518 lines
64 KiB
XML
518 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="3FFAA82889E24B725E04E5B2B2B3E2F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="9275" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="32b41697-bcad-4325-b0b9-e50ea0eef03c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322394" ID-ZooBank="C17AFF30-1035-4A81-8C4F-C33A430A7712" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608024136281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel, Edwards, Edward D. & Williams, Andrew A. E." docDate="2020" docId="03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synemon cacumina Kallies & Edwards & Williams 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FFC4FF9F140CF17AEA3ADA41FF82B72B" masterDocTitle="New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1698847567355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6476F49024EBD457A52301AD1B86C7D6">
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<mods:title id="17527F6C115E9DF213D6DB08EE290237">New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B31D714A7669259003E31BE212F93050" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0A18EF1FC3FF6EFAE7DF6C8DEBEFC52C">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A9798F6642284E20A9137BA6ACEC644">University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, 3000 Victoria, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="839A7A01AC560E0559B46B71772F5BFC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E4CA0E12FCCD27C06A82493C5B6259B2">Edwards, Edward D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4E709ED1A0BE00AEE91DE20657ACD927">CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="93C04C8768B43607AF41552C06E1A2E7">Williams, Andrew A. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="356F5722787D4A82C69329131909FD06" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2777-4116</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="675589B0B3E0F87964BE055D7BB9FD87">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Woodvale Research Centre, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia. Andy. williams @ dbca. wa. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2777 - 4116</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="170B300D64C31D1906819A40F304A17A" type="email">ndy.williams@dbca.wa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DE903DF464CAB5E6AF645CB68348B0C8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6E26BD5A24A503130BF7DBE1291AFD27">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BAA68B3A3438679D967A68DCD64A0AC8">
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<mods:date id="8C4480A4AA73A4090EC4EBF6E03207BE">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9325A27C55DDA2B807D6F5329A764258">2020-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="916085FCFD40C1D760F2DC20C796F4D2">4895</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F63A7A3296C00F91090AEC8A89390E18">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176092669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection id="C34E657A142DF15BEAADDF4AFEEAB263" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAADDF4AFD47B20E" blockId="33.[151,709,1290,1389]" box="[151,709,1290,1317]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<heading id="D0A3819D142DF15BEAADDF4AFD47B20E" bold="true" box="[151,709,1290,1317]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEAADDF4AFD47B20E" bold="true" box="[151,709,1290,1317]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142DF15BEAADDF4AFDF9B20E" authority="Kallies & Edwards" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,635,1290,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEAADDF4AFE04B20E" bold="true" box="[151,390,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
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Kallies & Edwards
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798142DF15BE8B9DF4AFD47B20E" box="[643,709,1291,1317]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAADDF6FFEEAB263" blockId="33.[151,709,1290,1389]" box="[151,360,1326,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<heading id="D0A3819D142DF15BEAADDF6FFEEAB263" bold="true" box="[151,360,1326,1352]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEAADDF6FFEEAB263" bold="true" box="[151,360,1326,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Hilltop Sun-moth</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E657A142DF15BEAADDF12FB99B284" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAADDF12FE3EB246" blockId="33.[151,709,1290,1389]" box="[151,444,1363,1389]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BEAADDF12FF6EB246" box="[151,236,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,189,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Synemon species, female genitalia. Signum (left), anterior part (middle), posterior part (right). 64. Synemon semaphora sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13052). 65. Synemon petrophila sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13066) (ANIC). 66. Synemon angustiptera sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13046) (ANIC). 67. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13063) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Figs 67</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BEAC2DF12FEC3B246" box="[248,321,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">77–80</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BEB76DF12FEE8B246" box="[332,362,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1178,1202]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,192,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-19@35.[151,1436,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 81. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratypes, male genitalia. a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides ANIC 11853, 11854) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322434/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">81</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BEB4CDF12FE3EB246" box="[374,444,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">92, 93</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAADDFD6FB99B284" blockId="33.[151,1051,1431,1455]" box="[151,1051,1431,1455]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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||
Literature: Williams
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||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEB51DFD9FE15B284" box="[363,407,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2016: 108–110, figs 18, 19 (as ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142DF15BE8DCDFD6FCC3B285" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[742,833,1431,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BE8DCDFD6FCC3B285" box="[742,833,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Synemon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp. Mount Ragged’).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E657A142DF15BEAADDF9CFE3AB08C" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAADDF9CFE3AB08C" blockId="33.[151,1436,1501,2032]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEAADDF9CFE01B2DC" bold="true" box="[151,387,1501,1527]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEBB6DF9CFD7AB130" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638450" collectingDate="1990-12-29" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="M. S. & B. J. Moulds'" location="Israelite Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEBB6DF9CFD80B2DC" bold="true" box="[396,514,1501,1527]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<typeStatus id="54EF8853142DF15BEBB6DF9CFE7FB2DC" box="[396,509,1501,1527]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Ƌ ‘heathland above escarpment approx.
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<quantity id="4CAC9B14142DF15BE9E1DF9CFBA6B2DC" box="[987,1060,1501,1527]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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WNW of
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<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEEA5DF9CFAB2B2D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEEA5DF9CFAB2B2D3" box="[1183,1328,1501,1528]" name="Israelite Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Israelite Bay</location>
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, W.A.
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||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEFBADF9CFE89B130" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1990-12-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEFBADF9CFE89B130" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1990-12-29">29 Dec. 1990</collectingDate>
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</date>
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<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEB28DC40FE7CB130" box="[274,510,1537,1564]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">M.S. & B.J. Moulds’</collectorName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BE837DC40FD0FB130" box="[525,653,1537,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
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||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE89FDC40FD72B130" box="[677,752,1537,1563]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE939DC40FAD3B130" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638505" box="[771,1361,1537,1564]" collectionCode="ANIC, AMS" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BE939DC40FC06B130" bold="true" box="[771,900,1537,1563]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853142DF15BE939DC40FCFDB130" box="[771,895,1537,1563]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
7 Ƌ, labelled as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853142DF15BEE79DC40FB27B130" box="[1091,1189,1537,1563]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEE8EDC40FB7FB130" box="[1204,1277,1537,1563]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEF3DDC40FACAB130" box="[1287,1352,1537,1563]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEF67DC40FC23B114" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638491" collectingDate="1989-12-18" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="R. P. Fields" location="Cape Arid" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
2Ƌ,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A592FD3142DF15BEFB4DC40FEF6B114" location="Mt Ragged" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142DF15BEFB4DC40FF39B114" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Mt Ragged
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEBBADC64FE70B114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEBBADC64FE70B114" box="[384,498,1573,1599]" name="Cape Arid" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Cape Arid</location>
|
||
N.P.,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE80DDC64FD3BB114" box="[567,697,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1989-12-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BE80DDC64FD3BB114" box="[567,697,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1989-12-18">18.xii.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE8FCDC67FCBCB114" box="[710,830,1573,1600]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">R.P. Fields</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE974DC64FC1BB114" box="[846,921,1573,1599]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE997DC64FEBFB1AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638476" collectingDate="1990-12-29" collectionCode="ANIC, AMS" collectorName="M. S. & B. J. Moulds" location="Israelite Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
6Ƌ, heathland above escarpment approx.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142DF15BEFBADC64FF39B148" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEB2EDC08FE26B14F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEB2EDC08FE26B14F" box="[276,420,1609,1636]" name="Israelite Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Israelite Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEB8BDC08FDB1B148" box="[433,563,1609,1635]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1990-12-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEB8BDC08FDB1B148" box="[433,563,1609,1635]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1990-12-29">29.xii.1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE87ADC08FCA5B148" box="[576,807,1609,1636]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">M.S. & B.J. Moulds</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BE90DDC08FC09B148" box="[823,907,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1178,1202]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,192,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-19@35.[151,1436,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 81. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratypes, male genitalia. a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides ANIC 11853, 11854) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322434/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
, genitalia and leg slides 11853, 11854, 13064) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEAA5DC2CFF6AB1AC" box="[159,232,1645,1671]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEAC9DC2CFEB6B1AC" box="[243,308,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEB70DC2CFF70B180" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638438" collectingDate="1993-01-06" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" latitude="-33.36" location="Ravensthorpe" longLatPrecision="723" longitude="120.18" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78142DF15BEB70DC2CFEEDB1AC" box="[330,367,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142DF15BEB47DC2CFE44B1AC" box="[381,454,1645,1671]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
E
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEBD3DC2CFD04B1AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEBD3DC2CFD04B1AC" box="[489,646,1645,1671]" latitude="-33.36" longLatPrecision="723" longitude="120.18" name="Ravensthorpe" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Ravensthorpe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036142DF15BE8A9DC2CFD63B1AC" box="[659,737,1645,1671]" degrees="33.36" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" precision="555" value="-33.36">33.36S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036142DF15BE8D0DC2CFCC9B1AC" box="[746,843,1645,1671]" degrees="120.18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" precision="555" value="120.18">120.18E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE962DC2CFC34B1AC" box="[856,950,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1993-01-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BE962DC2CFC34B1AC" box="[856,950,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1993-01-06">6.i.1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE9FEDC2FFBE7B1AC" box="[964,1125,1645,1672]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">E.D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEE48DC2CFA82B1AC" box="[1138,1280,1645,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">E.S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BEF2ADC2CFA16B1AC" box="[1296,1428,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Figs 79, 80</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEAA5DCD0FF68B180" box="[159,234,1681,1707]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEAC7DCD0FCCAB180" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638393" box="[253,840,1681,1708]" collectingDate="1974-12-10" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="K. T. Richards" location="Mt Ragged" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1Ƌ,
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEB15DCD3FE2DB180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEB15DCD3FE2DB180" box="[303,431,1681,1708]" name="Mt Ragged" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Mt Ragged</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEB81DCD0FDBFB180" box="[443,573,1681,1707]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1974-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEB81DCD0FDBFB180" box="[443,573,1681,1707]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1974-12-10">10.xii.1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE873DCD3FD64B180" box="[585,742,1681,1708]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">K.T. Richards</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE8CEDCD0FCBDB180" box="[756,831,1681,1707]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE969DCD0FD4BB1E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638488" accessionNumber="S 12329" collectingDate="2017-01-04" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="Cape Arid N. P. & A. A. E. Williams" location="The Diamonds Hill" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
8Ƌ,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE9BFDCD0FBB2B187" box="[901,1072,1681,1708]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Cape Arid N.P.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEE01DCD0FA95B180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEE01DCD0FA95B180" box="[1083,1303,1681,1707]" name="The Diamonds Hill" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">The Diamonds Hill</location>
|
||
, 3338’46”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12142DF15BEFB4DCD0FF67B1E4" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12329" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="EnaNcbi">S 12329</accessionNumber>
|
||
’13”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEB0EDCF4FE10B1E4" box="[308,402,1717,1743]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2017-01-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEB0EDCF4FE10B1E4" box="[308,402,1717,1743]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2017-01-04">4.i.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEB9BDCF7FDE0B1E4" box="[417,610,1717,1744]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE84FDCF4FD42B1E4" box="[629,704,1717,1743]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE8E3DCF4FD5EB1D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638361" accessionNumber="S 11925" collectingDate="2015-01-11" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="Fitzgerald River N. P. & A. A. E. Williams" location="East Mount Barren" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
2Ƌ,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE92ADCF4FB8BB1FB" box="[784,1033,1717,1744]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Fitzgerald River N.P.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEE20DCF7FB7FB1FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEE20DCF7FB7FB1FB" box="[1050,1277,1718,1744]" name="East Mount Barren" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">East Mount Barren</location>
|
||
, 3412’59.5”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12142DF15BEFB4DCF4FF62B1DF" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11925" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="EnaNcbi">S 11925</accessionNumber>
|
||
’58.9”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEB7EDC98FE2DB1DF" box="[324,431,1753,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2015-01-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEB7EDC98FE2DB1DF" box="[324,431,1753,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2015-01-11">11.i.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEB81DC9BFDFAB1D8" box="[443,632,1753,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE8B3DC98FD56B1D8" box="[649,724,1753,1779]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE8D3DC98FD05B03C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638431" collectingDate="2004-12-16" collectionCode="ANIC, CAK" collectorName="A. A. E. Williams" county="Ranges" location="Red Gum Pass" municipality="Lookout Hill" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stirling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
2Ƌ,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F813142DF15BE926DC98FCF2B1D8" box="[796,880,1753,1779]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628A4E7D142DF15BE943DC9BFC4CB1DF" box="[889,974,1754,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Ranges</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC8B142DF15BE9E1DC98FBEDB1D8" box="[987,1135,1753,1779]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Lookout Hill</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
alongside
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEED6DC98FA15B1DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEED6DC98FA15B1DF" box="[1260,1431,1753,1780]" county="Ranges" municipality="Lookout Hill" name="Red Gum Pass" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" stateProvince="Stirling">Red Gum Pass</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEAADDCBCFE9BB03C" box="[151,281,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEAADDCBCFE9BB03C" box="[151,281,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-16">16.xii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEB19DCBFFE5FB03C" box="[291,477,1789,1816]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEBD1DCBCFDB6B03C" box="[491,564,1789,1815]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE805DCBCFDFDB03C" box="[575,639,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">CAK</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE8A8DCBCFEE2B010" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638383" collectingDate="1994-01-28" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Ranges N. P. & A. A. E. Williams" location="12 km E Mondurup Peak" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stirling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1Ƌ,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F813142DF15BE8F8DCBCFC94B03C" box="[706,790,1789,1815]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE927DCBFFC25B033" box="[797,935,1790,1816]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Ranges N.P.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BE988DCBCFB4FB03C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BE988DCBCFB4FB03C" box="[946,1229,1789,1816]" name="12 km E Mondurup Peak" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" stateProvince="Stirling">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142DF15BE988DCBCFC7BB03C" box="[946,1017,1789,1815]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
E Mondurup Peak
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEEE2DCBCFAC6B03C" box="[1240,1348,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1994-01-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEEE2DCBCFAC6B03C" box="[1240,1348,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1994-01-28">28.i.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEF74DCBFFF7FB010" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEB34DD60FEDBB010" box="[270,345,1825,1851]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEB54DD60FAE7B010" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638508" box="[366,1381,1825,1852]" collectingDate="1974-01-13" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="K. & E. Carnaby" location="Ranges" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Stirling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78142DF15BEB54DD60FE13B010" box="[366,401,1825,1851]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F813142DF15BEBA0DD60FE6CB010" box="[410,494,1825,1851]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEBCDDD63FDCEB017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEBCDDD63FDCEB017" box="[503,588,1826,1852]" name="Ranges" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" stateProvince="Stirling">Ranges</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE863DD60FD47B010" box="[601,709,1825,1851]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1974-01-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BE863DD60FD47B010" box="[601,709,1825,1851]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="1974-01-13">13.i.1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE8E9DD63FC15B010" box="[723,919,1825,1852]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">K. & E. Carnaby</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142DF15BE992DD60FC7EB010" box="[936,1020,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,189,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Synemon species, female genitalia. Signum (left), anterior part (middle), posterior part (right). 64. Synemon semaphora sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13052). 65. Synemon petrophila sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13066) (ANIC). 66. Synemon angustiptera sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13046) (ANIC). 67. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13063) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, genitalia slide 13063) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEF28DD60FADFB010" box="[1298,1373,1825,1851]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BEF48DD63FD4FB0A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638386" collectingDate="18. xii. 2004, 19. xii. 2004, 20. xii. 2004, 21. xii. 2004, 22. xii. 2004, 23. xii. 2004, 24. xii. 2004" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="A. A. E. Williams" location="Range" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stirling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
7Ƌ,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F813142DF15BEAADDD04FF69B074" box="[151,235,1861,1887]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8E8B602A142DF15BEAC3DD07FEC3B04B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7142DF15EEAADDF4AFF6BB3ED:8E8B602A142DF15BEAC3DD07FEC3B04B" box="[249,321,1862,1888]" name="Range" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" stateProvince="Stirling">Range</location>
|
||
N.P., 3425.508’S 11756.101’E,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BE8FFDD04FE25B0A8" isEnumeration="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE8FFDD04FCC5B074" box="[709,839,1861,1887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-18">18.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE963DD04FC5EB074" box="[857,988,1861,1887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-19">19.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BE9D7DD04FBEDB074" box="[1005,1135,1861,1887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-20">20.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEEB8DD04FA86B074" box="[1154,1284,1861,1887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-21">21.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEF2CDD04FA15B074" box="[1302,1431,1861,1887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-22">22.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEAADDD28FE9BB0A8" box="[151,281,1897,1923]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-23">23.xii.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEB1FDD28FE25B0A8" box="[293,423,1897,1923]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2004-12-24">24.xii.2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEB8BDD2BFDEEB0A8" box="[433,620,1897,1924]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BE840DD28FD47B0A8" box="[634,709,1897,1923]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC142DF15BE8E2DD2BFE36B08C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638457" collectingDate="2009-12-29" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="Range N. P. & A. A. E. Williams" location="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stirling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
7Ƌ,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F813142DF15BE933DD28FCDFB0A8" box="[777,861,1897,1923]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BE95EDD2BFC61B0AF" box="[868,995,1898,1924]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Range N.P.</collectorName>
|
||
, 3425.508’S 11756.104’E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031142DF15BEF2CDD28FA15B0A8" box="[1302,1431,1897,1923]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2009-12-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D9142DF15BEF2CDD28FA15B0A8" box="[1302,1431,1897,1923]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2009-12-29">29.xii.2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15327142DF15BEAADDDCFFED0B08C" box="[151,338,1933,1960]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">A.A.E. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34142DF15BEB5ADDCCFE29B08C" box="[352,427,1933,1959]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A142DF15BEAFDDDF0FDAAB0C4" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142DF15BEAFDDDF0FDAAB0C4" blockId="33.[151,1436,1501,2032]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BEAFDDDF0FECCB0E0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1969,1995]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species’ name is derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142DF15BE96DDDF3FC39B0E0" box="[855,955,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">cacumen</emphasis>
|
||
(summit, mountain top) and relates to the preference of this species to hilltop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B6679142EF158EAADDED5FDAAB3FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" startId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" targetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142EF158EAADDED5FDAAB3FB" blockId="34.[151,1436,1172,1233]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142EF158EAADDED5FED6B387" bold="true" box="[151,340,1172,1196]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">FIGURES 77–80.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142EF158EB60DED4FD9CB387" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[346,542,1173,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142EF158EB60DED4FD9CB387" box="[346,542,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142EF158E81FDED5FDDCB387" bold="true" box="[549,606,1172,1196]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798142EF158E81FDED5FDDCB387" box="[549,606,1172,1196]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A142EF15EEAFDDEBFFD90B7D2" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142EF158EAFDDEBFFA87B13E" blockId="34.[151,1437,1278,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142EF158EAFDDEBFFE1DB232" bold="true" box="[199,415,1278,1305]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142EF158EB8BDEBFFDBBB232" box="[433,569,1278,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alar expanse
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142EF158E8D7DEBEFCE9B232" box="[749,875,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="40.0">40–42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142EF158EE02DEBEFB34B232" box="[1080,1206,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142EF158EF6CDEBEFF44B216" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head, vertex with black piliform and lamellar scales, frons with pale brownish grey scales, labial palpi short, upturned, not reaching frons, appressed to head, white, haustellum well developed, antenna with long seta on each flagellar annulus, sometimes more, projecting posteriorly, black annulated with white scales, flagellar annuli white beneath, club arising abruptly, black above, white proximally beneath, nudum 11–12 brown on anterior half of club, apiculus narrow. Thorax above black, of mixed piliform and broad lamellar scales, beneath pale orange and white, legs brown to pale orange above, white beneath, epiphysis clothed in short spines, pointed at tip, reaching to about end of foretibia. Abdomen black above, T2–T4 with numerous long grey scales, beneath pale orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142EF158EAFDDC5FFAC2B056" blockId="34.[151,1437,1278,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Forewing costa almost straight, apex sharply rounded, termen rounded, inner margin slightly rounded. Upperside black with markings of white and grey scales; basal third of wing with scattered grey scales, an area of ground colour crosses disc from costa to inner margin forming a prominent black band, a white patch at end of cell large, extending to costa and towards inner margin but in posterior half of wing obscured by grey and some black scales, this band bordered distally by scattered grey scales on black ground colour, a subapical band of white or grey spots from R2 to M3, straight and forming a broad band, an ill-defined area of black with grey scales which define a band of black spots, largest near apex, beyond subapical band, a terminal line black. Cilia black. Underside black with pale orange and white markings; pale orange at base extending half way along cell, a pale orange median band from costa to near inner margin, a broad subapical band from R2 to M3 white with a pale orange border, a submarginal band of discrete white spots between the veins from costa to M3 and a terminal black line. Cilia dark grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142EF159EAFDDDC7FCA7B130" blockId="34.[151,1437,1278,2025]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,1284,2030]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Hindwing termen evenly rounded, tornus rounded. Upperside black with orange and white spots; a small orange spot at distal end of cell, a narrow median band of small orange spots extending from M1 to 1A+2A, those spots between M1 and M3 confluent, a gap of ground colour to CuA1 and a narrow orange band extending from CuA1 and 1A+2A, a submarginal band of two white spots one between M3 and CuA1 the other between CuA2 and 1A+2A, anal area grey and with an ill-defined submarginal orange band. Cilia black, white from Rs to M2 and black at tornus. Underside black with white and orange spots; basal third of wing pale orange mixed with black, a white spot at distal end of cell extending anteriorly to Sc+R1, a median band of white spots bordered distally by orange from apex to 1A+2A, spots between M1 and M3 confluent, spot absent between M3 and CuA1, a submarginal row of minute white spots from Sc+R1 to 1A+2A, those spots between M3 and CuA1 and CuA2 and 1A+2A much larger, a narrow terminal line black, anal area with some pale orange scales with a small white and pale orange tornal spot. Cilia dark grey, white anterior to M3, paler at tornus.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B6679142FF159EAADDEDBFD5BB3FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322434/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" startId="35.[151,250,1178,1202]" targetBox="[166,1425,192,1143]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142FF159EAADDEDBFD5BB3FD" blockId="35.[151,1437,1178,1238]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EAADDEDBFEA2B399" bold="true" box="[151,288,1178,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 81.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142FF159EB1DDEDBFE6EB39A" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[295,492,1178,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EB1DDEDBFE6EB39A" box="[295,492,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EBC9DEDBFDAFB399" bold="true" box="[499,557,1178,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798142FF159EBC9DEDBFDAFB399" box="[499,557,1178,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, paratypes, male genitalia. a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides ANIC 11853, 11854) (ANIC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142FF159EAFDDC65FCA8B181" blockId="35.[151,1437,1284,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EAFDDC65FE9CB115" bold="true" box="[199,286,1572,1598]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142FF159EB14DC65FE36B115" box="[302,436,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Figs 79, 80</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alar expanse
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14142FF159E859DC65FD63B114" box="[611,737,1572,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="47.0">47–48 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Similar to male, larger, termen more rounded, wings slightly broader, coloration similar to male but orange and white bands larger. On the underside, the basal third of both wings is pale orange. On the hindwing, there is a black spot in the middle of the cell and the anal area is broadly orange, the median band is broad, orange and without interruption.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142FF159EAFDDCF5FDC5B0A9" blockId="35.[151,1437,1284,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EAFDDCF5FEF0B1E5" bold="true" box="[199,370,1716,1742]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142FF159EBB8DCF5FE54B1E5" box="[386,470,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1178,1202]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,192,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-19@35.[151,1436,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 81. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratypes, male genitalia. a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides ANIC 11853, 11854) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322434/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus broad, of uniform width, evenly rounded at tip with long setae; gnathos arms shorter than uncus; anal tube sclerotized; tegumen broad, curved, parallel sided; vinculum evenly, strongly, sclerotized; saccus without bifurcated arms; juxta well sclerotized, curved anteriorly; valva elongate, tip truncated into upturned point, sacculus and costa with stout setae, ventral margin almost straight; phallus short, well sclerotized, of even diameter, tip oblique, gently curved, with phallobase large and strongly recurved; ductus ejaculatorius much longer than phallus, with several coils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142FF15EEAFDDDCDFD90B7D2" blockId="35.[151,1437,1284,2030]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142FF159EAFDDDCDFE0EB08D" bold="true" box="[199,396,1932,1958]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74142FF159EBA0DDCDFE6CB08C" box="[410,494,1932,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,189,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Synemon species, female genitalia. Signum (left), anterior part (middle), posterior part (right). 64. Synemon semaphora sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13052). 65. Synemon petrophila sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13066) (ANIC). 66. Synemon angustiptera sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13046) (ANIC). 67. Synemon cacumina sp. n., paratype (genitalia slide 13063) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322426/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales short pointed sclerotized; ovipositor long, narrow, extensible, sclerotized, with numerous stout dorsal and lateral spines towards tip; apophyses long, heavily sclerotized, apophyses anteriores about half the length of apophyses posteriores which extend from the tip of the papillae; sinus vaginalis with two short lateral sacs; ostium bursae at posterior edge of S7; ductus seminalis from near ostium; ductus bursae with numerous spicules and one coil; corpus bursae large, approximately spherical, membrane rugose, with two well developed paired scobinate signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAFDDB43FB43B686" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDDB43FB43B686" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDB43FEC0B637" bold="true" box="[199,322,258,284]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEB7DDB42FD9DB637" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[327,543,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEB7DDB42FD9DB637" box="[327,543,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE81EDB42FDE0B636" bold="true" box="[548,610,259,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981428F15EE81EDB42FDE0B636" box="[548,610,259,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is easily recognised by the narrow bands on the upperside of the hindwing. The median band is orange while the submarginal band consists of two white spots. The forewing above is also distinct with the white discal spot at the end of the cell greatly enlarged and extended into a band nearly crossing the wing. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEB65DB2EFE31B6A3" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1911" box="[351,435,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEB65DB2EFE31B6A3" box="[351,435,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">S. maja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can sometimes have a similar band but the hindwings are very different. The shape of the forewing also differs from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEBD4DBD2FDFFB686" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[494,637,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEBD4DBD2FDFFB686" box="[494,637,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">S. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of species which have a more rounded costa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAFDDBF7FF55B6DE" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDDBF7FF55B6DE" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDBF7FEBDB6FB" bold="true" box="[199,319,438,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
There is variation in size and in the width of the orange median band on the upperside of the hindwing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAFDDBBFFD1BB356" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDDBBFFD34B582" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDBBFFEE3B533" bold="true" box="[199,353,510,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEB52DBBEFDC3B533" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[360,577,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEB52DBBEFDC3B533" box="[360,577,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE873DBBEFD0BB532" bold="true" box="[585,649,511,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981428F15EE873DBBEFD0BB532" box="[585,649,511,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been recorded at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131428F15EE944DBBEFC50B532" box="[894,978,511,537]" country="United Kingdom" name="Stirling" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Stirling</collectingRegion>
|
||
Range National Park in the west, east to West Mount Barren in Fitzgerald River National Park,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EE932D862FCD3B516" box="[776,849,547,573]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Ravensthorpe, Mount Ragged and The Diamonds Hill in Cape Arid National Park, and the area round Israelite Bay. A photographic record from the Porongurup (1Ƌ, Porongurup, Plantagenet, Twin Creek Conservation Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EE985D82AFBB3B5AE" box="[959,1073,619,645]" degrees="34.62339" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="-34.62339">-34.62339</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEE00D82AFB43B5AE" box="[1082,1217,619,645]" degrees="117.892787" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="117.892784">117.892787</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEEF4D82AFAD2B5AE" box="[1230,1360,619,645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2017-12-27">27.xii.2017</date>
|
||
, Steve Dew, iNaturalist,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEB66D8CEFE2FB582" box="[348,429,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
) requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDD8F3FD1BB356" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDD8F3FE3BB5E7" bold="true" box="[199,441,690,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Habitat and Biology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEBF2D8F2FDC3B5E6" box="[456,577,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig 92, 93</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species has been recorded between 10 December and 28 January. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF88531428F15EEAADD896FF45B5DA" box="[151,199,727,753]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is above the escarpment near Sheoaks Hill, along the road from Israelite Bay to Mount Ragged in Cape Arid National Park. It generally favours mixed mallee and heathland, and has been observed visiting flowers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEF55D8BAFF35B412" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larval food plant is unknown.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EE87DD95EFC9DB413" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[583,799,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE87DD95EFC9DB413" box="[583,799,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE91FD95EFCE6B412" bold="true" box="[805,868,799,825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981428F15EE91FD95EFCE6B412" box="[805,868,799,825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only sun-moth species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34376611428F15EEEF9D95EFAAFB412" box="[1219,1325,799,825]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, currently known to exhibit classic hill-topping behaviour. Males may be located at the summits of prominent hills, where they often fly together with hill-topping butterflies. At Stirling Range National Park males hill-top at the summit of the look-out hill on Redgum Pass Road, at Fitzgerald River National Park at the summit of West Mount Barren, and at Cape Arid National Park at the summit of The Diamonds Hill (Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE9F8D9EEFC71B4E2" box="[962,1011,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016). This species can be numerous on hilltops in the aftermath of fire. The male sun-moths fly in sunny conditions, periodically settling on prominent shrubs at the tops of the hills. Females are rarely seen. Hill-topping behaviour has been also reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEF0DD9B6FDC7B31E" authority="R. Felder 1874" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jcaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEF0DD9B6FF58B31F" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon jcaria</emphasis>
|
||
R.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B001428F15EEB39DE5AFE08B31E" author="Felder, R. & In & Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F." box="[259,394,1051,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refId="ref32923" refString="Felder, R. (1874) In: Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F., 1874 - 75. Lepidoptera. Heft IV. V. Atlas der Heterocera Sphingida-Noctuida. Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Kaiserlich-K, Wien, pp. i-vi + 1 - 10 + 1 - 20, 140 pls." type="journal volume" year="1874">Felder 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B001428F15EEBA0DE5AFDBCB31E" author="Douglas, F." box="[410,574,1051,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refId="ref32693" refString="Douglas, F. (2008) The sun-moths (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of Victoria, with a detailed study of the pale sun-moth (Synemon selene Klug, 1850). Master of Applied Science Thesis. University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Victoria, 323 pp." type="book" year="2008">Douglas 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EE8FCDE5AFBCEB31E" authority="Westwood 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[710,1100,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE8FCDE5AFC12B31F" box="[710,912,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon gratiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B001428F15EE9ADDE5AFBCEB31E" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[919,1100,1051,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref34699" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous Genus Castnia and some Allied Groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 1, 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often occupies sandy hilltops and dune ridges (Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEBF2DE7EFE78B372" box="[456,506,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016). But with both species, their host food-plants are always present on the occupied hilltops, and the males hold territories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAFDDEC6FF6BB3ED" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDDEC6FF6BB3ED" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1222]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDEC6FEB9B38A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1185]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EE848DEC6FD55B38A" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[626,727,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE848DEC6FD55B38A" box="[626,727,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ‘Mount Ragged’, the Hilltop Sun-moth by Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEF58DEC6FA17B38A" box="[1378,1429,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |