179 lines
17 KiB
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179 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" approvalRequired="15" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="15" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFD5FFC6FF7EFF68C6E9FDF0" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.3:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Endressistemon E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="381" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="381" updateTime="1673637970809" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>341</mods:start>
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<mods:end>424</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7522801</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFD5FFC6FF7EFF68C6E9FDF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFD5FFC6FF7EFF68C6E9FDF0" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[164,733,151,207]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[193,266,151,175]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Genus</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,447,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Endressistemon</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[632,733,183,207]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[128,768,230,286]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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T y p e.
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE," authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[251,761,230,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cateficensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[251,538,230,254]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Endressistemon cateficensis</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE
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</taxonomicName>
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, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[573,656,263,286]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[129,768,310,366]" box="[166,768,310,334]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[129,768,310,366]" box="[129,454,342,366]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">PFN0002796 (for new genus).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[129,768,389,477]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">E t y m o l o g y. In honor of Peter K. Endress for his many contributions to understanding the flower and stamen morphology of angiosperms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[128,768,500,877]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">G e n e r i c d i a g n o s i s. Staminate structure consisting of a short, common stalk bearing two fully developed lateral stamens with a median axis-like structure between them. Stamens tetrasporangiate and dithecate with sessile, basifixed anthers attached directly to the common stalk. Thecae straight and parallel in each stamen, but the thecae of the two stamens diverging apically. Apex of the two stamens with prominent coriaceous projection that is also seen on the median axis-like structure. A bundle extends from the common base into the apical projection of the two stamens and the median axis-like structure. Pollen grains monocolpate, semitectate-reticulate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[128,768,900,1919]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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C o m m e n t s o n t h e g e n u s. Interpreting the morphology and likely relationships of this androecial structure is not straightforward but based on the distinctive apical projection of the stamens, and the monocolpate pollen, we infer a systematic position among the grade of early diverging angiosperms lineages. Similar prominent apical projections are characteristic of the stamens of many extant
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[204,336,1125,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Endress, P. K. & Hufford, L. D." box="[412,711,1125,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="45 - 85" refId="ref54750" refString="Endress, P. K., Hufford, L. D. (1989): The diversity of stamen structures and dehiscence patterns among Magnoliidae. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 100: 45 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1989. tb 01709. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Endress and Hufford 1989</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Heusden, E. C. H." pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref60785" refString="Van Heusden, E. C. H. (1992): Flowers of Annonaceae: morphology, classification, and evolution. - Blumea, Supplement, 7: 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1992">Van Heusden 1992</bibRefCitation>
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), but stamens in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[466,598,1157,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
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are always free from each other. The trifid form of the staminal structure is more suggestive of the tripartite androecium of extant
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<taxonomicName authority="(Endress 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Endress" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[129,444,1253,1277]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Chloranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[129,262,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Chloranthus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Endress, P. K." box="[282,436,1253,1277]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="153 - 226" refId="ref54664" refString="Endress, P. K. (1987): The Chloranthaceae: reproductive structures and phylogenetic position. - Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 109: 153 - 226." type="journal article" year="1987">Endress 1987</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and of the Late Cretaceous
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<taxonomicName authority="P. R. CRANE, E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityName="P. R. CRANE, E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN" box="[129,767,1285,1310]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Chloranthistemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[129,322,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Chloranthistemon</emphasis>
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P.R.CRANE, E.M.FRIIS et K.R.PEDERSEN
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</taxonomicName>
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(Crane et al. 1989,
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<bibRefCitation author="Eklund, H. & Friis, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[357,575,1317,1342]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref54609" refString="Eklund, H., Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R. (1997): Chloranthaceous floral structures from the Late Cretaceous of Sweden. - Plant Systematics and Evolution, 207: 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00985207" type="journal article" year="1997">Eklund et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Both have two lateral and one median stamen typically borne on a common stalk and with the thecae positioned dorsally. However,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Endress" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[128,261,1414,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Chloranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[128,261,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Chloranthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[316,509,1414,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Chloranthistemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[316,509,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Chloranthistemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a fully developed, tetrasporangiate median stamen and two bisporangiate lateral stamens, which is the reverse of the situation in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[128,296,1510,1534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[128,296,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Endressistemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which the median axis-like structure appears to lack pollen sacs. The extinct chloranthoid
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, G. W. GRIMM, M. M. MENDES et K. R. PEDERSEN and Kvacekispermum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2015" box="[129,288,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[129,288,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Canrightiopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has an androecium consisting of three dorsally aligned stamens, but in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, G. W. GRIMM, M. M. MENDES et K. R. PEDERSEN and Kvacekispermum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2015" box="[483,642,1606,1630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[483,642,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Canrightiopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the stamen bases are not united.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[128,768,900,1919]" lastBlockId="40.[843,1482,151,598]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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In the context of the androecia of these living and fossil chloranthoids it is possible that the median structure in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[160,328,1734,1758]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[160,328,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Endressistemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a reduced stamen or that the thecae have been torn away during fossilization. Alternatively, the median axis-like structure with its apical projection may be a bract, and the apical projections associated with the lateral stamens may also be derived from a bract fused to the stamens. This interpretation is supported by the tough, leaf-like nature of the apical projection, the axis-like form of the median structure, and the extension of three separate vascular bundles from the common base into the apical projections, which would be unusual in a typical angiosperm stamen. This interpretation would be consistent with the suggestion that the tough apical projection of the
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<taxonomicName box="[843,975,346,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[843,975,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stamen could be remains of a subtending bract fused with the stamen (
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<bibRefCitation author="Endress, P. K. & Doyle, J. A." box="[1092,1360,379,403]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="1093 - 1116" refId="ref54699" refString="Endress, P. K., Doyle, J. A. (2015): Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms. - Taxon, 65: 1093 - 1116. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 646.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Endress and Doyle 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Doyle, J. A. & Endress, P. K." pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="156 - 202" refId="ref54160" refString="Doyle, J. A., Endress, P. K. (2018): Phylogenetic analyses of Cretaceous fossils related to Chloranthaceae and their evolutionary implications. - The Botanical Review, 84: 156 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12229 - 018 - 9197 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">Doyle and Endress 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[843,1482,151,598]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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Among extinct plants the Early Cretaceous
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<taxonomicName authority="G. SUN, DILCHER, SHAO L. ZHENG et Z. K. ZHOU" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Archaefructaceae" genus="Archaefructus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1332,1482,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Archaefructus</emphasis>
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G.SUN, DILCHER, SHAO L.ZHENG et Z.K.ZHOU
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</taxonomicName>
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also has two or three stamens borne together, but in
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<taxonomicName box="[1282,1432,509,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Archaefructaceae" genus="Archaefructus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1282,1432,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Archaefructus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the anthers are not sessile and not borne on a common stalk and the stamen apices are less prominent (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sun, G. & Dilcher, D. L. & Zheng, S. & Zhou, Z." box="[1247,1412,574,598]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" pagination="1692 - 1695" refId="ref60195" refString="Sun, G., Dilcher, D. L., Zheng, S., Zhou, Z. (1998): In search of the first flower: a Jurassic angiosperm, Archaefructus from N. E. China. - Science, 282: 1692 - 1695. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 282.5394.1692" type="journal article" year="1998">Sun et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |