillae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7DF4BEA36731FC1C" box="[184,329,985,1009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-7 and 8</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7C11BEA36418FC1C" box="[349,608,985,1009]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-56" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7C11BEA36712FC1C" box="[349,362,985,1009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">2</specimenCount>
|
||
left maxillae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7CBCBEA3642DFC1C" box="[496,597,985,1009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-56</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7F29BEA36682FBE6" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-23" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7F29BEA3640AFC1C" box="[613,626,985,1009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">1</specimenCount>
|
||
left postfrontal (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7DC6BE896697FBE6" box="[138,239,1011,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-23</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7DB2BE89641FFBE6" box="[254,615,1011,1035]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-20, COLT-24" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7DB2BE896773FBE6" box="[254,267,1011,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">2</specimenCount>
|
||
right pterygoids (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7CFDBE896424FBE6" box="[433,604,1011,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-20 and 24</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7F20BE896753FBCB" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-1, COLT-9" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7F20BE896401FBE6" box="[620,633,1011,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">3</specimenCount>
|
||
right dentaries (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7DC6B9746765FBCB" box="[138,285,1038,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-1 and 9</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7C7CB9746403FBCB" box="[304,635,1038,1062]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-3, COLT-11" specimenCount="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7C7CB9746745FBCB" box="[304,317,1038,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">4</specimenCount>
|
||
left dentaries (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7C81B9746414FBCB" box="[461,620,1038,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-3 and 11</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7FCCB97467F1FBAD" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-12, COLT-13" specimenCount="11">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7FCCB97464E1FBCB" box="[640,665,1038,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">11</specimenCount>
|
||
dorsal vertebrae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7D81B9526704FBAD" box="[205,380,1064,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-12 and 13</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7CC3B95264C6FBAD" box="[399,702,1064,1088]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-14" specimenCount="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7CC3B95267E4FBAD" box="[399,412,1064,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">4</specimenCount>
|
||
caudal vertebrae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7F02B95264CCFBAD" box="[590,692,1064,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-14</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7F89B952674CFBB7" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-45" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7F89B95264AAFBAD" box="[709,722,1064,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">1</specimenCount>
|
||
right coxal (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7D8FB9386751FBB7" box="[195,297,1090,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-45</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6EBB12BB065FFCF7C76B9396444FBB6" box="[314,572,1091,1115]" collectionCode="COLT" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="COLT-47" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="108570FFB065FFCF7C76B939673FFBB6" box="[314,327,1091,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">1</specimenCount>
|
||
right femur (
|
||
<specimenCode id="5625130DB065FFCF7C87B9396449FBB6" box="[459,561,1091,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">COLT-47</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB065FFC17DC8B9EF671AFDDC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DC8B9EF676DFB40" blockId="7.[130,777,1173,2028]" box="[132,277,1173,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB065FFCF7DC8B9EF676DFB40" baselines="1192,1192" box="[132,277,1173,1199]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DC8B9CE67F9FA83" blockId="7.[130,777,1173,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
The preserved premaxilla (COLT-4) is the left one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7FE4B9CE6483FB23" box="[680,763,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This remain has three dental positions, but only two teeth are present. These are pleurodont, isodont, cylindrical, and monocuspid with a blunt apex. In frontal view, the posterodorsal process is short and leaf-shaped. No foramen is observable in the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DD7B80E6704F880" blockId="7.[130,777,1173,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
COLT-7 is the distal half of a right maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7FEEB80E6482FA63" box="[674,762,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, only the posterior and prefrontal processes, although partially broken, are preserved. In labial view, the prefrontal process seems to be subpentagonal, with an anterior margin broken, a dorsal margin roughly subdivided in anterodorsal and posterolateral portions and a sigmoidal posterior margin. A dorsal corner and a posterodorsal corner are clearly visible. The labial surface of the bone is smooth and only one labial foramen is visible; however, the surface is highly damaged so an additional foramen might also be present. In lingual view, the maxilla bears pleurodont, isodont, cylindrical, and monocuspid teeth with a more or less blunt apex. The teeth show a more or less visible ornamentation, with delicate vertical striation limited ventrally by a transverse groove. The supradental shelf is arched and partially broken at the palatine process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7DD7BA086234FEBC" blockId="7.[130,777,1173,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
The postfrontal is Y-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7C8DBA086469F861" box="[449,529,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anteromedial and anterolateral processes are short and pointed. Both processes have similar size; however, the anterolateral process is more robust than the anteromedial one. In ventral view, the ventral surface between these two processes is concave. On the medial margin, the insertion surface with the frontal and parietal is well marked, while on the lateral margin, the impression with the postorbital is less deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7E0FBC2D63D4FD5C" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
COLT-20 is the preserved anterior part of a right pterygoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7E7ABC0D65F1FE7C" box="[822,905,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The quadrate (posterior), transverse (anterolateral) and palatine (anteromedial) processes are partially broken. However, the latter is subrectangular and shows a thicker area in the middle of its platform. The transverse process is subtriangular and has well marked impressions of the ectopterygoid on its dorsal surface. The pterygoid recess is deep and U-shaped. The basis of the quadrate process is broken, for this reason it is not possible to describe it. In lateral view, the transverse process presents a wide and short insertion surface of the pterygoideus muscle. No pterygoid teeth are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFCF7E0FBFCC6243FAA3" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
The dentaries bear pleurodont, isodonts, and cylindrical teeth with flattened or slightly concave lingual surfaces of the crowns and apices oriented in lingual direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF787FBF8C63FCFCFD" box="[1331,1412,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In labial view, the teeth appear monocuspid (a slightly pointed or blunt labial cuspid), but in lingual view, underneath the labial cuspid, a smaller lingual cuspid may be present. The
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B065FFCF782CBE2C65C7FC62" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">antrum intercristatum</emphasis>
|
||
is a generally well-marked groove located on one side and on the other, between these two cuspids. Every tooth apex shows a transversal groove, only some teeth show a vertical striation. The most complete dentaries (COLT-1 and COLT-3) are characterized by the presence of 17 dental positions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF7ED3B96F658AFBC2" box="[927,1010,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The width/height ratio for all the teeth equals 0.3 (n = 31; δ = 0.07). The coronoid process is subtriangular, straight and posterodorsally projected. In labial view, this process does not show any impression of the coronoid on the wall of the dentary. The studied dentaries present four lingual foramina. In lingual view, the Meckelian groove is open in its whole length and narrower between the eighthninth dental position and the anterior end of the tooth row. The subdental shelf is slightly arched and the ventral margin of the dentary is straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B065FFC17E0FB82E67F7FEDF" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,776,216,561]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
The vertebrae are procoelous and longer than wide (vertebral centrum length (CL),
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF7904B80E62F5FA7C" attach="left" box="[1096,1165,1396,1425]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">CLmed</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF79EAB80E6373FA63" box="[1190,1291,1396,1422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="1.94">1.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
; n= 5; σ = 0.22;
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF7E67B8EE6517FA5C" attach="left" box="[811,879,1428,1457]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">CLmin</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF7EC2B8E9658EFA43" box="[910,1014,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="1.69">1.69 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF794FB8EE623EFA5C" attach="left" box="[1027,1094,1428,1457]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">CLmax</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF7929B8EE62B6FA43" box="[1125,1230,1428,1454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="2.23">2.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
; minimum width of the neural arch, measured at the maximum intrazygapohyseal constriction (NAW),
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF7959B8AE620FFA1C" attach="left" box="[1045,1143,1492,1521]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">NAWmed</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF79D8B8A96283FA03" box="[1172,1275,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="0.98">0.98 mm</quantity>
|
||
; n = 4; σ = 0.08;
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF7E61B88965F0F9FC" attach="left" box="[813,904,1523,1553]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">NAWmin</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF7ED2B8896587F9E3" box="[926,1023,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<subScript id="9A07B933B065FFCF7944B889621CF9FD" attach="left" box="[1032,1124,1523,1552]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">NAWmax</subScript>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C17B1693B065FFCF7937B88962A6F9E0" box="[1147,1246,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
). In dorsal view, they show a few marked interzygapophyseal constrictions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B065FFCF781ABB6963DBF9C0" box="[1366,1443,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The neural arch shows a rudimentary zygosphene-zygantrum articulation,
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B065FFCF7EF9BB2E6591F980" box="[949,1001,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Hoffstetter (1969) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B065FFCF79AFBB296500F960" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & GASC J." pageId="7" pageNumber="414" pagination="201 - 310" refId="ref25772" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & GASC J. 1969. - Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles, in GANS C., BELLAIRS A. D' A. & PARSONS T. S. (eds), Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York: 201 - 310." type="book chapter" year="1969">Hoffstetter & Gasc (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with two shorts lateral facets (zygosphene) but with a barely outlined posterior zygantrum. The neural spine runs along the entire length of the neural arch, finishing in a point that overtakes the posterior end of the postzygapophysis. In lateral view, the neural spine is low. The synapophyses are oval-shaped and slightly projected anteroposteriorly. In ventral view, the centrum is subcylindrical with its anterior part slightly wider than the posterior one. It shows neither haemal keel nor foramen, except in the case of one vertebra stored under the number COLT-13, which presents a pair of slightly marked large subcentral foramina. In anterior and posterior view, the condyle and cotyle are dorsoventrally flattened. COLT-14 includes two vertebrae, which have a pair of dorsoventrally flattened transversal processes typical of caudal vertebrae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17DB4BC6D6706FEDF" author="BAILON S." box="[248,382,279,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref20385" refString="BAILON S. 1991. - Amphibiens et reptiles du Pliocene et de du Quaternaire de France et d´Espagne: mise en place et evolution des faunes. PhD thesis, Universite Paris VII, Paris, 984 p." type="book" year="1991">Bailon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="52FCEBFEB06AFFC07DC8BA076354F804" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" startId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" targetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06AFFC07DC8BA076354F804" blockId="8.[132,1457,1917,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB06AFFC07DC8BA0766E5F863" baselines="1930,1931" box="[132,157,1917,1934]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain:
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07E34BA0765E2F863" bold="true" box="[888,922,1917,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">A -H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06AFFC07EE9BA0762BDF863" authority="(Bosca, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[933,1221,1917,1934]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07EE9BA076231F863" box="[933,1097,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06AFFC0791FBA0762B8F863" author="BOSCA E." box="[1107,1216,1917,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" refId="ref21918" refString="BOSCA E. 1880. - Gongylus bedriagai, nueva subespecie de la peninsula Iberica. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 9: 50." type="journal volume" year="1880">Boscá, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07980BA0762A1F863" bold="true" box="[1228,1241,1917,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">A</emphasis>
|
||
, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07C49BAEE676AF848" bold="true" box="[261,274,1940,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">B</emphasis>
|
||
, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07F12BAEE6414F848" bold="true" box="[606,620,1940,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">C</emphasis>
|
||
, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07E98BAEE659AF848" bold="true" box="[980,994,1940,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC0780ABAEE632AF848" bold="true" box="[1350,1362,1940,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">E</emphasis>
|
||
, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07C34BAD167FBF851" bold="true" box="[376,387,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07CC1BAD167E3F851" bold="true" box="[397,411,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">G</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07F99BAD16498F851" bold="true" box="[725,736,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">F</emphasis>
|
||
) and anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07E1BBAD1651DF851" bold="true" box="[855,869,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">G</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07EE5BAD165CFF851" bold="true" box="[937,951,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">H</emphasis>
|
||
, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC0784ABAD1635CF851" bold="true" box="[1286,1316,1963,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">I -M</emphasis>
|
||
, cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06AFFC07804BAD163C9F851" box="[1352,1457,1963,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Podarcis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07804BAD163E9F851" box="[1352,1425,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Podarcis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06AFFC07DC8BAB8668DF83E" author="WAGLER J." box="[132,245,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" refId="ref32190" refString="WAGLER J. 1830. - Naturliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J. G. Cotta, Munchen, 370 p." type="book" year="1830">Wagler, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07DB0BAB8677AF83E" bold="true" box="[252,258,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07C40BAB8676EF83E" bold="true" box="[268,278,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">J</emphasis>
|
||
, premaxilla in lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07C81BAB867ABF83E" bold="true" box="[461,467,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">I</emphasis>
|
||
) (COLT-43) and labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07FDDBAB864E3F83E" bold="true" box="[657,667,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">J</emphasis>
|
||
) (COLT-16) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07E76BAB8653FF83E" bold="true" box="[826,839,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">K</emphasis>
|
||
, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC079C4BAB862EBF83E" bold="true" box="[1160,1171,1986,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">L</emphasis>
|
||
, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07DF8BAA266BDF804" bold="true" box="[180,197,2008,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">M</emphasis>
|
||
, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06AFFC07FC8BAA264C0F804" bold="true" box="[644,696,2008,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17DD7BC4D657EFE7C" blockId="9.[130,776,216,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
COLT-45 is the anterior edge of a coxal, a large elongated bone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EB8A7F3B06BFFC17D8BBC2D6762FE9C" box="[199,282,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[747,1292,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Squamates remains from COLT (Illa Grossa, Columbretes Island, Eastern Spain: A-H, Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880): A, left premaxilla (COLT-4), in lingual view; B, right maxilla (COLT-7), in lingual view; C, left postfrontal (COLT-23) in ventral view; D, right pterygoid (COLT-21) in dorsal view; E, right dentary (COLT-1) in lingual view; F, G, dorsal vertebra (COLT-12) in dorsal (F) and anterior (G) views; H, left coxal (COLT-44) in left lateral view; I-M, cf. Podarcis sp. Wagler, 1830: I, J, premaxilla in lingual (I) (COLT-43) and labial (J) (COLT-16) views; K, left maxilla (COLT-19) in lingual view; L, right dentary (COLT-25) in lingual view; M, right coxal (COLT-42) in right lateral view. The white arrow denotes the presence of the rudimentary zygosphene. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, on the ilium the preacetabular spine and dorsal crest are absent. The acetabulum is rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17DD7BCED671AFDDC" blockId="9.[130,776,216,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Only the proximal end of the femur is preserved. It shows a well-developed, ventrally expanded femoral condyle. The internal trochanter is small and is not well defined. Both structures are separated by a large and deep intertrochanteric fossa in ventral view.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB06BFFC17DC8BF2D6490F801" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17DC8BF2D6690FD82" blockId="9.[130,777,599,2028]" box="[132,232,599,625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB06BFFC17DC8BF2D6690FD82" baselines="618,618" box="[132,232,599,625]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17DC8BF0C64CBFA83" blockId="9.[130,777,599,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
The traits described on the material (unfused premaxilla, morphology of the teeth, straight ventral end of the dentaries, open Meckelian groove, presence of a thicker area in the palatine process of the pterygoid, vertebrae with the end of the neural spine overtaking the posterior of the postzygapophysis, and absence of the preacetabular spine and dorsal crest in the coxal) are consistent with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17FE9BE4C6571FCBD" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[677,777,822,848]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17FE9BE4C6571FCBD" box="[677,777,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17DC1BE2F6739FC9D" author="BARBADILLO L. J." box="[141,321,853,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="151 - 165" refId="ref20768" refString="BARBADILLO L. J. 1989. - Los reptilia (Sauria y Amphisbaenia) de los yacimientos Plio-Pleistocenicos de la Cuenca de Guadix-Baza, in ALBERTI M. T. & BONADONNA F. P. (eds), Geologia y Paleontologia de La Cuenca de Guadix-Baza. Trabajos Neogeno / Quaternario. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid: 151 - 165." type="book chapter" year="1989">Barbadillo 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C1DBE2F67A2FC9D" author="BAILON S." box="[337,474,853,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref20385" refString="BAILON S. 1991. - Amphibiens et reptiles du Pliocene et de du Quaternaire de France et d´Espagne: mise en place et evolution des faunes. PhD thesis, Universite Paris VII, Paris, 984 p." type="book" year="1991">Bailon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17CA6BE2C64C5FC9D" author="CAPUTO V. & LANZA B. & PALMIERI R." box="[490,701,853,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="95 - 152" refId="ref22535" refString="CAPUTO V., LANZA B. & PALMIERI R. 1995. - Body elongation and limb reduction in the genus Chalcides Laurenti 1768 (Squamata Scincidae): a comparative study. Tropical Zoology 8 (1): 95 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1995.10539275" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Caputo
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F0ABE2C6404FC82" box="[582,636,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17F81BE2F66C5FC7D" author="BLAIN H. - A." pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="39 - 170" refId="ref21384" refString="BLAIN H. - A. 2009. - Contribution de la paleoherpetofaune (Amphibia & Squamata) a la connaissance de l'evolution du climat et du paysage du Pliocene superieur au Pleistocene moyen d'Espagne. Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona 16: 39 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009">Blain 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17D81BE0F67B4FC7D" author="VILLA A. & DELFINO M." box="[205,460,885,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref32076" refString="VILLA A. & DELFINO M. 2019 a. - A comparative atlas of the skull osteology of European lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187 (3): 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 035" type="journal article" year="2019">Villa & Delfino 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C90BE0D64ABFC7D" author="CERNANSKY A. & SYROMYATNIKOVA E. V. & KOVALENKO E. S. & PODURETS K. M. & KALOYAN A. A." box="[476,723,885,915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="1901 - 1934" refId="ref23327" refString="CERNANSKY A., SYROMYATNIKOVA E. V., KOVALENKO E. S., PODURETS K. M. & KALOYAN A. A. 2020. - The key to understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) comes from Asia: the lizards of the East Siberian Tagay locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. The Anatomical Record 303 (7): 1901 - 1934. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 24289" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Čerňanský
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F17BE0C64EAFC62" box="[603,658,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At present, there are three species of that genus in the Iberian Peninsula, the autochthonous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17CA8BECF66BDFC02" authority="(Cuvier, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17CA8BECF64DBFC22" box="[484,675,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides striatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cuvier, 1829)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17DB6BEAF67BBFC02" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[250,451,981,1007]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DB6BEAF67BBFC02" box="[250,451,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17FE8BEAF6706FBFD" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17FE8BEAF66A2FBE2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
Forsskal, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17CC1BE8F64D7FBE2" author="BISBAL-CHINESTA J. F. & TAMAR K. & GALVEZ A. & ALBERO L. & VICENT-CASTELLO P. & MARTIN-BURGOS L. & ALONSO M. & SANCHEZ R. & ORTEGA C. & GOMEZ A. & CANDEL D. & CERVERA M. & CARRANZA S. & BLAIN H. - A." box="[397,687,1013,1039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref21282" refString="BISBAL-CHINESTA J. F., TAMAR K., GALVEZ A., ALBERO L., VICENT-CASTELLO P., MARTIN-BURGOS L., ALONSO M., SANCHEZ R., ORTEGA C., GOMEZ A., CANDEL D., CERVERA M., CARRANZA S. & BLAIN H. - A. 2020. - Trade and stowaways: molecular evidence for human-mediated translocation of eastern skinks into the western Mediterranean. Amphibia-Reptilia 41 (1): 49 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 20191249" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Bisbal-Chinesta
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F72BE8C6409FBE2" box="[574,625,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the latter species, teeth are robust with enlarged crowns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17FF0B96F66C6FBA2" author="KOSMA R." pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref26293" refString="KOSMA R. 2004. - The dentitions of recent and fossil scincomorphan lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata) - Systematics, Functional Morphology, Palecology. Thesis, Universitat Hannover, Hannover, 231 p." type="book" year="2004">Kosma 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17D9CB94F67AFFBA2" author="VILLA A. & DELFINO M." box="[208,471,1077,1103]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref32076" refString="VILLA A. & DELFINO M. 2019 a. - A comparative atlas of the skull osteology of European lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187 (3): 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 035" type="journal article" year="2019">Villa & Delfino 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This morphology differs strongly from other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17F06B92F66BFFB62" authority="(Kosma 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Kosma" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F06B92F64D4FB82" box="[586,684,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17FF0B92F66C4FB62" author="KOSMA R." pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref26293" refString="KOSMA R. 2004. - The dentitions of recent and fossil scincomorphan lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata) - Systematics, Functional Morphology, Palecology. Thesis, Universitat Hannover, Hannover, 231 p." type="book" year="2004">Kosma 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As we describe above, the COLT fossils do not show these traits on the teeth. Their morphology and width/high proportion do not differ from those of the modern species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17DCAB9AE6734FB03" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[134,332,1236,1262]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DCAB9AE6734FB03" box="[134,332,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is characterized by 15 to 18 dental positions and a width/height ratio of 0.3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17F1CB98E6578FAE3" author="BARBADILLO L. J." box="[592,768,1268,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="151 - 165" refId="ref20768" refString="BARBADILLO L. J. 1989. - Los reptilia (Sauria y Amphisbaenia) de los yacimientos Plio-Pleistocenicos de la Cuenca de Guadix-Baza, in ALBERTI M. T. & BONADONNA F. P. (eds), Geologia y Paleontologia de La Cuenca de Guadix-Baza. Trabajos Neogeno / Quaternario. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid: 151 - 165." type="book chapter" year="1989">Barbadillo 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17DC8B86E676DFAC3" author="CAPUTO V." box="[132,277,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref22486" refString="CAPUTO V. 2004. - The cranial osteology and dentition in the scincid lizards of the genus Chalcides (Reptilia, Scincidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 71 (Supplement 2): 35 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000409356604" type="book chapter" year="2004">Caputo 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17C88B86E6456FAC3" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[452,558,1300,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17C88B86E6456FAC3" box="[452,558,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">C. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is characterized by 18 to 21 dental positions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17CA2B84E6406FAA3" author="CAPUTO V." box="[494,638,1332,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref22486" refString="CAPUTO V. 2004. - The cranial osteology and dentition in the scincid lizards of the genus Chalcides (Reptilia, Scincidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 71 (Supplement 2): 35 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000409356604" type="book chapter" year="2004">Caputo 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a tooth width/height ratio of 0.22 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17CE2B82E64DBFA83" author="LOPEZ-RUIZ J. & CEBRIA J. M. & DOBLAS M." box="[430,675,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="417 - 438" refId="ref26758" refString="LOPEZ-RUIZ J., CEBRIA J. M. & DOBLAS M. 2002. - Cenozoic volcanism I: the Iberian peninsula, in GIBBONS W. & MORENO M. T. (eds), The Geology of Spain. Geological Society, London: 417 - 438." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
López-Ruiz
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F7DB82F641DFA83" box="[561,613,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17DD7B80E6490F801" blockId="9.[130,777,599,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
The fossil record of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17CBCB80E642CFA63" baseAuthorityName="Kosma" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[496,596,1396,1422]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17CBCB80E642CFA63" box="[496,596,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean islands is scarce. In this sense, cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17F0CB8E964DAFA40" baseAuthorityName="Kosma" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[576,674,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F0CB8E964DAFA40" box="[576,674,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from the late Miocene/early Pliocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7E94FBE6B06BFFC17FEBB8CE657FFA23" box="[679,775,1460,1486]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Menorca</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17DC1B8AE6732FA00" author="BOVER P. & ROFES J. & BAILON S. & AGUSTI J. & CUENCA-BESCOS G. & TORRES E. & ALCOVER J. A." box="[141,330,1491,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="183 - 196" refId="ref22042" refString="BOVER P., ROFES J., BAILON S., AGUSTI J., CUENCA-BESCOS G., TORRES E. & ALCOVER J. A. 2014. - Late Miocene / Early Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean): an update. Integrative Zoology 9 (2): 183 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1749 - 4877.12049" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Bover
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17D99B8AE6772FA00" box="[213,266,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and indeterminate species of the genus had been reported from the Pleistocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7E94FBE6B06BFFC17F2CB88E64B8F9E3" box="[608,704,1524,1550]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Menorca</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17F9CB88E66C4F9C0" author="ESTES R." pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref24364" refString="ESTES R. 1983. - Enciclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 10 A. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 249 p." type="book" year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Mallorca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C27BB69647AF9C0" author="HOLMAN J. A." box="[363,514,1555,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref25829" refString="HOLMAN J. A. 1998. - Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in Britain and Europe. Oxford University Press, New York, 264 p." type="book" year="1998">Holman 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Skinks are highly capable of transmarine migration, as shown by the diversification of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17C44BB296712F980" baseAuthorityName="Kosma" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[264,362,1619,1645]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17C44BB296712F980" box="[264,362,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C4477594B06BFFC17CFFBB29642EF980" box="[435,598,1619,1645]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However, in the case of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C4477594B06BFFC17C4CBB0967D0F960" box="[256,424,1651,1677]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
sites, it has been proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17DCABBE96693F940" baseAuthorityName="Kosma" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[134,235,1683,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DCABBE96693F940" box="[134,235,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonized the archipelago during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), when these islands were connected to the mainland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C69BBA96478F900" author="CARRANZA S. & ARNOLD E. N. & GENIEZ P. & ROCA J. & MATEO J. A." box="[293,512,1746,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="1071 - 1094" refId="ref22590" refString="CARRANZA S., ARNOLD E. N., GENIEZ P., ROCA J. & MATEO J. A. 2008. - Radiation, multiple dispersal and parallelism in the skinks, Chalcides and Sphenops (Squamata: Scincidae), with comments on Scincus and Scincopus and the age of the Sahara Desert. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 1071 - 1094. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.11.018" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Carranza
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17CC1BBA967B9F901" box="[397,449,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A similar scenario was proposed for the origin of the endemic herpetofauna of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C4477594B06BFFC17DC9BA686756F8C1" box="[133,302,1810,1836]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C73BA686434F8C1" author="PINYA S. & CARRETERO M. A." box="[319,588,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="59 - 80" refId="ref28904" refString="PINYA S. & CARRETERO M. A. 2011. - The Balearic herpetofauna: a species update and a review on the evidence. Acta Herpetologica 6: 59 - 80." type="journal article" year="2011">Pinya & Carretero 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the spread of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17DE8BA48670FF8A1" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[164,375,1842,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DE8BA48670FF8A1" box="[164,375,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Iberian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17FEFBA486682F881" author="CARRANZA S. & ARNOLD E. N. & GENIEZ P. & ROCA J. & MATEO J. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="416" pagination="1071 - 1094" refId="ref22590" refString="CARRANZA S., ARNOLD E. N., GENIEZ P., ROCA J. & MATEO J. A. 2008. - Radiation, multiple dispersal and parallelism in the skinks, Chalcides and Sphenops (Squamata: Scincidae), with comments on Scincus and Scincopus and the age of the Sahara Desert. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 1071 - 1094. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.11.018" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Carranza
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DC8BA2966C2F881" box="[132,186,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The MSC event had a strong influence in the Mediterranean herpetofauna (e.g. Georgialis
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F39BA0964D2F861" box="[629,682,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a). Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17DBFBAE86717F841" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[243,367,1938,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17DBFBAE86717F841" box="[243,367,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">C. bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits numerous islands close to both the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17DC1BAAB677BF801" author="POLLO C. J." box="[141,259,2001,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref29036" refString="POLLO C. J. 2015. - Eslizon iberico - Chalcides bedriagai, in SALVADOR A. & MARCO A. (eds), Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Espanoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available at: http: // www. vertebradosibericos. org / reptiles / chabed. html (last access on 26 / 11 / 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Pollo 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and references in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17C82BAAB64A0F801" author="RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. & MARQUINA-BLASCO R. & CRESPO ROURES V. D. & FAGOAGA MORENO A. & BAILON S. & MANSINO PARIS S." box="[462,728,2001,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref29636" refString="RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J., MARQUINA-BLASCO R., CRESPO ROURES V. D., FAGOAGA MORENO A., BAILON S. & MANSINO PARIS S. 2019. - Paleontologia insular: divulgacion de la paleontologia del Cuaternario de las islas Columbretes. Fundacion Davalos-Fletcher, Castello de la Plana, 103 p." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Ruiz-Sánchez
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17F2ABAA864E2F806" box="[614,666,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E99E8FDB06BFFC17E61BDA26266FDBC" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17E61BDA265ECFF1D" blockId="9.[811,1457,216,593]" box="[813,916,216,242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="00DA2DAAB06BFFC17E61BDA265ECFF1D" baselines="235,235" box="[813,916,216,242]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">ECOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="063CBB76B06BFFC17E61BD826266FDBC" blockId="9.[811,1457,216,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17E61BD826583FEFF" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[813,1019,248,274]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17E61BD826583FEFF" box="[813,1019,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an Iberian endemic species localized throughout the Iberian Peninsula, except its northermost area. The distribution range of this taxon is included into the Mediterranean bioclimatic region, except for some localities of northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7E94FBE6B06BFFC17E96BC0D6263FE7C" box="[986,1051,375,401]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC179CABC02637CFE7C" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1158,1284,375,402]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC179CABC02637CFE7C" box="[1158,1284,375,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">C. bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
always occupies thermal areas or Mediterranean-like environments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C183C0F5B06BFFC17807BCED65EAFE3C" baseAuthorityName="Bosca" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bedriagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="34F76764B06BFFC17807BCED65EAFE3C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Chalcides bedriagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequents a wide variety of habitats, which are mainly characterized by sandy or earthy substrate with an abundance of shelters (rocks, roots, leaves and shrubs) and high sun exposure, which constitutes a limiting factor of their presence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6212C687B06BFFC17ED4BF4C6276FDBC" author="POLLO C. J." box="[920,1038,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" refId="ref29036" refString="POLLO C. J. 2015. - Eslizon iberico - Chalcides bedriagai, in SALVADOR A. & MARCO A. (eds), Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Espanoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available at: http: // www. vertebradosibericos. org / reptiles / chabed. html (last access on 26 / 11 / 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Pollo 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |