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414 lines
44 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="BC0B8E7DACDB15BB40E2052DC59A1CC5" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC0B8E7DACDB15BB40E2052DC59A1CC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC0B8E7DACDB15BB40E2052DC59A1CC5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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49.
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<taxonomicName authority="L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753." authorityName="L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Vegetative characters for tropical Asian spiny solanums A large and densely hairy repand leaf of S. lasiocarpum (Meeboonya et al. RM 287, Thailand) B small, pubescent, very shallowly lobed leaf of S. miyakojimense (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan) C entire, pubescent leaf of S. robinsonii (Nuraliev 3031, Vietnam) D glabrescent and deeply dissected leaf of S. virginianum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126968, India) E conical straight prickles on a pubescent young stem of S. hovei (field photograph, unvouchered, India) F strongly hooked prickles on a glabrous young stem and on the abaxial leaf surface of S. trilobatum (Meeboonya et al. RM 242, Thailand) G needle-like purple prickles on the adaxial leaf surface of S. cyanocarphium (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) H pubescent young stem of S. barbisetum armed with prickles and bristles (Suksathan et al. PS 3832, Thailand). Photograph credits: A, B, D-F X. Aubriot C, G M. Nuraliev H D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689695" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Solanum virginianum L. A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1958 (Stainton 2306, BM 000900270) B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126968, India) C detailed view of a flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126968, India) D detailed view of immature fruits (Sampath Kumar et al. 126968, India) E detailed view of mature fruits (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B-D X. Aubriot E S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 80</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum surattense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surattense">Solanum surattense</taxonomicName>
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Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 57. 1768. Type. India. Gujarat:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Surat”">"Surat"</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Garcin</emphasis>
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s.n. (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="433 - 435" refId="B98" refString="Hepper, FN, Jaeger, PML, 1986. Name changes for two Old World Solanum species. Kew Bulletin 41 (2): 433 - 435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" title="Name changes for two Old World Solanum species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" volume="41" year="1986">Hepper and Jaeger 1986</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 434, as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“type”">"type"</normalizedToken>
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; second step designated here: G-PREL [G00811278]; isolectotype: G-PREL [G00811279]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginicum">Solanum virginicum</taxonomicName>
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L., Mant. 2: 340. 1771. Type. Based on (orthographic error for)
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">Solanum virginianum</taxonomicName>
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L., not intended as a new name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum armatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armatum">Solanum armatum</taxonomicName>
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Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47. 1775. Type. Yemen. Al Hudaydah: Hays, "ad Haes" [from protologue],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated here: KIEL [KIEL0005103]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum xanthocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xanthocarpum">Solanum xanthocarpum</taxonomicName>
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Schrad. & J.C.Wendl., Sert. Hanov. 1: 8, tab. 2. 1795. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">Solanum virginianum</taxonomicName>
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L. (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="433 - 435" refId="B98" refString="Hepper, FN, Jaeger, PML, 1986. Name changes for two Old World Solanum species. Kew Bulletin 41 (2): 433 - 435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" title="Name changes for two Old World Solanum species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" volume="41" year="1986">Hepper and Jaeger 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum jacquinii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquinii">Solanum jacquinii</taxonomicName>
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Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(2): 1041. 1798, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">Solanum virginianum</taxonomicName>
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L. (cited indirectly in synonymy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arabicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabicum">Solanum arabicum</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Hist. Nat.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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240. 1813, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum armatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armatum">Solanum armatum</taxonomicName>
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Forssk. (cited in synonymy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum xanthocarpum subsp. var. var. schraderi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="xanthocarpum" subSpecies="var." variety="schraderi">Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. var. schraderi</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 302. 1852. Type. Cultivated in the Calcutta Botanical Garden, "Hort Calc",
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Wallich s.n.</emphasis>
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[Wallich Catal. 2612b] (lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00130292]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000900258], K [K001080635], K-W [K001116573]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum xanthocarpum subsp. var. var. jacquinii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="xanthocarpum" subSpecies="var." variety="jacquinii">Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. var. jacquinii</taxonomicName>
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(Willd.) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 303. 1852. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum jacquinii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquinii">Solanum jacquinii</taxonomicName>
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Willd.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mairei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mairei">Solanum mairei</taxonomicName>
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H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lév">Lev</normalizedToken>
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., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 531. 1913. Type. China. Yunnan: "Plaine de Kiao-Kia", May 1912,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.E. Maire s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated here: E [E00284473]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mccannii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mccannii">Solanum mccannii</taxonomicName>
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Santapau, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 654. 1948. Type. India. Maharashtra: Pune,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Khandala”">"Khandala"</normalizedToken>
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, 18 Oct 1943,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Santapau 2972</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated here: BLAT [acc. # 89719]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“America”">"America"</normalizedToken>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="433 - 435" refId="B98" refString="Hepper, FN, Jaeger, PML, 1986. Name changes for two Old World Solanum species. Kew Bulletin 41 (2): 433 - 435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" title="Name changes for two Old World Solanum species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" volume="41" year="1986">Hepper and Jaeger 1986</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 434: [illustration] "
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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American. laciniatum spinossimum", Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 360, t. 267, f. 346. 1732).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Prostrate shrubs, to 60 cm tall, heavily armed. Stems sprawling to erect, terete, densely prickly and sparsely stellate-pubescent; prickles to 2 cm long, broad-based, straight, straw-yellow in dry material, pale whitish green in live plants; pubescence of sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 4-7, 0.2-0.5 mm long, the midpoints more or less equal in length to the rays; new growth densely stellate-pubescent with a dense covering of papillose glandular unicellular trichomes, yellowish green or purplish green; bark of older stems brown or purplish brown, glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, deeply lobed, the blades (1-)3-11 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, 1-2.5 times longer than wide, elliptic on outline, membranous to somewhat fleshy, concolorous or slightly discolorous, densely armed on both surfaces along the midrib and major veins with prickles like those of the stems; adaxial surface dark green and shiny, sparsely pubescent with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 4-7, 0.2-0.5 mm long, the midpoints longer than the rays, moderately papillose with minute unicellular glandular papillae; abaxial surface lighter and usually more densely stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface; major veins 3-6 pairs, drying whitish yellow; base truncate, unevenly oblique with one side basiscopically extended along the petiole; margins deeply lobed, the lobes ca. 20 per side, 1.5-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, narrowly deltate to triangular, often with secondary lobing, apically acute, the sinuses extending up to halfway to the midrib; apex acute; petiole 1.5-5 cm long, 1/2-3/4 of the leaf blade length, very sparely stellate-pubescent with sessile porrect trichomes, densely prickly with more than 10 prickles like those of the stems. Inflorescences 1.5-7 cm long, internodal or occasionally almost opposite the leaves, usually unbranched, but occasionally forked, with 4-8(-10) flowers, only a few open at any one time, glabrous or with a few scattered porrect-stellate trichomes, moderately prickly with straight, straw-coloured prickles to 1.5 cm long; peduncle 1.4-2.5 cm long, moderately prickly with prickles to 1.5 cm long; pedicels 0.6-0.8(-1) cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 0.7-2 cm apart. Buds elongate-ovoid, pointed at the tip, strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and the plants weakly andromonoecious, with the lowermost flower(s) long-styled and hermaphrodite, the distal flowers short-styled and staminate. Calyx with the tube 2-3 mm long, cup-shaped, the lobes 2-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, broadly deltate abruptly narrowing to a slender subulate acumen 1-1.5 mm long, apically acute, densely prickly with prickles to 0.7 cm long, the prickles denser on long-styled flowers, glabrous or sparsely stellate pubescent with porrect trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 2.5-3 cm in diameter, deep violet and fragrant, stellate to almost rotate with abundant interpetalar tissue, lobed 1/4-1/2 of the way to the base, the lobes 0.7-1 cm long, 0.5-0.9 cm wide, broad-deltate, spreading or slightly reflexed, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent along the midveins adaxially, moderately stellate-pubescent abaxially especially on the parts of the corolla exposed in bud and on the tips. Stamens equal; anthers 7-9 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide, tapering, more or less connivent, bright yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with age; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, stellate-pubescent with white trichomes that are soon deciduous; style 12-15 mm long and strongly recurved in long-styled flowers, 2-2.5 mm long in short-styled flowers, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent with a few stellate trichomes near the base, the trichomes weak and deciduous; stigma capitate, minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-3 per infructescence, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, marbled green and white when young, bright yellow when mature, the pericarp thick and leathery, smooth, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm long, 2-3 mm in diameter at the base, 3-5 mm in diameter at the apex, unarmed or with a few small straight prickles shorter than those of the calyx, thickened and slightly fleshy, strongly recurved, the apical quarter ridged; fruiting calyx lobes elongating to 4 mm long, ca. 1/4 the length of the mature fruit, thickened and slightly fleshy in live plants, appressed to the berry. Seeds 50-100 per berry, 2.5-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, reniform, not markedly flattened, pale yellowish tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: 2n = 24 (
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1971.10796434" author="Rajasekaran, S" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 267" refId="B201" refString="Rajasekaran, S, 1971. Cytological studies on the F1 hybrid (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. X S. melongena L.) and its amphidiploid. Caryologia 24 (3): 261 - 267, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1971.10796434" title="Cytological studies on the F 1 hybrid (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. X S. melongena L.) and its amphidiploid." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1971.10796434" volume="24" year="1971">Rajasekaran 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, AK" journalOrPublisher="Die Kulturpflanze" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B55" refString="Das, AK, Borah, SP, 2015. Karyomorphological characterization of some wild species of Solanum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 6(1): B1196-B1209." title="Karyomorphological characterization of some wild species of Solanum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 6 (1): B 1196 - B 1209." year="2015">Das and Borah 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. xanthocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="xanthocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. xanthocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 80" startId="F80">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 80.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
herbarium specimen collected in India in 1958 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stainton 2306</emphasis>
|
||
, BM000900270)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habit (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126968</emphasis>
|
||
, India)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
detailed view of a flower (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126968</emphasis>
|
||
, India)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
detailed view of immature fruits (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126968</emphasis>
|
||
, India)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
detailed view of mature fruits (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
X. Aubriot
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
S. Knapp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure81" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 81" startId="F81">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 81.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 81" captionStartId="F81" captionText="Figure 81. Distribution of S. virginianum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure81" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">81</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen) to China and Myanmar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a plant of disturbed places, such as roadsides, streambeds and edges of fields, and often occurs in large populations and forms impenetrable mats; from sea level to 3,100 m elevation (highest elevation from Afghanistan).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
China. mao guo qie (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). India. Bihar: rengani, kataila (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Varma, SK" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B254" refString="Varma, SK, 1981. Flora of Bhagalpur. Today's & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi." title="Flora of Bhagalpur. Today's & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi." year="1981">Varma 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. surattense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="surattense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. surattense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Haryana: kateli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SP" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B108" refString="Jain, SP, Verma, DM, Singh, SC, Singh, JS, Kumar, S, 2000. Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." title="Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." year="2000">Jain et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. surattense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="surattense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. surattense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Kerala: kandankathiri (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mohanan, M" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B178" refString="Mohanan, M, Henry, AN, 1994. Flora of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta." title="Flora of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta." year="1994">Mohanan and Henry 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. surattense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="surattense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. surattense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Rajasthan: baiga-kateli, bhurangi, dhaturi [Hindi] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Tamil Nadu: kandankathiri [Tamil] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matthew, KM" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B159" refString="Matthew, KM, 1983. Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. Volume 3. Dioscesan Press, Madras [Chennai]." title="Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. Volume 3. Dioscesan Press, Madras [Chennai]." year="1983">Matthew 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); kandangattiri [Tamil] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, AN" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B94" refString="Henry, AN, Kumari, GR, Chithra, V, 1987. Flora of Tamil Nadu, India. Series I: Analysis. Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore." title="Flora of Tamil Nadu, India. Series I: Analysis. Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore." year="1987">Henry et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely used in medicine as one of the "dasa mulikas" of traditional Indian medicine; used in treatment of asthma, cough, fever etc. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tadulingam, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B240" refString="Tadulingam, C, Venkatanarayana, G, 1932. A handbook of South Indian weeds. Government Press, Madras." title="A handbook of South Indian weeds. Government Press, Madras." year="1932">Tadulingam and Venkatanarayana 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SP" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B108" refString="Jain, SP, Verma, DM, Singh, SC, Singh, JS, Kumar, S, 2000. Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." title="Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." year="2000">Jain et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The whole plant is considered highly medicinal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, NP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B226" refString="Singh, NP, 1988. Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455-462." title="Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455 - 462." year="1988">Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Least Concern (LC). EOO (7,899,801 km2, LC); AOO (336 km2, EN).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a weedy species, forming dense patches in open disturbed areas and along dry riverbeds. Tropical Asia represents the easternmost part of its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a seriously mis-named species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Vol 6. Fruits. Springer, Dordrecht" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B149" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1753. Species plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm." title="Species plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm." year="1753">Linnaeus (1753</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 187) thought it originated in the then-English colony of Virginia ("Habitat in America" - taken from the polynomials cited in synonymy), while in fact it is not found there except as a recent introduction in ships ballast. With its almost glabrous leaves, prominent straw-coloured prickles, large, fragrant purple flowers and weedy habit it is easily recognised and unlikely to be confused with any other species in the region. In the field the flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sweetly fragrant but little is known about the pollination of this, or any other spiny solanum in the region (except
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. insanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400404" author="Davidar, P" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="128 - 138" refId="B58" refString="Davidar, P, Snow, AA, Rajkumar, M, Pasquet, R, Daunay, M-C, Mutegi, E, 2015. The potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (Solanum melongena; Solanaceae) in southern India. American Journal of Botany 102 (1): 128 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400404" title="The potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (Solanum melongena; Solanaceae) in southern India." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400404" volume="102" year="2015">Davidar et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="viarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. viarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similarly prickly, but the prickles are not as long and in those species the leaf pubescence is apparently simple, not stellate. The flowers of both these taxa are white or pale greenish white and the leaves are ovate to broadly elliptic rather than narrowly elliptic in outline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to the main set of African clades of spiny solanums (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), albeit this relationship is only weakly supported and is an isolated lineage; no other species clustered with it in the molecular analyses. Its affinities apparently lie with African rather than tropical Asian lineages such as the 'Sahul-Pacific
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="clade’">clade'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="433 - 435" refId="B98" refString="Hepper, FN, Jaeger, PML, 1986. Name changes for two Old World Solanum species. Kew Bulletin 41 (2): 433 - 435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" title="Name changes for two Old World Solanum species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102956" volume="41" year="1986">Hepper and Jaeger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
inadvertently and effectively lectotypified
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. surattense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="surattense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. surattense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with citation of "Type.: Pakistan, Surat, [....]
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garcin</emphasis>
|
||
in Hb.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Burmann" lsidName="Burmann" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmann</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" (G-Herb. Delessert!). The
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Burmann" lsidName="Burmann" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Burmann</taxonomicName>
|
||
herbarium is held in G-PREL; pre-Linnaean collections were extracted from the general herbarium after 1992, and are no longer part of the Delessert herbarium. Two sheets of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garcin s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
are housed in G-PREL necessitating a second lectotypification step. We have chosen the more complete of these sheets (G00811278) as the lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. surattense." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="surattense.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. surattense.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We have lectotypified
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. armatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. armatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using the only authentic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
|
||
material we have found in the Kiel University herbarium (KIEL0005103), although the specimen does not have an indication of the locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum jacquinii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum jacquinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an illegitimate superfluous name because
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="virginianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. virginianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was cited in synonymy indirectly by citation of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacquin’s">Jacquin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1786-1793) illustration, which itself cited Linnaeus. The specimen in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin (B-W-04384-00 0) bears a copy of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Willdenow’s">Willdenow's</normalizedToken>
|
||
short description on the cover and is certainly that used in the description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. xanthocarpum subsp. var. var. schraderi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="xanthocarpum" subSpecies="var." variety="schraderi">S. xanthocarpum var. schraderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited a number of names and elements, including
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. xanthocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="xanthocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. xanthocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself, suggesting he was considering this the typical variety. We have elected to typify the name however, since the citations are not clear, and choose as the lectotype the G-DC duplicate of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wallich cat. 2618b</emphasis>
|
||
(G00130292) that is specifically cited in the protologue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The herbarium of the French botanist and clergyman Augustin A.H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
|
||
was acquired by the Scottish botanist George Forrest from whence it passed to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. We have selected the specimen at E (E00284473) that corresponds to the description, collector and locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130123306" author="Leveille, AAH" journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="531 - 538" refId="B145" refString="Leveille, AAH, 1913. CIII. Decades plantarum novarum. CXXVII-CXXXI. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 12 (33-36): 531 - 538, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130123306" title="CIII. Decades plantarum novarum. CXXVII-CXXXI." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130123306" volume="12" year="1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
|
||
1913
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as the lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. mairei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mairei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. mairei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |