239 lines
19 KiB
XML
239 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ce630af-e5f5-40a9-a8c6-28703b9eb715" ID-PMC="PMC5523163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-670-1" ID-PubMed="28769657" ID-ZBK="F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-670-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 670" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" checkinTime="1493118663711" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jesovnik, Ana & Schultz, Ted R." docDate="2017" docId="1F0457D72D290D288EDAC6D813B9C8DF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 670: 1-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 670" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" docTitle="Sericomyrmex saramama Jesovnik & Schultz, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0FE12543-27B8-4E70-B7D5-D3EFC7FA8AEC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="AC7ABD6B050644469B1C882148683619" masterDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668164421829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jesovnik, Ana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schultz, Ted R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>670</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-670-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697213" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0FE12543-27B8-4E70-B7D5-D3EFC7FA8AEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F0457D72D290D288EDAC6D813B9C8DF" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0FE12543-27B8-4E70-B7D5-D3EFC7FA8AEC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex saramama" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saramama">Sericomyrmex saramama</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="78" pageNumber="79">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 53, 54(Worker); Figure 53(Queen); Figure 55(Larva); Figure 35 (Map)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Holotype worker: PERU: Madre de Dios, Tambopata Reserve, -12.8187, -69.3636, 224m, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ješovnik">Jesovnik</normalizedToken>
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, AJ120729-03, primary forest, nest on forest trail. (MHNL: 1w, USNMENT00924064). Paratypes: same data as holotype (USNM: 1q, USNMENT00924065; 1w, USNMENT00924070) (MZSP: 1w, USNMENT00924068; 1w, USNMENT00924069) (MCZ: 1w, USNMENT00924071; 1w, USNMENT00924080), (CASC: 1w, USNMENT00924072; 1w, USNMENT00924073) (MHNG, 1w, USNMENT00924074) (BMNH: 1w, USNMENT00924077) (MSNG: 1w, USNMENT00924078; 1w, USNMENT00924079).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="s. saramama worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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worker diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Small species; mandibles dorsally smooth and glossy; frontal lobe triangular, weakly directed anterad, with short posterior margin; frontal carina complete; eye without white layer; mesosomal tubercles low; gaster with lateral carinae moderately developed, dorsal carinae weakly to strongly developed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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worker description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Measurements in mm, range (holotype): HWe 0.9-1.13 (1) HW 0.9-1.13 (0.98) HW1 0.6-1.05 (0.93) HW2 0.9-1.16 (1.02) HW3 0.53-0.76 (0.65) IFW1 0.58-0.78 (0.65) IFW2 0.22-0.35 (0.31) HL1 0.84-1.1 (0.96) HL2 0.78-0.98 (0.87) SL 0.65-0.8 (0.72) EL 0.11-0.18 (0.16) Om 7-9 (8) WL 1.12-1.4 (1.3) PL 0.22-0.38 (0.28) PPL 0.19-0.3 (0.25) GL 0.78-0.98 (0.86) HFL 0.95-1.2 (1.13) PW 0.54-0.74 (0.65) CI 97-109 (104) FLI 61-82 (65) SI 68-78 (72) OI 12-17 (16) CEI 7-12 (9) [N=25]</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Pilosity. Pubescence dense, lighter than integument, appressed to decumbent. Hairs curved, darker in color at base, appressed to suberect, mostly decumbent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Head. In full-face view slightly broader than long (CI=103
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), posterior corner smoothly rounded to acute, lateral margin of head slightly convex, posterior cephalic emargination distinct (CEI=10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2), gradually impressed. Vertexal impression usually distinct, frontal tumuli faint. Mandible with 7-8 teeth, dorsally smooth and glossy, finely transversely striate only along masticatory margin. Eye medium-sized (OI =15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1), slightly convex, without white layer, 7-9 ommatidia across largest diameter. Frontal lobe moderately wide (FLI=67
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), triangular, weakly directed anterad, posterior margin shorter than medial. Frontal carina not very robust, usually complete, reaching posterior cephalic corner. Antennal scape moderately long (SI=72
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), sometimes almost reaching posterior cephalic corner.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Mesosoma. Mesosomal tubercles low and obtuse. Propodeal carinae low, rarely with posterodorsal denticles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
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. Petiole with two low, reduced dorsal denticles; node of postpetiole with two faint, short dorsal carinae, both best seen in dorsolateral view. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae relatively weak, dorsal carinae from barely visible to well developed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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queen description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Measurements in mm: HWe 1.35 HW 1.4 HW1 1.4 HW2 1.5 HW3 0.95 IFW1 0.93 IFW2 0.38 HL1 1.32 HL2 1.16 SL 0.88 EL 0.22 Om 15 EW 0.11 WL 1.92 PL 0.48 PPL 0.36 GL 1.82 HFL 1.48 PW 1.08 CI 102.27 FLI 68.89 SI 64.81 OI 16 [N=1]</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Head. Mandible with 8 teeth, dorsally striate, differing from worker. Preocular carina fading posterior to eye. Eye large, slightly convex, 15 ommatidia across largest diameter. Frontal lobe slightly more robust than in worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Mesosoma. Scutum in dorsal view with notauli very reduced, median mesoscutal line absent. Parapsidal lines thin, slightly curved. Scutellum in dorsal view narrowing posteriorly, posterior notch shallow. Propodeal denticles blunt and low, directed posterolaterad.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metasoma. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae weakly to moderately developed, dorsal carinae absent, anteromedian dorsal groove visible.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="s. saramama male">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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larva description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Setae on dorsal and lateral body surfaces and supra-antennal setae absent. Four genal setae on each side. Mandibular apical tooth divided. Labial denticles absent. First thoracic segment ventrally with multiple multi
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<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">dentate</pageBreakToken>
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spinules, arranged in transverse rows. Numbers of ventral setae: six on each thoracic segment, two on the abdomen (not including anal setae). Single pair of papilliform setae anterior to anal opening.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="s. saramama geographic range">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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geographic range.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Map: Figure 35.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="s. saramama notes">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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notes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from the similar
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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by its larger size, complete frontal carinae, larger eyes that lack a white layer, and frontal lobe shape and size. The queen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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is similar in size to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
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queens, but it can be separated from them by its striate mandibles (smooth in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="81" pageNumber="82" start="start">Within-species</pageBreakToken>
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variation includes the dorsal gastral carinae, which are robust in the Peru population but hardly visible in the Ecuador population.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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occurs in forested habitats in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador (Figure 35), but has never been collected in Amazonian Brazil. No other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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species has a similar distribution, although the known distribution could easily be an artifact of undersampling.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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is the sister species of a clade containing
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maravalhas" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="maravalhas">S. maravalhas</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina scrobifer" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="scrobifer">scrobifer</taxonomicName>
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, Brazilian cerrado species that are also rarely collected (Figure 35). Together,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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+ (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maravalhas" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="maravalhas">S. maravalhas</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scrobifer" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="scrobifer">S. scrobifer</taxonomicName>
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) form a clade that is the sister to all remaining
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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species (Suppl. material 1). Morphologically,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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more than its sister species. The fungal cultivar associated with this species, at least where it was collected in Peru, is a member of the diverse clade of generalized higher-attine fungi grown by species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trachymyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachymyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trachymyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, but it occupies a long, separate branch from all other higher-attine cultivars (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jesovnik, A" journalOrPublisher="Insectes sociaux" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12228" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ješovnik">Jesovnik</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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grows this cultivar species even when other cultivars are readily available; it was collected at the same locality in which two
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mayri" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="mayri">S. mayri</taxonomicName>
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and two
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
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nests were growing a different fungal species, the "
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina mayri" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="mayri">mayri</taxonomicName>
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" species, that is widely cultivated by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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species across the range of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="s. saramama etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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etymology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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This species is named after the Incan goddess of grain, Saramama, because the type locality is in the former Incan Empire (modern-day Peru) and because
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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is an ant that practices agriculture. The species name is a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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COLOMBIA: Amazonas: PNN Amacayacu, Matamata, -3.6833, -70.25, 150m, 1 Oct 2001, D. Chota; ECUADOR: Orellana: Tiputini, Chorongo trail, -0.6382, -79.8490, 15 Jun 2003, N. M. Gerardo; PERU: Madre de Dios: Tambopata Reserve, -12.81867, -69.36364, 224m, 29 Jul 2012, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ješovnik">Jesovnik</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 53.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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worker (USNMENT00924064) and queen (USNMENT00924065); head, profile and dorsal views. Worker: a, c, e. Queen: b, d, f.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 54.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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worker (USNMENT01125262), SEM images. a Head, full-face view b mandibles c metasoma, lateral view d eye.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 55.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
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larva (USNMENT01125266), SEM images. a Lateral view b ventral view c head, frontodorsal view d head, lateral view e mouthparts f anal setae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |