789 lines
108 KiB
XML
789 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="7AE2C3A8A090C6E7A5CF361E25EDF5D0" ID-CLB-Dataset="9275" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="32b41697-bcad-4325-b0b9-e50ea0eef03c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322394" ID-ZooBank="C17AFF30-1035-4A81-8C4F-C33A430A7712" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608024136281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel, Edwards, Edward D. & Williams, Andrew A. E." docDate="2020" docId="03FD87E7140EF17EEAADDAD6FC3FB091" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synemon sophia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="FFC4FF9F140CF17AEA3ADA41FF82B72B" masterDocTitle="New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1698847567355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="03795F6F792751749F82F8E2A3C81640">New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B76472F32EC341696C77F35F632DCDCA">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB6A6D3C1E5B848013C19C253ABA7D46">University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, 3000 Victoria, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E2A484470C9DEA58204F757D57714502">Edwards, Edward D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE19281CB8A4414443AE2F777FC00032">CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="84159B9E9AAA6EAD99736D698A7878DF">Williams, Andrew A. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A631B0C7C7080F8249F50C01513444C5">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Woodvale Research Centre, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia. Andy. williams @ dbca. wa. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2777 - 4116</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="53FCA398375A5D0419EC509A84E7784B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CDE26ED6631CF9FCD6936E53EBFE123">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FD87E7140EF17EEAADDAD6FC3FB091" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176092678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E7140EF17EEAADDAD6FC3FB091" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E7140EF17EEAADDAD6FC3FB091" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<subSubSection id="C34E657A140EF178EAADDAD6FEDDB7FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADDAD6FD8DB79A" blockId="2.[151,527,151,250]" box="[151,527,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<heading id="D0A3819D140EF178EAADDAD6FD8DB79A" bold="true" box="[151,527,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EAADDAD6FD8DB79A" ID-CoL="53W88" authority="(White, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,527,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAADDAD6FD8DB79A" bold="true" box="[151,527,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAADDAD6FEDDB799" bold="true" box="[151,351,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB54DAD6FD85B79A" author="White, A." box="[366,519,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="450 - 482" refId="ref34761" refString="White, A. (1841) Notes on some Insects from King George's Sound, Collected and Presented by Captain George Grey. In: Grey, G. (Ed.), Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-west and Western Australia, during the Years 1837, 38, and 39, under the Authorship of Her Majesty's Government. Describing Many Newly Discovered, Important, and Fertile Districts, with Observations on the Moral and Physical Condition of the Aboriginal Inhabitants, & c & c. Vol 2. Appendix. T. and W. Boone, London, pp. 450 - 482, frontispiece, 2 maps. [Also published in facsimile edition: Expeditions in Western Australia 1837 - 1839 (1983, 1984). Hesperian Press, Victoria Park]" type="book chapter" year="1841">White, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADDAFAFEDDB7FE" blockId="2.[151,527,151,250]" box="[151,351,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<heading id="D0A3819D140EF178EAADDAFAFEDDB7FE" bold="true" box="[151,351,187,213]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAADDAFAFEDDB7FE" bold="true" box="[151,351,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Flame Sun-moth</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E657A140EF178EAADDA9EFA98B5FB" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADDA9EFE10B7D1" blockId="2.[151,527,151,250]" box="[151,402,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EAADDA9EFF5EB7D2" box="[151,220,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,594,618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,571]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,571]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. 1. Synemon sophia, lectotype, male (NHMUK). 2. Synemon parthenoides, lectotype, female (NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322396/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EAD0DA9EFE95B7D2" box="[234,279,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">3–6</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EB18DA9EFEE9B7D2" box="[290,363,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">19, 20</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EB4CDA9EFE10B7D1" box="[374,402,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–42" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[225,1362,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 35–42. Habitat and live specimens of Synemon species. 35. Habitat of Synemon sophia, Walpole. 36. Habitat of Synemon crocea sp. n., Bullsbrook Nature Reserve. 37. Synemon crocea sp. n., larval food-plant Lyginia imberbis, Melaleuca Park Conservation Area. 38–40. Synemon catocaloides, 46 km north-east of Wubin, resting (38), laying eggs at base of its host plant Ecdeiocolea monostachya (39), mating pair (40). 41, 42. Synemon crocea sp. n., Wandena Road, resting posture during cloud cover (41), alert posture in sunshine (42)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322414/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">35</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADDB65FD73B610" blockId="2.[151,753,292,316]" box="[151,753,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EAADDB65FD83B617" authority="White, In Grey, G." authorityName="White, In Grey, G." box="[151,513,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
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<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAADDB65FEBCB617" box="[151,318,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Hesperia sophia</emphasis>
|
||
White,
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EBB5DB65FE26B610" box="[399,420,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">In</emphasis>
|
||
Grey, G.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ed.). 1841: 474, fig. 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADDB27FA98B5FB" blockId="2.[151,1437,358,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Literature:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB3DDB27FE61B655" author="Doubleday, E." box="[263,483,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1837 - 38" refId="ref32516" refString="Doubleday, E. (1846) Descriptions of some New or Imperfectly Characterized Lepidoptera from Australia. In: Stokes, J. L., Discoveries in Australia; with an Account of the Coasts and Rivers Explored and Surveyed during the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, in the Years 1837 - 38 - 39 - 40 - 41 - 42 - 43 by Command of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Also a Narrative of Captain Owen Stanley's Visits to the Islands in the Arafura Sea. Vol. 1. Appendix. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 513 - 520, pl. 3." type="journal article" year="1846">Doubleday 1846: 516</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3, fig. 5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E85FDB27FC86B655" author="Klug" box="[613,772,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref33816" refString="Klug, [J. C. F.] (1850) Uber die Lepidopteren-Gattung Synemon. Nebst einem Nachtrage uber Castniae. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1848, 245 - 257, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1850">Klug 1850: 248</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 1, 2 (part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE5EDB26FA82B655" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[1124,1280,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE5EDB26FA82B655" box="[1124,1280,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EF2FDB27FF61B6B6" author="Walker, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref34637" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Lepidoptera Heterocera, 1, 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="1854">Walker 1854: 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EAD7DBC4FE30B6B6" author="Walker, F." box="[237,434,389,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref34668" refString="Walker, F. (1856) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Lepidoptera Heterocera, 7, 1509 - 1808." type="journal article" year="1856">Walker 1856: 1583</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB81DBC4FDF2B6B6" author="Boisduval, J. - A." box="[443,624,389,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="11" refId="ref32078" refString="Boisduval, J. - A. (1875) Sphingides, Sesiides, Castniides. In: Boisduval, J. - A. & Guenee, A. (Eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres Heteroceres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 568, 11 pls." type="book chapter" year="1875">Boisduval [1875]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 550;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E896DBC4FCD4B6B6" author="Stretch, R. H." box="[684,854,389,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref34420" refString="Stretch, R. H. (1875) Remarks on the Synonymy of the Atlas of the Heterocera Sphingida and Noctuida, Published as a Portion of the Results of the Voyage of the Frigate Novara, November, 1874. Cistula Entomologica, 2, 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1875">Stretch 1875: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E95ADBC4FC71B6B6" author="Butler, A. G." box="[864,1011,389,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref32226" refString="Butler, A. G. (1877) Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Pt. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiii + 62 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1877">Butler 1877: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3, fig. 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EE40DBC4FAD0B6B6" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1146,1362,389,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref34699" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous Genus Castnia and some Allied Groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 1, 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood 1877: 194</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 33, fig. 14a–h (part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E801DBE5FCFEB697" authority="Meyrick, 1891" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[571,892,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E801DBE5FD5EB697" box="[571,732,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
Meyrick, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9B5DBE5FBB8B690" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[911,1082,419,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref33721" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1885) Elementary Text-book of Entomology. W. Swan Sonnenschein and Co., London, 240 pp., 87 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29217" type="book" year="1885">Kirby 1885: 169</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EE7FDBE5FB63B690" author="Guest, E." box="[1093,1249,419,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="60 - 62" refId="ref33270" refString="Guest, E. (1886) Remarks on the Nomenclature of some of the South Australian Butterflies with Observations. Transactions, Proceedings and Report, Royal Society of South Australia. Adelaide, 8, 60 - 62." type="journal article" year="1886">Guest 1886: 62</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EAD8DB82FEFDB6F1" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[226,383,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAD8DB82FEFDB6F1" box="[226,383,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EBAFDB82FDBBB6F1" author="Tepper, J. G. O." box="[405,569,450,474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref34515" refString="Tepper, J. G. O. (1890) Common Native Insects of South Australia. A Popular Guide to South Australian Entomology. Part II. Lepidoptera, or Butterflies and Moths. E. S. Wigg & Son, Adelaide, iv + 65 pp." type="book" year="1890">Tepper 1890: 16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E92FDB82FC30B6F1" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[789,946,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E92FDB82FC30B6F1" box="[789,946,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9F2DB83FBE0B6F1" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[968,1122,450,474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref33766" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1892) A Synonymic Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera. (Moths). 1 Sphinges and Bombyces. Gurney & Jackson, London, xii + 951 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9152" type="book" year="1892">Kirby 1892: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EF51DB82FEADB6D2" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EF51DB82FEADB6D2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB7FDBA0FE65B6D2" author="Lower, O. B." box="[325,487,481,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="10 - 15" refId="ref33903" refString="Lower, O. B. (1892) Scientific Results of the Elder Exploring Expedition. Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 16, 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1892">Lower 1892: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E8F9DBA0FCC7B6D2" authority="Kallies & Edwards & Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards & Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[707,837,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E8F9DBA0FCC7B6D2" box="[707,837,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E971DBA0FC06B6D2" bold="true" box="[843,900,481,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798140EF178E971DBA0FC06B6D2" box="[843,900,481,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9A0DBA0FBB9B6D2" author="Lower, O. B." box="[922,1083,481,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="12 - 15" refId="ref33937" refString="Lower, O. B. (1893) A Catalogue of Victorian Heterocera. Part 1. The Victorian Naturalist, 10, 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1893">Lower 1893: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EF22DBA0FF6BB533" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EF22DBA0FF6BB533" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EAC4D841FE2EB53C" author="Aflalo, F. G." box="[254,428,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref32029" refString="Aflalo, F. G. (1896) A Sketch of the Natural History of Australia with some Notes on Sport. Macmillan & Co., London, xxv + 307 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69508" type="book" year="1896">Aflalo 1896: 262</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E8B0D841FCAAB533" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[650,808,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E8B0D841FCAAB533" box="[650,808,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Kirby 1897: 39;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9D2D841FB29B533" author="Froggatt, W. W." box="[1000,1195,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref33098" refString="Froggatt, W. W. (1907) Australian Insects. William Brooks & Co., Sydney, xiv + 449 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1907">Froggatt 1907: 232</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EFB3D841FECCB51D" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EFB3D841FECCB51D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB5FD85FFD87B51D" author="Strand, E." box="[357,517,542,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref34338" refString="Strand, E. (1911 a) Castniidae In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 10. Bombyces and Sphinges of the Indo- Australian Region. 2 Vols. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 4, pls. 1 + 9." type="book chapter" year="1911">Strand 1911a: 1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E92AD85EFC2FB51D" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[784,941,542,566]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E92AD85EFC2FB51D" box="[784,941,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9F9D85FFBFCB51D" author="Strand, E." box="[963,1150,542,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="137 - 158" refId="ref34396" refString="Strand, E. (1911 b) Die Indisch-australischen Castniiden. Archiv f ʾ r Naturgeschichte, 77, 137 - 158." type="journal article" year="1911">Strand 1911b: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EFB3D85EFEC9B57E" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EFB3D85EFEC9B57E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB58D87CFDB5B57E" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" box="[354,567,573,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref32486" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von (1913) Castniidae: Subfam. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 15, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1913">Dalla Torre 1913: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(part misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E97FD87CFC66B57E" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[837,996,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E97FD87CFC66B57E" box="[837,996,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE2DD87CFB3BB57E" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1047,1209,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE2DD87CFB3BB57E" box="[1047,1209,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EEEAD87CFA1EB57E" author="Common, I. F. B." box="[1232,1436,573,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="765 - 866" refId="ref32272" refString="Common, I. F. B. (1970) Lepidoptera (Moths and butterflies). In: Mackerras, I. M. (Ed.), Insects of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 765 - 866, pls. 7 + 8." type="journal article" year="1970">Common 1970: 828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EBA5D81DFDBFB55F" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[415,573,604,628]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EBA5D81DFDBFB55F" box="[415,573,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E869D81DFC7DB55F" author="Laithwaite, E. & Watson, A. & Whalley, P. E. S." box="[595,1023,603,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref33858" refString="Laithwaite, E., Watson, A. & Whalley, P. E. S. (1975) The Dictionary of Butterflies and Moths in Colour. Michael Joseph, Lon- don, xlvi + 296 pp., 405 pls." type="book" year="1975">Laithwaite, Watson & Whalley 1975: 284</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 45 (misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EF19D81DFF7AB5B9" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EF19D81DFF7AB5B9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB2AD83BFDD9B5B9" author="Common, I. F. B. & Edwards, E. D." box="[272,603,634,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="295 - 302" refId="ref32401" refString="Common, I. F. B. & Edwards, E. D. (1981) The Life History and Early Stages of Synemon magnifica Strand (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 20, 295 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1981. tb 01050. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Common & Edwards 1981: 295</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E905D83AFC5CB5B9" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[831,990,634,658]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E905D83AFC5CB5B9" box="[831,990,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9CFD83BFA85B5B9" author="Fletcher, D. S. & Nye, I. W. B." box="[1013,1287,634,659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref33005" refString="Fletcher, D. S. & Nye, I. W. B. (1982) Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea. In: Nye, I. W. B. (Ed.), The generic names of moths of the world. Vol. 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. i-xiv + 1 - 192, frontispiece. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119597" type="book chapter" year="1982">Fletcher & Nye 1982: 157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EF29D83BFEF2B59A" author="McQuillan, P. B. & Forrest, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref33994" refString="McQuillan, P. B. & Forrest, J. A. (1985) A Guide to Common Moths of the Adelaide Region. v + 52 pp. Special Educational Bulletin Series, South Australian Museum, Adelaide." type="book" year="1985">McQuillan & Forrest 1985: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. C14 (misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E891D8D8FCCAB59A" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[683,840,665,689]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E891D8D8FCCAB59A" box="[683,840,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E965D8D8FBC2B59A" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[863,1088,665,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" refId="ref34036" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Moth Subfamily Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). PhD Thesis. UMI Dissertation Information Service, University of Florida, Ann Arbor, 569 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986: 489–494</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 208, 210–211 (misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EB2AD8F9FE2CB5FB" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[272,430,696,720]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EB2AD8F9FE2CB5FB" box="[272,430,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EBFED8F9FD0EB5FB" author="Edwards, E. D." box="[452,652,695,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="138" refId="ref32743" refString="Edwards, E. D. (1996) Castniidae. In: Nielsen, E. S., Edwards, E. D. & Rangsi, T. V. (Eds.), Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 138." type="book chapter" year="1996">Edwards 1996: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E8ACD8F9FCDCB5FB" author="Edwards, E. D." box="[662,862,696,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref32797" refString="Edwards, E. D. (1997) Castniidae and the Republic. ANIC News, 11, 8 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.22498 / pages. 5.1.11 b" type="journal article" year="1997">Edwards 1997: 8–9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E9F0D8F9FC7CB5FB" box="[970,1022,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 101–102, figs 10, 11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A140EF178EAADD8B8FB9CB0F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAADD8B8FE99B4EC" blockId="2.[151,1437,760,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAADD8B8FDC3B438" bold="true" box="[151,577,760,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Type material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853140EF178EBF8D8B8FDBFB438" box="[450,573,761,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ƌ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178E850D8B9FD29B438" box="[618,683,760,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,594,618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,571]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,571]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. 1. Synemon sophia, lectotype, male (NHMUK). 2. Synemon parthenoides, lectotype, female (NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322396/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, here designated), ‘1652a’ (and on reverse) ‘16 12 40 316’ (numbers in circle on round label, some of the numbers crossed out but the specimen, interpreted from the register, accessed on 16 December, 1840, accession number 316,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E89CD900FB92B470" authority="Pres. By Captain Grey" box="[678,1040,832,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E89CD900FC8FB471" box="[678,781,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
Pres. By Captain Grey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE1DD900FB5FB471" baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1063,1245,832,859]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE1DD900FB5FB471" box="[1063,1245,832,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ ‘Specimen photog for CHECKLIST AUST LEP Film 109/13’ (antennae missing) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E9A6D924FB8FB454" box="[924,1037,869,895]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE1BD924FB4DB454" bold="true" box="[1057,1231,869,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853140EF178EE1BD924FB48B454" box="[1057,1226,869,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EEE2D924FB79B454" box="[1240,1275,869,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ‘1652b’ (and on reverse) ’16 12 40 317’ (also partly crossed out, the register gives the same data) ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE53D9C9FB36B489" baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1129,1204,904,930]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE53D9C9FB36B489" box="[1129,1204,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (abdomen missing) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EAA5D9ECFE92B4EC" box="[159,272,941,967]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAFDD991FC20B164" blockId="2.[151,1437,760,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAFDD991FDABB4C1" bold="true" box="[199,553,976,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
1Ƌ ‘Zell[er]. Coll[ection] 1884’ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E9ABD990FB82B4C0" box="[913,1024,977,1003]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ ‘Zell[er]. Coll[ection] 1884,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EF51D990FE1EB324" authority="Klug Mon." authorityName="Klug Mon." class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EF51D990FE9CB325" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon selene</emphasis>
|
||
Klug Mon.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
p. 249, f. 3, 4. Austral[ia] 1870’ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E93FD9B4FCF6B324" box="[773,884,1013,1039]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E9BCD9B4FC2BB324" box="[902,937,1013,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E982D9B4FB31B325" authority="White" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[952,1203,1012,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E982D9B4FBE8B325" box="[952,1130,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
White
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Australia’ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EF0BD9B4FA12B324" box="[1329,1424,1013,1039]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6adq-425v" name="University of Sydney, Macleay Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2Ƌ ‘K[ing]. G[eorge]. S[ound]. K 7688’ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E864DE58FD1DB318" box="[606,671,1049,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E888DE58FD57B318" box="[690,725,1049,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘K[ing]. G[eorge]. S[ound].,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE22DE58FE9CB37D" authority="Feld." authorityName="Feld." class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sophia" subSpecies="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE22DE58FB49B319" box="[1048,1227,1048,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
White ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EF71DE59FF5DB37D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
Feld.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EB15DE7DFEFCB37C" box="[303,382,1084,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EBBDDE7DFE78B37D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[391,506,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
slide No 3,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E84DDE7CFD35B37C" box="[631,695,1085,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ ‘Wilsons Inlet S.W.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437661140EF178E9FFDE7DFBABB37D" box="[965,1065,1084,1110]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
11 Nov. [19]12 [F.B.L. Whitlock], G.M. Goldfinch Collection’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EBE8DE21FDCAB351" box="[466,584,1120,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 19a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E869DE21FD44B351" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[595,710,1120,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
slide No 2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E97FDE20FC07B350" box="[837,901,1121,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E9FCDE20FC6BB350" box="[966,1001,1121,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘Victoria’ (mislabelled!) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EF38DE20FAE3B350" box="[1282,1377,1121,1147]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6adq-425v" name="University of Sydney, Macleay Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ, Crystal Springs,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140EF178EB76DEC4FEFFB3B5" box="[332,381,1156,1183]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="mi" value="7.0">7 mi</quantity>
|
||
W Walpole,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E832DEC5FD05B3B5" box="[520,647,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1970-12-14">14.xii.1970</date>
|
||
, G.A. Holloway & H. Hughes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178E9E6DEC5FBD0B3B4" box="[988,1106,1156,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 19b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE67DEC5FB52B3B5" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[1117,1232,1156,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
slide No 1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EF6ADEC4FA12B3B4" box="[1360,1424,1157,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EAF3DEE8FF6EB3E8" box="[201,236,1193,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036140EF178EAC1DEE9FEC5B3E8" box="[251,327,1192,1219]" degrees="34.58" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="555" value="-34.58">34.58S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036140EF178EB6ADEE9FE29B3E8" box="[336,427,1192,1219]" degrees="117.55" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="555" value="117.55">117.55E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Hooper Rd, Albany,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E8A1DEE9FC90B3E9" box="[667,786,1192,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1996-11-26">26.xi.1996</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E925DEE9FC14B3E9" box="[799,918,1192,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1996-11-28">28.xi.1996</date>
|
||
, E.D. Edwards (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EE74DEE8FB15B3E8" box="[1102,1175,1193,1219]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); 15Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EED1DEE8FA8CB3E8" box="[1259,1294,1193,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3457’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036140EF178EF67DEE9FA1EB3E8" box="[1373,1436,1192,1219]" degrees="19.5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="-19.5">
|
||
19.5
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EFB4DEE9FA1EB3E8" box="[1422,1436,1192,1219]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11636" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S</accessionNumber>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
11636’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036140EF178EADEDE8DFEA5B3CC" box="[228,295,1228,1255]" degrees="15.9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="15.9">15.9E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140EF178EB0EDE8DFEFBB3CC" box="[308,377,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5km</quantity>
|
||
N of Crystal Springs,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E842DE8DFD6FB3CD" box="[632,749,1228,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-17">17.xi.2010</date>
|
||
(2Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E90ADE8CFCD3B3CC" box="[816,849,1229,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E951DE8DFC62B3CD" box="[875,992,1228,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-18">18.xi.2010</date>
|
||
(9Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EE19DE8CFBC7B3CC" box="[1059,1093,1229,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EE64DE8DFB50B3CD" box="[1118,1234,1228,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-24">24.xi.2010</date>
|
||
(4Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EF2CDE8CFAB5B3CC" box="[1302,1335,1229,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), A.A.E. Williams (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EB30DEB0FED0B220" box="[266,338,1265,1291]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EB64DEB0FE21B220" box="[350,419,1265,1291]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178EB80DEB1FDA2B220" box="[442,544,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E853DEB0FD0EB220" box="[617,652,1265,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, D’Entrecasteaux N.P., NE of Walpole, Junction South Western High-way and Railway Parade,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EB8EDF55FDB8B205" box="[436,570,1300,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2007-11-02" valueMax="2007-11-04" valueMin="2007-11-02">2–4.xi.2007</date>
|
||
, D.J. Hilton (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E8F6DF54FC91B204" box="[716,787,1301,1327]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E924DF54FCD9B204" box="[798,859,1301,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">CAK</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E95CDF54FC20B204" box="[870,930,1301,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">CDH</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140EF178E982DF55FB98B204" box="[952,1050,1300,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); 11Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EE56DF54FB0DB204" box="[1132,1167,1301,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140EF178EEA6DF54FB6AB205" box="[1180,1256,1300,1327]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="km" value="2.1">2.1 km</quantity>
|
||
north of Crystal Springs, 3457’35.7”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EB4DDF79FE54B278" box="[375,470,1336,1363]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11635" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11635</accessionNumber>
|
||
’59.7”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E80DDF79FD2AB279" box="[567,680,1336,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2009-12-03">3.xii.2009</date>
|
||
, T. Gamblin (1Ƌ),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E944DF79FC74B279" box="[894,1014,1336,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-16">16.xi.2010</date>
|
||
, T. Gamblin (2Ƌ),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EEF7DF79FAC6B279" box="[1229,1348,1336,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-17">17.xi.2010</date>
|
||
, A.A.E. Williams (4Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EB00DF1CFEDFB25C" box="[314,349,1373,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EB49DF1DFE68B25D" box="[371,490,1372,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-19">19.xi.2010</date>
|
||
, T. Gamblin (2Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E88BDF1CFD50B25C" box="[689,722,1373,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E8D0DF1DFCE0B25D" box="[746,866,1372,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2010-11-24">24.xi.2010</date>
|
||
, A.A.E. Williams (1Ƌ), 3457’34.4”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EEDDDF1DFAC6B25D" box="[1255,1348,1372,1399]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11636" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11636</accessionNumber>
|
||
’00.7”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EAADDFC1FE8CB2B1" box="[151,270,1408,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-10">10.xi.2017</date>
|
||
, A.A.E. Williams (1Ƌ) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E824DFC0FDEAB2B0" box="[542,616,1409,1435]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 6Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E897DFC0FD52B2B0" box="[685,720,1409,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140EF178E8E4DFC0FCA7B2B1" box="[734,805,1408,1435]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Northcliffe, 3442’36.8”S, 11605’37.2”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EF14DFC1FA1AB2B1" box="[1326,1432,1408,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
, A.A.E. Williams (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178EB64DFE4FE2AB294" box="[350,424,1445,1471]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 11Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EBC3DFE4FD9EB294" box="[505,540,1445,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, D’Entrecasteaux N.P., 3442’55.2”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178E99BDFE5FC7DB294" box="[929,1023,1444,1471]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11605" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11605</accessionNumber>
|
||
’34.8”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EE65DFE5FB44B295" box="[1119,1222,1444,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
(3Ƌ), 3442’56.8”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EFB4DFE5FF62B2C8" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11605" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11605</accessionNumber>
|
||
’15.4”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EB7ADF89FE25B2C9" box="[320,423,1480,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
(2Ƌ), 3444’43”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178E866DF88FD39B2C8" box="[604,699,1480,1507]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11605" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11605</accessionNumber>
|
||
’05”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E93CDF89FCEFB2C9" box="[774,877,1480,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
(5Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178E98ADF88FC53B2C8" box="[944,977,1481,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), 13443’58.7”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EE4CDF89FB51B2C8" box="[1142,1235,1480,1507]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11605" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11605</accessionNumber>
|
||
’09.0”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178EF0FDF89FA1EB2C9" box="[1333,1436,1480,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EA98DFACFF40B12C" box="[162,194,1517,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), 3443’25.5”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EB62DFADFE3AB12D" box="[344,440,1516,1543]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11604" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11604</accessionNumber>
|
||
’19.2”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E822DFADFD02B12D" box="[536,640,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-09">9.xi.2017</date>
|
||
(1Ƌ), A.A.E. Williams (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E9AEDFACFC5CB12C" box="[916,990,1517,1543]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EE1EDFACFBC5B12C" box="[1060,1095,1517,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, D’Entrecasteaux N.P., Windy Harbour Road, 3443’58.7”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EBFADC51FD9FB100" box="[448,541,1552,1579]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11605" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S 11605</accessionNumber>
|
||
’09.0”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E844DC51FD74B101" box="[638,758,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-23">23.xi.2017</date>
|
||
, A.A.E. Williams (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E9FDDC50FB93B100" box="[967,1041,1553,1579]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD78140EF178EE1FDC50FBC5B100" box="[1061,1095,1553,1579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, D’Entrecasteau N.P., Gardner River, 3446’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE605036140EF178EB1ADC75FEE2B165" box="[288,352,1588,1614]" degrees="41.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="-41.1">
|
||
41.1
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9407AB12140EF178EB68DC75FEE2B165" box="[338,352,1588,1614]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S11610" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="EnaNcbi">S</accessionNumber>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
11610’43.2”E,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1031140EF178E837DC75FD07B165" box="[525,645,1588,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2017-11-23">23.xi.2017</date>
|
||
, A.A.E.Williams (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE34140EF178E976DC74FC14B164" box="[844,918,1589,1615]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAFDDC37FE43B06B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1654,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EAFDDC37FE02B1BB" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[199,384,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAFDDC37FE02B1BB" box="[199,384,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the type species of the genus. It was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E9D8DC37FBF8B1BB" author="White, A." box="[994,1146,1654,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="450 - 482" refId="ref34761" refString="White, A. (1841) Notes on some Insects from King George's Sound, Collected and Presented by Captain George Grey. In: Grey, G. (Ed.), Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-west and Western Australia, during the Years 1837, 38, and 39, under the Authorship of Her Majesty's Government. Describing Many Newly Discovered, Important, and Fertile Districts, with Observations on the Moral and Physical Condition of the Aboriginal Inhabitants, & c & c. Vol 2. Appendix. T. and W. Boone, London, pp. 450 - 482, frontispiece, 2 maps. [Also published in facsimile edition: Expeditions in Western Australia 1837 - 1839 (1983, 1984). Hesperian Press, Victoria Park]" type="book chapter" year="1841">White (1841)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who gave the type locality as ‘King George’s Sound’ and the collector as Captain George Grey. Captain Grey spent the latter part of 1839 and early 1840 at Albany (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178EB85DCF1FDE7B1E0" author="Edwards, E. D." box="[447,613,1712,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref32797" refString="Edwards, E. D. (1997) Castniidae and the Republic. ANIC News, 11, 8 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.22498 / pages. 5.1.11 b" type="journal article" year="1997">Edwards 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a town in south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437661140EF178E9B0DCF1FC73B1E1" box="[906,1009,1712,1738]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
beside Princess Royal Harbour which opens into King George Sound. White did not indicate the number of specimens on which his description was based but the register of the NHMUK lists only these two specimens above accessed under ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE6BDCADFB3AB02E" box="[1105,1208,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE6BDCADFB3AB02E" box="[1105,1208,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from Captain Grey. As it is possible, however, that other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853140EF178E803DD48FD19B008" box="[569,667,1801,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
exist that belong to different taxa, we here designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853140EF178EF22DD49FAFDB009" box="[1304,1407,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to assure taxonomic stability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140EF178EAFDDD02FB9CB0F2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1654,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EAFDDD02FEFCB076" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[199,382,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EAFDDD02FEFCB076" box="[199,382,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has had a confusing history. In almost all studies published after the original description, other species, most notably specimens close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E85CDD20FC22B050" authority="Meyrick, 1891" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[614,928,1888,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E85CDD20FD77B051" box="[614,757,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
Meyrick, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178E9ECDD20FB06B051" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[982,1156,1888,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178E9ECDD20FB06B051" box="[982,1156,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EFBDDD20FF60B0B3" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EFBDDD20FF60B0B3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This was only rectified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E823DD3FFD44B0B3" author="Edwards, E. D." box="[537,710,1918,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="138" refId="ref32743" refString="Edwards, E. D. (1996) Castniidae. In: Nielsen, E. S., Edwards, E. D. & Rangsi, T. V. (Eds.), Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 138." type="book chapter" year="1996">Edwards (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B00140EF178E8EBDD3FFC8FB0B3" author="Edwards, E. D." box="[721,781,1918,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref32797" refString="Edwards, E. D. (1997) Castniidae and the Republic. ANIC News, 11, 8 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.22498 / pages. 5.1.11 b" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), who studied the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8853140EF178E9E2DD3FFB8AB0B3" box="[984,1032,1918,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EE92DD3FFA8DB0B3" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[1192,1295,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE92DD3FFA8DB0B3" box="[1192,1295,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and came to the conclusion that this name had been misused in most publications. Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EE25DDDDFBD0B09E" box="[1055,1106,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016) correctly applied the name, figured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140EF178EB00DDFEFE23B0F2" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[314,417,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140EF178EB00DDFEFE23B0F2" box="[314,417,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time and applied the name Flame Sun-moth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B6679140FF179EAADD813FAE1B540" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322396" box="[151,1379,594,619]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" startId="3.[151,264,594,618]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,571]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF179EAADD813FAE1B540" blockId="3.[151,1379,594,619]" box="[151,1379,594,619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179EAADD813FEB8B540" bold="true" box="[151,314,594,619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140FF179EB60D812FD82B540" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[346,512,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179EB60D812FD82B540" box="[346,512,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, male (NHMUK). 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72140FF179E97ED812FBA8B540" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[836,1066,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179E97ED812FBA8B540" box="[836,1066,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Synemon parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, female (NHMUK).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A140FF17EEAFDD8D8FE69B6DE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF179EAFDD8D8FDECB4FF" blockId="3.[151,1437,665,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179EAFDD8D8FE3AB598" bold="true" box="[199,440,665,691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Redescription. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140FF179EBFFD8D8FDABB598" box="[453,553,665,691]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alar expanse
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140FF179E8E9D8D8FCCFB59F" box="[723,845,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="33.0">33–39 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140FF179EE35D8D8FB0BB59F" box="[1039,1161,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140FF179EF24D8D8FA1BB59F" box="[1310,1433,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head, vertex dark grey with piliform and lamellar scales, frons with grey and white piliform scales, labial palpi porrect, projecting to about frons, grey above white beneath, haustellum well developed, antenna black annulated with white scales, distal few flagellar annuli white beneath, club black above, white beneath, nudum 21–23 dark brown, on anterior half of club, apiculus short, stout of single annulus. Thorax above dark grey of mixed piliform and broad lamellar scales, with a scattering of long pale grey hair scales when thoracic vestiture is intact, beneath white with some pale yellow, legs dark grey above, pale orange beneath, epiphysis clothed in short spines, tip reaching to foretibia. Abdomen black above, long orange hair scales on T2–T4 and some on T5, posterior to T4 with brown-orange scales, orange laterally, beneath pale grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF179EAFDD99CFA0CB283" blockId="3.[151,1437,665,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Forewing costa slightly arched, apex very rounded, termen broadly rounded, inner margin almost straight. Upperside black, with markings of white and pale blue scales; subbasal area with scattered pale blue scales, submedian area with scattered bluish grey scales, sometimes sufficient to form a broad, very ill-defined submedian band in the discal area, a narrow white line at end of cell, proximal to this an area more intensely black, line sometimes straight, sometimes bent and followed distally by scattered pale blue and white scales to another less well defined white spot beyond cell, postmedian band represented by some white scales between M3 and CuA2, and a thicker scattering of pale blue scales, a subapical band of white spots, well developed, extending from R2 to CuA1, in an even arc, a narrow band of scattered pale blue scales well beyond subapical band, a narrow submarginal band of pale blue scales extending to 1A+2A, and a terminal area mostly black with scattered pale blue scales. Cilia grey. Underside black with white and deep orange markings; a broad deep orange median band from costa to CuA2, displaced distally at M3, a broad subapical band deep orange extending from R2 to M3, approaching median band near M3, a submarginal band of spots extending from apex to CuA2, those near apex white and merging together, the remainder deep orange with those between M1 and M3 merging with the subapical band, a narrow black terminal line. Cilia grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF179EAFDDFF0FBBFB073" blockId="3.[151,1437,665,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Hindwing termen evenly rounded, slightly flattened in tornal area. Upperside black with orange or deep orange spots; a scattering of orange scales towards base, a large deep orange spot at distal end of cell, a median band of deep orange spots extending from just beyond M1 to 1A+2A, a gap of ground colour between M3 and CuA1, spots between M1 and M3 and those between CuA1 and 1A+2A confluent, a submarginal band of deep orange discrete spots from Rs to 1A+2A, those anterior to M3 very small, sometimes absent or only some present, anal area orange merging into large deep orange tornal spot which is joined to the median band. Cilia grey, orange between Rs and M2 and at tornus. Underside black with white and deep orange spots; portion of wing anterior to median vein and M1 grey, posterior black, a deep orange spot at distal end of cell, a median band of deep orange spots from Sc+R1 to 1A+2A, spots between M1 and M3 confluent and centred with white, a gap to CuA1, spots between CuA1 and 1A+2A confluent, sometimes also centred with white, a submarginal row of spots from Sc+R1 to 1A+2A, those anterior to M3 small and some white or pale orange, a narrow black terminal line, anal area grey with orange scales merging to orange tornal area. Cilia grey, orange between Rs and M2 and at tornus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF179EAFDDD20FC9BB0B4" blockId="3.[151,1437,665,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179EAFDDD20FE9CB050" bold="true" box="[199,286,1889,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140FF179EB14DD20FE16B057" box="[302,404,1889,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alar expanse
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B14140FF179E87FDD20FD40B057" box="[581,706,1889,1916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="44.0">44–49 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Similar to male, larger, wings slightly longer, coloration similar to male but more extensively brown-orange on abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1140FF17EEAFDDDE8FE40B636" blockId="3.[151,1437,665,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE3140FF179EAFDDDE8FEF0B0E8" bold="true" box="[199,370,1961,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A74140FF179EBBBDDE8FE57B0E8" box="[385,469,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus wide, tapering towards the tip, with long setae; gnathos arms shorter than uncus; anal tube well sclerotized; tegumen broad, slightly curved; vinculum angled, evenly sclerotized; saccus with well-developed bifurcated arms, broad and well separated; juxta well developed; valva elongate, strongly curved ventrally, narrowing abruptly at about 2/3 its length, tip with upturned point, sacculus and costa with stout setae; phallus long, narrow, of even diameter, well sclerotized, tip oblique, barely curved; ductus ejaculatorius longer than phallus, with several coils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDB66FE69B6DE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDB66FE0CB66B" bold="true" box="[199,398,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEBA4DB66FE76B66A" box="[414,500,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales narrow, sharply pointed, short and heavily sclerotized; ovipositor long, narrow, extensible heavily sclerotized, with numerous stout dorsal and lateral spines near tip; apophyses long, well-sclerotized, apophyses anteriores less than half the length of apophyses posteriors which extend from the tip of the papillae; sinus vaginalis broad; ostium bursae in long unsclerotized window extending about one quarter of way down S7; ductus seminalis from close to ostium; ductus bursae long, not coiled, corpus bursae large, ovoid, without signum, extending beyond S7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1408F17EEAFDDBBFFBACB356" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDBBFFBACB356" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDBBFFEC0B533" bold="true" box="[199,322,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEB73DBBEFD83B532" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[329,513,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB73DBBEFD83B532" box="[329,513,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to several species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE984DBBEFBF3B532" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[958,1137,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE984DBBEFBF3B532" box="[958,1137,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEEBADBBEFB76B532" box="[1152,1268,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,218,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 3–6. Synemon sophia, Walpole, Ƌ (3, 4), ♀ (5, 6) (ANIC). 7–10. Synemon cf. leucospila, Ƌ, Martin (7, 8) (ANIC); ♀, Mundaring (9, 10) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
, see also notes below), a common species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131408F17EEBC4D862FD46B516" box="[510,708,547,573]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE8F5D862FCFBB516" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[719,889,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8F5D862FCFBB516" box="[719,889,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EE9B2D862FB81B516" box="[904,1027,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,216,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[180,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 11–14. Synemon parthenoides, Victoria, Grampians, Ƌ (11, 12), ♀ (13, 14) (CEF). 15–18. Synemon maja, Ƌ, Canna Silo (15, 16) (ANIC); ♀, Howatharra Hill (17, 18) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figs 11–14</figureCitation>
|
||
) from south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34376611408F17EEEDDD862FACCB516" box="[1255,1358,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEFB2D862FEE2B54A" authority="Strand, 1911" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEFB2D862FF4CB54B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. maja</emphasis>
|
||
Strand, 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEB54D806FE6FB54A" box="[366,493,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,216,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[180,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 11–14. Synemon parthenoides, Victoria, Grampians, Ƌ (11, 12), ♀ (13, 14) (CEF). 15–18. Synemon maja, Ƌ, Canna Silo (15, 16) (ANIC); ♀, Howatharra Hill (17, 18) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figs 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
), also from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131408F17EE854D806FCB6B54A" box="[622,820,583,609]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE904D806FC72B54A" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[830,1008,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE904D806FC72B54A" box="[830,1008,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from all three species by the extensive orange marking of the hindwing upperside in both sexes (lighter orange to yellow and less extensive in the species compared, very pale in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE80CD8CEFD0BB583" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1911" box="[566,649,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE80CD8CEFD0BB583" box="[566,649,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. maja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE92AD8CEFC3CB582" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[784,958,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE92AD8CEFC3CB582" box="[784,958,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE9EFD8CEFB0BB582" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[981,1161,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE9EFD8CEFB0BB582" box="[981,1161,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Synemon sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEF20D8CEFF4EB5E6" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEF20D8CEFF4EB5E6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEB38D8F2FE2EB5E6" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[258,428,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB38D8F2FE2EB5E6" box="[258,428,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shorter and wider wings, the orange-yellow markings of the hindwing, which extend into the anal area and the apex of the hindwings in particular in females (not extending into anal area and apex of the hindwing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEB25D8BAFE4BB43E" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[287,457,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB25D8BAFE4BB43E" box="[287,457,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only small marks in the apex of the hindwing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEE2BD8BAFB38B43E" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[1041,1210,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEE2BD8BAFB38B43E" box="[1041,1210,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the more extensive and regular scattering of grey scales across the forewing (less pronounced and less extensive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEE9DD95EFAD6B412" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1191,1364,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEE9DD95EFAD6B412" box="[1191,1364,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEFB2D95EFEA4B476" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEFB2D95EFEA4B476" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the less distinct discal spots of the forewing; the more extensive orange markings on the ventral side of their wings, and the extensive white scales that cover a broad band along the costa, the outer orange spots and the apex of the hindwing (much reduced in in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE80DD9CAFD64B48E" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[567,742,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE80DD9CAFD64B48E" box="[567,742,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE95BD9CAFB8FB48E" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[865,1037,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE95BD9CAFB8FB48E" box="[865,1037,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Due to the more extensive orange markings of the hindwing, the black anal area forms a distinct projection along vein 1A+2A in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEEAFD9EEFB7AB4E2" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[1173,1272,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEEAFD9EEFB7AB4E2" box="[1173,1272,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEAE4D992FE0EB4C6" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[222,396,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAE4D992FE0EB4C6" box="[222,396,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and less pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE8ADD992FCC0B4C6" authorityName="R. Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[663,834,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8ADD992FCC0B4C6" box="[663,834,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. parthenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEE6FD992FB3BB4C6" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[1109,1209,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEE6FD992FB3BB4C6" box="[1109,1209,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterised by a black area along anal margin of the forewing (lacking in the other three species). Importantly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEE94D9B6FA90B33A" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[1198,1298,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEE94D9B6FA90B33A" box="[1198,1298,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEAADDE5AFEC1B31E" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,323,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAADDE5AFEC1B31E" box="[151,323,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. cf. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the species with which it is most likely to be confused, by the different shape of the valva of the male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEB39DE7EFED5B372" box="[259,343,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 19, 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1347,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[222,1365,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19, 20. Synemon sophia. 19. Male genitalia, a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (genitalia slides sl1, sl2) (AMS). 20. Female genitalia. a. Distal part. b. Anterior part. c. Segment 8, ostium, ductus bursae and corpus bursae (genitalia slide sl3) (AMS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEB59DE7EFE03B372" box="[355,385,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 21, 22" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[247,1335,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[235,1352,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21, 22. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Unrolled. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus 21. Synemon cf. leucospila (genitalia slides 11834, 11836) (ANIC). 22. Synemon parthenoides (genitalia slides 11808, 11809) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEBD7DE7EFDD3B372" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[493,593,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEBD7DE7EFDD3B372" box="[493,593,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE8DADE7EFCB0B373" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1911" box="[736,818,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8DADE7EFCB0B373" box="[736,818,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. maja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the coloration of the forewings (with wide somewhat diffuse light postmedial and subapical bands in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE8A5DE22FD70B357" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1911" box="[671,754,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8A5DE22FD70B357" box="[671,754,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. maja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE983DE22FB9CB356" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[953,1054,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE983DE22FB9CB356" box="[953,1054,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1408F17EEAFDDEC7FB0BB3C2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDEC7FB0BB3C2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDEC7FEBDB38B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1158,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Some specimens have orange, rather than deep orange, spots on the hindwing. The extent of the white centring in the deep orange spots of the median band on the underside of the hindwing varies, as does the number of spots anterior to M
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B141408F17EEBD2DE8EFD93B3C2" box="[488,529,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the submarginal band on the upperside of the hindwing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1408F17EEAFDDEB3FD90B1CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDEB3FB63B226" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" box="[199,1249,1266,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDEB3FEE3B227" bold="true" box="[199,353,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Limited to the high rainfall areas of the south-west corner of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131408F17EEE28DEB2FB5FB226" box="[1042,1245,1267,1293]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDF57FE36B106" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDF57FE3AB21B" bold="true" box="[199,440,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Habitat and Biology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEBF2DF56FD99B21A" box="[456,539,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–42" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[225,1362,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 35–42. Habitat and live specimens of Synemon species. 35. Habitat of Synemon sophia, Walpole. 36. Habitat of Synemon crocea sp. n., Bullsbrook Nature Reserve. 37. Synemon crocea sp. n., larval food-plant Lyginia imberbis, Melaleuca Park Conservation Area. 38–40. Synemon catocaloides, 46 km north-east of Wubin, resting (38), laying eggs at base of its host plant Ecdeiocolea monostachya (39), mating pair (40). 41, 42. Synemon crocea sp. n., Wandena Road, resting posture during cloud cover (41), alert posture in sunshine (42)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most specimens have been recorded between early and late November, exceptionally as late as early and mid-December. Near Crystal Springs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE949DF7AFC5BB27E" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[883,985,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE949DF7AFC5BB27E" box="[883,985,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
favors low-lying winter-wet swampland alongside Railway Parade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A741408F17EEBFCDF1EFD9AB252" box="[454,536,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–42" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[225,1361,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[225,1362,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 35–42. Habitat and live specimens of Synemon species. 35. Habitat of Synemon sophia, Walpole. 36. Habitat of Synemon crocea sp. n., Bullsbrook Nature Reserve. 37. Synemon crocea sp. n., larval food-plant Lyginia imberbis, Melaleuca Park Conservation Area. 38–40. Synemon catocaloides, 46 km north-east of Wubin, resting (38), laying eggs at base of its host plant Ecdeiocolea monostachya (39), mating pair (40). 41, 42. Synemon crocea sp. n., Wandena Road, resting posture during cloud cover (41), alert posture in sunshine (42)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
), where the vegetation is dominated by tall dense sedges and stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEF1CDF1EFA1EB252" box="[1318,1436,1375,1401]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Melaleuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEF1CDF1EFA1EB252" box="[1318,1436,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Melaleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shrubs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEACADFC2FEE8B2B6" box="[240,362,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on moist peaty soil. In this habitat, both male and female sun-moths were encountered along old overgrown vehicle tracks in boggy soil where regenerating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE968DFE6FC25B2EB" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[850,935,1447,1472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Anarthriaceae" genus="Lyginia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE968DFE6FC25B2EB" box="[850,935,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Lyginia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE9E0DFE6FBF6B2E9" box="[986,1140,1447,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Restionaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Restionaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the suspected food-plant, was common. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEBB8DF8AFE68B2CE" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[386,490,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEBB8DF8AFE68B2CE" box="[386,490,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occupied slightly elevated sandy areas adjacent to the swampland. In these elevated areas, male sun-moths often followed regular flight pathways round visually prominent patches of trees and exposed granite sheeting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDC76FD90B1CA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
At D’Entrecasteaux National Park,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE86FDC76FD3EB17A" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1841" box="[597,700,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE86FDC76FD3EB17A" box="[597,700,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. sophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in the extensive winter-wet sedge swamplands and adjacent marginally elevated sandy ridges, where the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE8D7DC1AFCC0B15F" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[749,834,1627,1652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Anarthriaceae" genus="Lyginia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8D7DC1AFCC0B15F" box="[749,834,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Lyginia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. is plentiful. In
|
||
<date id="FFEA10311408F17EEE29DC1AFB49B15E" box="[1043,1227,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" value="2017-11">November 2017</date>
|
||
, after a recent fire, the sun-moths were locally common and active in warm sunny conditions between 10:00 am and 3 pm. Adults flew close to the ground amongst sedges and along sandy tracks close to swampy areas. A female was observed ovipositing at the base of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEB67DC86FE30B1CB" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[349,434,1735,1760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Anarthriaceae" genus="Lyginia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB67DC86FE30B1CB" box="[349,434,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Lyginia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1408F17EEAFDDCAAFC3FB091" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11408F17EEAFDDCAAFC3FB091" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEAFDDCAAFEB9B02E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on an unpublished molecular study by the authors, specimens of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEEA2DCAAFB7FB02E" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[1176,1277,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEEA2DCAAFB7FB02E" box="[1176,1277,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Perth species complex’ (Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB95DD4EFE62B002" box="[431,480,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016) cluster closely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE922DD4EFC25B002" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[792,935,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE922DD4EFC25B002" box="[792,935,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may indeed represent a yellow southern form of this species. Typical northern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EE876DD72FD5FB066" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[588,733,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE876DD72FD5FB066" box="[588,733,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. leucospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131408F17EE999DD72FBEEB066" box="[931,1132,1843,1869]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
have hindwings with very pale cream to almost white markings (see Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE8EDDD16FC8AB05A" box="[727,776,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016). Specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131408F17EEE1BDD16FB4CB05A" box="[1057,1230,1879,1905]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
that belong to this group were described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721408F17EEB94DD3AFCB5B0BE" authority="Grund & Stolarski, 2012" authorityName="Grund & Stolarski" authorityYear="2012" box="[430,823,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EEB94DD3AFD94B0BE" box="[430,534,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">S. larissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B001408F17EE827DD3AFCB5B0BE" author="Grund, R. & Stolarski, A." box="[541,823,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="121 - 160" refId="ref33165" refString="Grund, R. & Stolarski, A. (2012) Taxonomy and biology of Synemon discalis Strand and S. parthenoides R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) in South Australia. Australian Entomologist, 39 (3), 121 - 160." type="journal article" year="2012">Grund & Stolarski, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomy of this group needs to be clarified. The common name ‘Flame Sun-moth’ was coined by Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAE31408F17EE916DDDEFCDFB092" box="[812,861,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |