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<document id="4102E1D658F3ECE1644651424B29F57E" ID-CLB-Dataset="5316" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="546a0add-f2c5-4906-8023-05962929747b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920582" ID-ZooBank="5156E9B1-FABE-4AA2-A338-8F5CCBED1C08" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623277012488" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia &amp; Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2014" docId="1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03827p292.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3827 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aulospongus trirhabdostylus Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="E345FF91B3155C669876C060107FBF32" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Aulospongus Norman, 1878 with a key to the Atlantic species (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera)" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="282" pageNumber="284" updateTime="1699008870541" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="97447B93C8965A94F763700BB1311B3D">Two new species of Aulospongus Norman, 1878 with a key to the Atlantic species (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01239FAC3588ADA9794990ADE61649A9">Cavalcanti, Thaynã</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2BFE2616615986D7B3A1D09C72CD38FA">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5784BA31B9C02B39ACFD6440BEB555F">Santos, George Garcia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E76C6A6C3CA0F4AFA51A8FDB845D38AB">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6687FE3D6121BD6B6D68F77FFB09574F">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C9FD7D182B11612282A70783CFB4C9BF">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECC11823DF59335697C5ACB0820B83CE" type="email">uspinheiro@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="5B8BB9FB7372F19920D1898F29F97712">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183719295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4921523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
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<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498E1C10F1228BEB8" blockId="2.[151,599,367,427]" box="[151,599,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="CC228193B3175C6498E1C10F1228BEB8" bold="true" box="[151,599,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6498E1C10F1228BEB8" bold="true" box="[151,599,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3175C6498E1C10F118DBEBB" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,498,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6498E1C10F118DBEBB" bold="true" box="[151,498,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3175C64998FC1101228BEB8" box="[505,599,368,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3175C6498E1C1F211D4BE99" box="[151,427,402,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498E1C1F211D4BE99" blockId="2.[151,599,367,427]" box="[151,427,402,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
(
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3175C6498E8C1F21159BE99" box="[158,294,402,427]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1090,1112]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1417,355,1064]" captionTargetBox-1="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetBox-2="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId-0="figure-246@1.[156,1429,351,1067]" captionTargetId-1="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetId-2="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Location of the studied area, Potiguar Basin, and the collection sites of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (1) (3) and Aulospongus mandela sp. nov. (1) (2) (3). Collection depths: (1) 108 m; (2) 143 m; (3) 140 m." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4920584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Figures 13</figureCitation>
, Table 12)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3175C6498E1C1BA11D8BD95" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498E1C1BA130BBEC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,751]" box="[151,884,474,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="27BD3CA2B3175C6498E1C1BA130FBEC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326246304" box="[151,880,474,499]" country="Brazil" location="Potiguar Basin" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6498E1C1BA114ABEC1" bold="true" box="[151,309,474,499]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="486E885DB3175C6498E1C1BA10ADBEC1" box="[151,210,474,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="EFC2766FB3175C64994AC1BA11FCBEC1" box="[316,387,474,499]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5511F81DB3175C6499F8C1BA12C4BEC1" box="[398,699,474,499]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Rio Grande do Norte State</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="920A6024B3175C649AB0C1BA130FBEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22:920A6024B3175C649AB0C1BA130FBEC1" box="[710,880,474,499]" country="Brazil" name="Potiguar Basin" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Potiguar Basin</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498B1C19E11D8BD95" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
Type specimens.
<materialsCitation id="27BD3CA2B3175C6499E4C19E14F9BD09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326246303" collectingDate="2011-05-23" collectorName="Bombona &amp; Petrobras" country="Brazil" elevation="108" latitude="-4.7482414" location="Bacia Potiguar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.424286" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6499E4C19E1279BD25" bold="true" box="[402,518,510,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="486E885DB3175C6499E4C19E127EBD25" box="[402,513,510,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
UFPEPOR 1517,
<location id="920A6024B3175C649AA1C19E1301BD25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22:920A6024B3175C649AA1C19E1301BD25" box="[727,894,510,535]" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.7482414" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.424286" name="Bacia Potiguar" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Bacia Potiguar</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="F2E15038B3175C649BF8C19E1449BD25" box="[910,1078,510,535]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="44.8945" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="-4.7482414">04º 44.8945' S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="F2E15038B3175C649C32C19E157ABD25" box="[1092,1285,510,535]" degrees="036" direction="west" minutes="25.4571" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="-36.424286">036º 25.4571' W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="5511F81DB3175C649D6FC19E113CBD09" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Rio Grande do Norte State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFC2766FB3175C649925C24211E5BD09" box="[339,410,546,571]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3175C649984C2421240BD08" box="[498,575,546,571]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="108.0">
<elevation id="1CF8D1CCB3175C649984C2421240BD08" box="[498,575,546,571]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="108.0">108 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, trawl,
<collectorName id="3A205329B3175C649AEDC2421377BD09" box="[667,776,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Bombona</collectorName>
39, col.
<collectorName id="3A205329B3175C649B00C242139CBD09" box="[886,995,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Petrobras</collectorName>
, (
<date id="E36B103FB3175C649B8CC2421400BD09" box="[1018,1151,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" value="2011-05-23">
<collectingDate id="F32FE9D7B3175C649B8CC2421400BD09" box="[1018,1151,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" value="2011-05-23">23/05/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27BD3CA2B3175C649CE3C24211DCBD95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326246307" collectingDate="2011-05-22" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Bombona &amp; Petrobras" country="Brazil" elevation="140" latitude="-4.6119967" location="Bacia Potiguar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.779255" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" specimenCode="MNRJ 17487" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C649CE3C2421569BD09" bold="true" box="[1173,1302,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="486E885DB3175C649CE3C242156EBD09" box="[1173,1297,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
UFPEPOR 1519, UFPEPOR 1520 and
<specimenCode id="C7739E84B3175C6499A7C2271215BD6D" box="[465,618,582,607]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">MNRJ 17487</specimenCode>
(collected together with the
<typeStatus id="486E885DB3175C649BC6C2261468BD6D" box="[944,1047,582,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); UFPEPOR 1521,
<location id="920A6024B3175C649C83C22615E3BD6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F7C87E9B3175C6098E1C10F1213BB22:920A6024B3175C649C83C22615E3BD6D" box="[1269,1436,582,607]" country="Brazil" latitude="-4.6119967" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.779255" name="Bacia Potiguar" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Bacia Potiguar</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="F2E15038B3175C6498E9C20A1132BDB1" box="[159,333,618,643]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="36.7198" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="-4.6119967">04º 36.7198' S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="F2E15038B3175C64992BC20A125CBDB1" box="[349,547,618,643]" degrees="036" direction="west" minutes="46.7554" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="-36.779255">036º 46.7554' W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="5511F81DB3175C649A4DC20A1307BDB1" box="[571,888,618,643]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Rio Grande do Norte State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFC2766FB3175C649BF0C20A13B2BDB1" box="[902,973,618,643]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3175C649C53C20A140DBDB0" box="[1061,1138,618,643]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="140.0">
<elevation id="1CF8D1CCB3175C649C53C20A140DBDB0" box="[1061,1138,618,643]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, trawl,
<collectorName id="3A205329B3175C649CBBC20A1545BDB1" box="[1229,1338,618,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Bombona</collectorName>
29, col.
<collectorName id="3A205329B3175C6498E1C2EE117BBD95" box="[151,260,654,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Petrobras</collectorName>
, (
<date id="E36B103FB3175C649960C2EE11E4BD95" box="[278,411,654,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" value="2011-05-22">
<collectingDate id="F32FE9D7B3175C649960C2EE11E4BD95" box="[278,411,654,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" value="2011-05-22">22/05/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3175C6098B1C2D21416BEE2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498B1C2D21153BDDD" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6498B1C2D2113EBDF9" bold="true" box="[199,321,690,715]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3175C64993FC2D312F2BDF9" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[329,653,691,715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C64993FC2D312F2BDF9" box="[329,653,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C649AE3C2D2128FBDF9" bold="true" box="[661,752,690,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3175C649AE3C2D2128FBDF9" box="[661,752,690,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the only
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3175C649B01C2D31477BDF9" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1878" box="[887,1032,691,715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C649B01C2D31477BDF9" box="[887,1032,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Aulospongus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Atlantic with three categories of rhabdostyles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3AA6677B3175C6498E1C68E1538B873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" startId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" targetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3175C6498E1C68E1538B873" blockId="2.[151,1436,1774,1857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C6498E1C68E1167B831" bold="true" box="[151,280,1774,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3175C649955C68E1235B836" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[291,586,1774,1796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C649955C68E1235B836" box="[291,586,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3175C649A20C68E12D3B831" bold="true" box="[598,684,1774,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3175C649A20C68E12D3B831" box="[598,684,1774,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C3AA6677B3165C6598E1C54D14BCBAB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" startId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" targetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3165C6598E1C54D14BCBAB2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1325,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C6598E1C54D116CBA70" bold="true" box="[151,275,1325,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Spicule composition of
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3165C659A78C54D134DBA71" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[526,818,1325,1347]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C659A78C54D134DBA71" box="[526,818,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C659B4FC54D13F5BA70" bold="true" box="[825,906,1325,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3165C659B4FC54D13F5BA70" box="[825,906,1325,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3165C6598B1C5C7116CB9AA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1447,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C6598B1C5C7121FBAF2" bold="true" box="[199,608,1447,1472]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
External morphology (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C6599A3C5C7122EBAF2" box="[469,593,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2AD</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Massivearborescent with digitiform projections, 6 x 5.5 x
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3165C659C8DC5C7154EBA8D" box="[1275,1329,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
(length x height x width) (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659926C5AB11D5BAD6" box="[336,426,1483,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Small oscules (
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3165C659A10C5AB12A6BAD6" box="[614,729,1483,1508]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.81 mm</quantity>
) are observed on the sides or on the tips of the projections (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659D19C5AB10C4B93A" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, arrows). Surface with bouquets of spicules irregularly distributed (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659BC2C58F1472B93A" box="[948,1037,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Fibre-bundles are inter-connected by a thin layer of spongin (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C6599A8C6731223B91E" box="[478,604,1555,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2BC</figureCitation>
). Consistency is elastic, not easily torn. Colour in life is unknown and brownish-purple in ethanol. However, the specimens were collected in the same drag as
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3165C659C04C65810A7B946" authority="(Hyatt, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Hyatt" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aiolochroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C659C04C6581539B962" box="[1138,1350,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Aiolochroia crassa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F3444B0EB3165C659D23C65710AFB946" author="Hyatt, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="285" pagination="399 - 408" refId="ref5154" refString="Hyatt, A. (1875) Revision of the North American Poriferae; With remarks upon foreign species. Part I. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 399 - 408." type="journal article" year="1875">Hyatt, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and stored in the same container. It is possible that the
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3165C659B36C63C146AB941" baseAuthorityName="Hyatt" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[832,1045,1628,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aiolochroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C659B36C63C146AB941" box="[832,1045,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Aiolochroia crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pigments painted the
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3165C659D7DC63C15E3B946" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1878" box="[1291,1436,1628,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C659D7DC63C15E3B946" box="[1291,1436,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Aulospongus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3165C6598B1C6C31303B87E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1447,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3165C6598B1C6C311B9B98E" bold="true" box="[199,454,1699,1724]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
Skeleton (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C65994BC6C311C7B98E" box="[317,440,1699,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2CE</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton composed of bouquets of anisoxeas forming irregularly distributed projections (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659952C6A71101B9D2" box="[292,382,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal skeleton relatively thick, dominated by spongin fibres predominantly formed by plumo-reticulate bundles composed by rhabdostyles (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659B51C68B13FAB836" box="[807,901,1771,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Each perpendicular column arising from the choanosome consists of several bundles of fibres. Fibres-bundles and tracts cored and echinated by rhabdostyles with no recognizable distribution of the three categories (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3165C659B6EC753130FB87E" box="[792,880,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[248,1341,837,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[248,1349,829,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype). A, preserved specimen showing oscules (arrows); B, surface details; C, detail of thick section showing brushes; D, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome; E, detail of polyspicular tracts of echinating spicules. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 500 µm; CE = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920588/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3135C6098B1C0F71416BEE2" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098B1C0F711B2BF82" bold="true" box="[199,461,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" reason="1">
Spicules (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C60994AC0F711BFBF82" box="[316,448,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3AH</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Ectosomal auxiliary anisoxeas (399
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609BF4C0F813BEBF82" bold="true" box="[898,961,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">473.3</emphasis>
547 / 3
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609C42C0F81428BF82" bold="true" box="[1076,1111,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">4.0</emphasis>
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3135C609C10C0F714D7BF82" box="[1126,1192,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 µm</quantity>
): long, thin, smooth, straight to slightly curved, with distinct tips (one sharply pointed and the other styloid) (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C609CA1C0DC1522BFE1" box="[1239,1373,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3A, E</figureCitation>
, E); Choanosomal principal rhabdostyles (rhabdostyles I) (127
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609B35C08013FDBFCA" bold="true" box="[835,898,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">199.5</emphasis>
287 / 7
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609B85C080145CBFCA" bold="true" box="[1011,1059,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">11.1</emphasis>
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3135C609C44C0BF14FEBFCA" box="[1074,1153,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
): robust, slightly curved next to the basal region (rhabd), smooth base to a few spines (12), on the medium region to the tip composed of curved spines (hook-shaped) directed to the base, the spines near the tips are smaller and fewer than in the smaller rhabdostyles (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C60994DC12C11BFBE57" box="[315,448,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3B, F</figureCitation>
); Echinating rhabdostyles (rhabdostyles II) (90
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609C74C12C1440BE56" bold="true" box="[1026,1087,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">116.7</emphasis>
155 / 3
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609CCEC12C14A4BE56" bold="true" box="[1208,1243,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">6.5</emphasis>
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3135C609C9CC12C1542BE57" box="[1258,1341,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 µm</quantity>
): small, completely microspined, straight to slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C609B64C10F13E3BEBA" box="[786,924,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3C, G</figureCitation>
); Auxiliary rhabdostyles (rhabdostyles III) (171
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098AEC1F41168BE9E" bold="true" box="[216,279,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">217.6</emphasis>
277 / 2
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6099F9C1F411CDBE9E" bold="true" box="[399,434,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">6.3</emphasis>
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3135C6099B7C1F41279BE9F" box="[449,518,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
): thin, with a slight curvature towards the end (slightly rhabdose base) and microspined (small granular spines) from the medium to the apical region (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C609B96C1D71422BEE2" box="[992,1117,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3D, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3135C6098B1C1BC11DBBD25" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3135C6098B1C1BC1565BEC7" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[199,1306,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098B1C1BC11C3BEC7" bold="true" box="[199,444,476,501]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" reason="1">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C60991EC1BC11D3BEC7" box="[360,428,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[160,1417,355,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-246@1.[156,1429,351,1067]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the studied area, Potiguar Basin, and the collection sites of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (1) (3) and Aulospongus mandela sp. nov. (1) (2) (3). Collection depths: (1) 108 m; (2) 143 m; (3) 140 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="EFC2766FB3135C6099B2C1BC1272BEC7" box="[452,525,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Northeastern Region:
<collectingRegion id="5511F81DB3135C609B78C1BC1442BEC7" box="[782,1085,476,501]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Rio Grande do Norte State</collectingRegion>
: off Bacia Potiguar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3135C6098B1C19F11DBBD25" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[199,420,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098B1C19F1168BD2A" bold="true" box="[199,279,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" reason="1">Depth.</emphasis>
<quantity id="502D9B1AB3135C60996BC19F11E0BD25" box="[285,415,511,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="124.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="108.0">108140 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3135C6098B1C24414DEBD0F" box="[199,1185,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3135C6098B1C24414DEBD0F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[199,1185,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098B1C2441131BD0F" bold="true" box="[199,334,548,573]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name refers to the presence of three categories of rhabdostyles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFCF6574B3135C6098B1C2271213BB22" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="976A36FFB3135C6098B1C2271213BB22" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098B1C2271144BD52" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609930C22812F2BD52" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[326,653,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609930C22812F2BD52" box="[326,653,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609AEEC2271289BD52" bold="true" box="[664,758,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3135C609AEEC2271289BD52" box="[664,758,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
belongs the genus by the presence of three categories of rhabdostyles, plumose choanosomal skeleton with fibres ascending to the periphery. In comparison with the species from Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C6099EFC2F012A2BD9A" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[409,733,656,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6099EFC2F012A2BD9A" box="[409,733,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Aulospongus trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609A93C2EF133FBD9A" bold="true" box="[741,832,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3135C609A93C2EF133FBD9A" box="[741,832,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609BAFC2F014F8BD9A" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[985,1159,656,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monticularis">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609BAFC2F014F8BD9A" box="[985,1159,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A. monticularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its massive bulbousencrusting growth form, rhabdostyles I (completely smooth) and subectosomal extra-axial styles.
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609D7DC2D4115BBDC2" authorityName="Goodbody &amp; Lehnert" authorityYear="2004" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="phakelloides">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609D7DC2D4115BBDC2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Aulospongus phakelloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a fan-shaped sponge, with two categories of echinating rhabdostyles and absence of anisoxeas.
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C6098E1C29C11CABC26" authorityName="Hooper, Lehnert &amp; Zea" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,437,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="samariensis">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098E1C29C11CABC26" box="[151,437,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Aulospongus samariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is club-shaped sponge, with one category of echinating rhabdostyles and the presence of styles.
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609893C34011A2BC05" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[229,477,800,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609893C34011A2BC05" box="[229,477,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Aulospongus spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a bulbouserect sponge, with two categories of rhabdostyles (completely smooth), while
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C6098ABC32411D6BC6E" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[221,425,836,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6098ABC32411D6BC6E" box="[221,425,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A. trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C6099C7C3241273BC6F" bold="true" box="[433,524,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3135C6099C7C3241273BC6F" box="[433,524,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has massive-arborescent growth form, three categories of rhabdostyles (all with spines) and presence of anisoxeas (see Table 2,
<figureCitation id="0FEE2A7AB3135C609ADCC3071292BCB2" box="[682,749,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-257@3.[225,1359,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicule composition of Aulospongus trirhabdostylus sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1517, holotype) in SEM. A, ectosomal auxiliary anisoxea; B, choanosomal principal rhabdostyles; C, echinating rhabdostyles; D, auxiliary rhabdostyles; EH, details of respectively AD. Scale bars: A = 40 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 20 µm; EH = 2 µm; E= 4 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The most similar species to
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609C4CC308157BBCB2" authority="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Santos &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[1082,1284,872,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trirhabdostylus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609C4CC3081434BC4D" box="[1082,1099,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609C2FC308157BBCB2" box="[1113,1284,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">trirhabdostylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609D7DC307151BBCB2" bold="true" box="[1291,1380,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE925796B3135C609D7DC307151BBCB2" box="[1291,1380,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609DF2C30811CBBC97" authority="(Dendy, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gardineri">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609DF2C308117FBC96" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A. gardineri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F3444B0EB3135C609962C3EC11D3BC97" author="Dendy, A." box="[276,428,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref4446" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by HMS ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 18, 1 - 164. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Indian Ocean which also has three categories of rhabdostyles, but differs morphology of sponges, and in the morphology of rhabdostyles III (completely smooth in
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609CEFC3D0155DBCFA" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1177,1314,944,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gardineri">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609CEFC3D0155DBCFA" box="[1177,1314,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A. gardineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), presence of extra-axial styles, and spicules size (see Table 2). Finally,
<taxonomicName id="50D54D7CB3135C609B25C3B413A2BCDE" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[851,989,980,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gardineri">
<emphasis id="A5A1EAEDB3135C609B25C3B413A2BCDE" box="[851,989,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="288">A. gardineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the Indian Ocean, making conspecificity highly improbable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>