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<mods:title id="AED03D93FBD222F7196EE2C7009E64D5">A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AAAD46FEB7290FEB441EB5B4721B42F">Hyman, Isabel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1933326C8BEA9E31DB8C5290C508EC40">Ponder, Winston F.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A63F28B7374FE50FAB2" blockId="105.[151,443,1311,1337]" box="[151,443,1311,1337]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="B74DF502FFFE6A63F28B7374FE50FAB2" bold="true" box="[151,443,1311,1337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFFE6A63F28B7374FE50FAB2" bold="true" box="[151,443,1311,1337]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F3037374FE50FAB2" ID-CoL="7NXMP" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1928" box="[287,443,1311,1337]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euconulinae">Euconulinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A63F28B7301FC84FA77" blockId="105.[151,1436,1386,2012]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFFE6A63F28B7301FEFBFA0F" bold="true" box="[151,272,1386,1412]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F3047301FE41FA0F" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1928" box="[280,426,1386,1412]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euconulinae">Euconulinae</taxonomicName>
was monophyletic in all our analyses, supported by the presence of radial ribs on the protoconch.
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFFE6A63F33673F9FE05FA27" author="Hausdorf, B." box="[298,494,1426,1452]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref74906" refString="Hausdorf, B. (1998) Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64, 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1998">Hausdorf (1998)</bibRefCitation>
did not recognise
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F0D673F9FCB7FA27" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1928" box="[714,860,1426,1452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euconulinae">Euconulinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F18B73F9FBD5FA27" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1931" box="[919,1086,1426,1452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="111" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microcystinae">Microcystinae</taxonomicName>
as separate taxa in his analysis, including them both under the family
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F06373D1FCFEFA5F" box="[639,789,1466,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Euconulidae</taxonomicName>
; however, he pointed out that there are no known synapomorphies for
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F34E7389FE0FFA77" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1928" box="[338,484,1506,1532]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euconulinae">Euconulinae</taxonomicName>
and that it might be paraphyletic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A63F2DA7061FB49F9AF" blockId="105.[151,1436,1386,2012]" box="[198,1186,1546,1572]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Based on our analysis the
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFE6A63F3E57061FD60F9AF" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1928" box="[505,651,1546,1572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euconulinae">Euconulinae</taxonomicName>
is supported by the following key characters:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A63F2DA7059FE18F917" blockId="105.[151,1436,1386,2012]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Shell not reduced; sculptured with fine spiral and radial ribs. Genital system oviparous (rarely ovoviviparous); bursa copulatrix inserted on vagina; vestigial penial stimulator present in some taxa; epiphallic retractor caecum and flagellum absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A63F2DA70C1FC23F94F" blockId="105.[151,1436,1386,2012]" box="[198,968,1706,1732]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">The spermatophore is unknown for this group and may be absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFFE6A60F2DA70B9FD88FED9" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFFE6A60F2DA70B9FD88FED9" blockId="105.[151,1436,1386,2012]" lastBlockId="106.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFFE6A63F2DA70B9FEB5F967" bold="true" box="[198,350,1746,1772]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Description.</emphasis>
Shell present, not reduced. Protoconch and teleoconch sculptured with fine spiral and radial ribs. Whorl profile flattened above and below evenly convex periphery. Internal walls of early whorls complete; umbilicus closed. Mantle laps and lobes absent. Sole of foot tripartite; caudal apparatus formed from curled up sole (
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFFE6A63F34E7121FDFBF8EF" author="Muratov, I. V." box="[338,528,1866,1892]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="5 - 26" refId="ref75844" refString="Muratov, I. V. (1999) Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships and their systematic implications in the Limacoinei (= Zonitinia) infraorder (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Geophila). Ruthenica, 9, 5 - 26." type="journal article" year="1999">Muratovs 1999</bibRefCitation>
helicarionid
<typeStatus id="3301FCCCFFFE6A63F0AC7121FD0CF8EF" box="[688,743,1866,1892]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
); caudal apparatus very small to moderately large; caudal foss horizontal slit in tail. Kidney unilobed; mantle with no visible minor blood vessels, pigmentation absent or present, mantle gland absent or present. Genital system oviparous (rarely ovoviviparous;
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFFE6A63F6C671F1FA64F83F" author="Hausdorf, B." box="[1242,1423,1946,1972]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref74906" refString="Hausdorf, B. (1998) Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64, 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1998">Hausdorf 1998</bibRefCitation>
); oviduct glandular. Neither carrefour nor talon embedded in albumen gland. Bursa copulatrix short, inserted on vagina; duct of bursa copulatrix wide, not distinguishable from bursa copulatrix. Vagina short. Stimulator absent, or vestiges of stimulator present as diverticulum on base of penis. Epiphallus enters penis through a simple pore (
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFD6A60F3247683FE27FE8A" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1893" box="[312,460,232,257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" genus="Coneuplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFFD6A60F3247683FE27FE8A" box="[312,460,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Coneuplecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a verge (
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFFD6A60F06C7683FC7BFE89" authority="Iredale, 1937" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1937" box="[624,912,232,258]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Nevelasta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFFD6A60F06C7683FD0FFE8A" box="[624,740,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Nevelasta</emphasis>
Iredale, 1937
</taxonomicName>
); interior of penis smooth or with diagonal ridges. Penial sheath present. Epiphallic retractor caecum absent; epiphallic flagellum absent. Spermatophore not present in any dissected specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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