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<mods:title id="6F79BA21903C068FE15BB07E27EF7F5C">Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A80BE3B892EF60F553DD47E216BD40F0">Bergh, Eugene W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CD693C162EB3266F6B6687E15D5C2AC">Marine Research Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. &amp; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; &amp; Invertebrate palaeontology and Geology, Iziko South African Museum, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. john. compton @ uct. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0765 - 4141</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192044048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5840597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFF2930F7FC99D7EFED1F938" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99D7EFD93F904" blockId="33.[151,599,1650,1713]" box="[151,599,1650,1677]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFF2930F7FC99D7EFD93F904" bold="true" box="[151,599,1650,1677]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF2930F7FC99D7EFD93F904" ID-CoL="83QVZ" authority="(de Stefani, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="de Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,599,1650,1677]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99D7EFD93F904" bold="true" box="[151,599,1650,1677]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99D7EFEB2F905" bold="true" box="[151,374,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Trilobatus sicanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF2930F7ED89D7EFD8BF904" author="De Stefani, T." box="[390,591,1650,1676]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30807" refString="De Stefani, T. (1952) Su alcune manifestazioni di idrocarburi in provincia di Palermo e descrizione di Foraminiferi nuovi. Plina, Palermo, 12 pp." type="book" year="1952">de Stefani, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99D9BFED1F938" blockId="33.[151,599,1650,1713]" box="[151,277,1686,1713]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFF2930F7FC99D9BFED1F938" bold="true" box="[151,277,1686,1713]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99D9BFED1F938" bold="true" box="[151,277,1686,1713]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pl. 8, fig. 4</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFF2930F7FC99DD8FBB7F8A2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99DD8FB9FF965" blockId="33.[151,1139,1748,1834]" box="[151,1115,1748,1773]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF2930F7FC99DD8FD26F964" ID-CoL="6KHF4" authority="Cushman &amp; Stainforth, 1945" authorityName="Cushman &amp; Stainforth" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,738,1748,1773]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="conglobata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99DD8FE70F964" box="[151,436,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Globigerinoides conglobata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF2930F7EE49DD8FD26F964" author="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Stainforth, R. M." box="[442,738,1748,1773]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="3 - 75" refId="ref30442" refString="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Stainforth, R. M. (1945) The foraminifera of the Cipero marl formation of Trinidad. British West Indies. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 14, 3 - 75." type="journal article" year="1945">Cushman &amp; Stainforth, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 13, fig. 6. (
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7C239DD9FB89F964" box="[893,1101,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Not
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF2930F7CF69DD9FB89F964" ID-CoL="6KHHC" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[936,1101,1748,1772]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="conglobatus">Gs. conglobatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99DFFFDA7F883" blockId="33.[151,1139,1748,1834]" box="[151,611,1779,1803]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFF2930F7FC99DFFFDA7F883" box="[151,611,1779,1803]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFF2930F7FC99DFFFD9BF883" author="De Stefani, T." box="[151,607,1779,1803]" page="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1952">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF2930F7FC99DFFFD9BF883" ID-CoL="859TP" authority="de Stefani, 1952, p. 9" authorityName="de Stefani" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,607,1779,1803]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicana">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99DFFFE40F883" box="[151,388,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Globigerinoides sicana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF2930F7ED59DFFFDF6F883" author="De Stefani, T." box="[395,562,1779,1803]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30807" refString="De Stefani, T. (1952) Su alcune manifestazioni di idrocarburi in provincia di Palermo e descrizione di Foraminiferi nuovi. Plina, Palermo, 12 pp." type="book" year="1952">de Stefani, 1952</bibRefCitation>
, p.9
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99C1EFBB7F8A2" blockId="33.[151,1139,1748,1834]" box="[151,1139,1810,1834]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFF2930F7FC99C1EFBB7F8A2" box="[151,1139,1810,1834]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFF2930F7FC99C1EFDACF8A2" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[151,616,1810,1834]" page="199" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF2930F7FC99C1EFDACF8A2" authority="Bolli et al., 1985, p. 199" authorityName="Bolli" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,616,1810,1834]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Praeorbulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicana">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99C1EFEACF8A1" box="[151,360,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Praeorbulina sicana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF2930F7E319C1EFDD8F8A2" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[367,540,1810,1834]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref28621" refString="Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Bolli
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7EF69C1FFE1FF8A2" box="[424,475,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 1985
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 199
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 24.7;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFF2930F7D8B9C1EFC22F8A2" author="Kender, S. &amp; Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Jones, R. W." box="[725,998,1810,1834]" page="522" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF2930F7D8B9C1EFC5EF8A2" author="Kender, S. &amp; Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Jones, R. W." box="[725,922,1810,1834]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="477 - 568" refId="ref33808" refString="Kender, S., Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2008) Early to middle Miocene foraminifera from the deep-sea Congo Fan, offshore Angola. Micropalaeontology, 54, 477 - 568." type="journal article" year="2008">
Kender
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7C789C1FFC96F8A2" box="[806,850,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 522
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 27, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFF2930F7FC99C5DFDAAF850" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF2930F7FC99C5DFDAAF850" blockId="33.[151,1437,1873,2008]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF2930F7FC99C5DFEE5F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1873,1899]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
: The test surface is macroperforate and cancellate. The test is globular and circular in cross section. The chambers are rounded, with slit-like apertures separating the chambers. Approximately half of the test is enveloped by the final chamber. The primary aperture appears as a narrow slit-like opening and supplementary apertures form along sutures on the spiral side of the test.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFF1930C7F999B9AFAC9FD91" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF1930C7F999B9AFDFBFF5C" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7F999B9AFEF9FF38" bold="true" box="[199,317,150,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks:</emphasis>
The relative abundances of
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7D279B9BFCD8FF38" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1954" box="[633,796,150,177]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bisphericus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7D279B9BFCD8FF38" box="[633,796,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. bisphericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are small, measuring
<quantity id="56269B49FFF1930C7E009BB6FE70FF5D" box="[350,436,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF1930C7F999BD2FB18FEC9" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The likely ancestor of
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7E8A9BD3FD8CFF70" baseAuthorityName="de Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[468,584,223,248]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7E8A9BD3FD8CFF70" box="[468,584,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7D2F9BD3FB81FF71" authority="(Spezzaferri et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Spezzaferri" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[625,1093,222,249]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bisphericus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7D2F9BD3FCD6FF70" box="[625,786,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. bisphericus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7C7B9BD2FBF9FF71" author="Spezzaferri, S. &amp; Kucera, M. &amp; Pearson, P. N. &amp; Wade, B. S. &amp; Rappo, S. &amp; Poole, C. R. &amp; Morard, R. &amp; Stalder, C." box="[805,1085,222,249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="0128108" refId="ref37947" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Kucera, M., Pearson, P. N., Wade, B. S., Rappo, S., Poole, C. R., Morard, R. &amp; Stalder, C. (2015) Fossil and genetic evidence for the polyphyletic nature of the planktonic foraminifera &quot; Globigerinoides &quot;, and description of the new genus Trilobatus. PLoS One, 10, e 0128108. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0128108" type="journal article" year="2015">
Spezzaferri
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7CEF9BD3FC23FF70" box="[945,999,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species differs from its ancestor in its more enveloping final chamber, with more of the umbilicus being covered.
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7BDC9A0EFA8BFE94" baseAuthorityName="de Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1154,1359,258,284]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7BDC9A0EFA8BFE94" box="[1154,1359,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Trilobatus sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also considered to be intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7D139A2BFD2DFEC8" box="[589,745,294,320]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bisphericus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7D139A2BFD2DFEC8" box="[589,745,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. bisphericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7C7E9A2AFB13FEC9" authority="(Bolli et al., 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Bolli" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[800,1239,294,321]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Praeorbulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7C7E9A2AFC3AFEC8" box="[800,1022,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Praeorbulina curva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7B529A2AFB0BFEC9" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[1036,1231,294,321]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref28621" refString="Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Bolli
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7B139A2BFBBAFEC8" box="[1101,1150,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF1930C7F999A46FF24FE01" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7F999A46FDDCFEEC" bold="true" box="[199,536,330,356]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Environmental preferences:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7D7F9A47FD57FEEC" baseAuthorityName="de Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[545,659,331,356]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7D7F9A47FD57FEEC" box="[545,659,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is identified as a subtropical to tropical species (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7B959A46FF10FE01" author="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref28678" refString="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K. (2015) Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera. UCL Press, London, 306 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctt 1 g 69 xwk" type="book" year="2015">BouDagher-Fadel, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF1930C7F999A9EFD55FE59" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7F999A9EFDCDFE24" bold="true" box="[199,521,402,428]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Global stratigraphic range</emphasis>
: This species is an indicator species for the Miocene Burdigalian to Langhian (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7FC09ABAFEA3FE58" author="Wade, B. S. &amp; Pearson, P. N. &amp; Berggren, W. A. &amp; Palike, H." box="[158,359,438,465]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="111 - 142" refId="ref38894" refString="Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A. &amp; Palike, H. (2011) Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews, 104, 111 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. earscirev. 2010.09.003" type="journal article" year="2011">
Wade
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7FB99ABBFEDCFE58" box="[231,280,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7E2C9ABAFD41FE59" author="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K." box="[370,645,438,465]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref28678" refString="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K. (2015) Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera. UCL Press, London, 306 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctt 1 g 69 xwk" type="book" year="2015">BouDagher-Fadel, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFF1930C7F999AD6FAC9FD91" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7F999AD6FE02FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,454,474,500]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Regional occurrence:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFF1930C7E919AD7FDFBFE7C" baseAuthorityName="de Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[463,575,475,500]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7E919AD7FDFBFE7C" box="[463,575,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been identified in Miocene strata from the
<collectingCountry id="E9C9763CFFF1930C7B039AD6FB6CFE7C" box="[1117,1192,474,500]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Congo</collectingCountry>
Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFF1930C7BA19AD6FF15FD90" author="Kender, S. &amp; Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Jones, R. W." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="477 - 568" refId="ref33808" refString="Kender, S., Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2008) Early to middle Miocene foraminifera from the deep-sea Congo Fan, offshore Angola. Micropalaeontology, 54, 477 - 568." type="journal article" year="2008">
Kender
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFF1930C7A029AD7FA52FE7C" box="[1372,1430,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>