151 lines
19 KiB
XML
151 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="628B02665C33D05E88B1DC5E38FA7FE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d09a7f21-70b7-4db4-8223-7aba590c3622" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240932" ID-ZooBank="9E599206-EEED-4567-90A6-07B060C4C947" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461002171207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu" docDate="2015" docId="039C87FE6B1B741BBA9AA9E36F9DCE9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p270.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="259" masterDocId="FFA5FF866B197418BA0DAC576B46CF37" masterDocTitle="New Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken, 1859 Crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of North and South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1698564934981" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4129CCAC00E73CCDFD4D421650043566">
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<mods:title id="9B6A5EA60C14F5409F84B32F55E01159">New Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken, 1859 Crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of North and South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0455A52305BBD3BBB9FFE40A9BFB011E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7738F1D8B64C773E190A3D91DDF31FDF">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93B2FFA7B18C0B26D4E19CC36A7ED890">Byun, Hye-Woo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AC32BC919656AC497E3AC17EA2C198D">Kim, Sam-Kyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4AD63FFAD4CCB037E98AA3B4BA5EAA67">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="42F29CD74AA648A87921332CDD677E80">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A17A125EB9D0A82AFF32C31A0C823F6F">3925</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7DFFA6A46D901057B4FBDC3FAC0D2869" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C87FE6B1B741BBA9AA9E36F9DCE9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6096190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6096190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87FE6B1B741BBA9AA9E36F9DCE9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87FE6B1B741BBA9AA9E36F9DCE9B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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<subSubSection id="C32F65636B1B741ABA9AA9E36918C925" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E86B1B741ABA9AA9E36ABACAF8" blockId="2.[151,508,1460,1487]" box="[151,508,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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<heading id="D0C281846B1B741ABA9AA9E36ABACAF8" bold="true" box="[151,508,1460,1487]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1B741ABA9AA9E36ABACAF8" ID-CoL="87FKR" authority="Osten Sacken" authorityName="Osten Sacken" box="[151,508,1460,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Dicranoptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABA9AA9E36ABACAF8" bold="true" box="[151,508,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABA9AA9E36A0CCAF9" bold="true" box="[151,330,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Dicranoptycha</emphasis>
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Osten Sacken
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E86B1B741ABA9AA9AA6918C925" blockId="2.[151,1436,1532,1615]" box="[151,606,1532,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABA9AA9AA6A66C925" box="[151,288,1533,1554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Marginomyia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABB2BA9AB6AF5C925" author="Meigen" box="[294,435,1532,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen, 333 pp." type="book" year="1818">Meigen, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABBCCA9AA6916C925" box="[449,592,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F65636B1B741BBA9AAA4D6F9DCE9B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E86B1B741ABA9AAA4D6F33C978" blockId="2.[151,1436,1532,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1B741ABA9AAA4D6953C907" ID-CoL="87FKR" authority="Osten Sacken, 1859" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,533,1562,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Dicranoptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABA9AAA4D6A69C907" box="[151,303,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Dicranoptycha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABB36AA4D6953C907" author="Osten" box="[315,533,1562,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1859) New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 197 - 254." type="proceedings paper" year="1859">Osten Sacken, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741AB828AA4D6834C907" author="Lackschewitz" box="[549,882,1562,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Lackschewitz, P. & Pagast, F. (1942) 16. Limoniidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3 (5), Lief. 145, 33 - 64." type="journal article" year="1942">Lackschewitz & Pagast (1942)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741AB98FAA4D6F52C907" author="Ishida" box="[898,1044,1562,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Ishida, H. (1959) The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera, 4. Limoniinae, Tribe Pediciini. Science Report of the Hyogo University of Agriculture, Serie Natural Sciences, 3 (2), 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1959">Ishida (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABE29AA4D6EDEC907" author="Savchenko" box="[1060,1432,1562,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Savchenko, E. N. & Krivolutskaya, G. O. (1976) Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. Kiev, 160 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1976">Savchenko & Krivolutskaya, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABACAAA6E6A3FC978" author="Savchenko" box="[199,377,1593,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1982) Komari - limonijidi [Limoniid - flies], (subfamily Eriopterinae). Fauna Ukrajiny, 14 (3), 1 - 335. [in Ukrainian]" type="journal article" year="1982">Savchenko (1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABB89AA6E6AFFC978" author="Savchenko" box="[388,441,1593,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1983) Limoniidae of South Primorye. Kiev, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741ABBCEAA6E6ABFC978" author="Savchenko" box="[451,505,1593,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1989) Limoniid crane flies of the USSR fauna. Kiev, 378 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="548E884A6B1B741AB806AA6D697BC978" box="[523,573,1594,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
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species—
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1B741AB8ABAA6E6F37C978" ID-CoL="35SYR" authority="Osten Sacken, 1859" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1859" box="[678,1137,1593,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Dicranoptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germana">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB8ABAA6E68D8C978" box="[678,926,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Dicranoptycha germana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741AB9A9AA6E6F37C978" author="Osten" box="[932,1137,1593,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1859) New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 197 - 254." type="proceedings paper" year="1859">Osten Sacken, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E86B1B741BBA9AAA2A6F9DCE9B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1660,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
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Korean short-palped crane flies, belonging to genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1B741AB8E0AA2B6FC6C9A2" ID-CoL="87FKR" authority="Osten Sacken, 1859" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1859" box="[749,1152,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Dicranoptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB8E0AA2B68D3C9A2" box="[749,917,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Dicranoptycha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1B741AB993AA2B6FC6C9A2" author="Osten" box="[926,1152,1660,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1859) New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 197 - 254." type="proceedings paper" year="1859">Osten Sacken, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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are comparatively large, with a wing length ranging from 8.0 to
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<quantity id="4CCD9B0D6B1B741AB86FAAF7698EC98F" box="[610,712,1696,1721]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E2A6D6B1B741AB8D4AAF7685BC98F" box="[729,797,1696,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,219,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1206]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. General view of Dicranoptycha prolongata male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240933/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Main body color varies from gray to brown and light brown, sometimes even brownish yellow (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A6D6B1B741AB882AA93699FC9EB" box="[655,729,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,481,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,1433,481,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mating pair of Dicranoptycha prolongata. Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, (Moss valley), N 37.47153, E 128.54305, alt. 769 m, 2014.08. 22." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240934/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Antennal flagellum 14-segmented. Distinct tubercular pits situated some distance beyond frontal margin of thoracical prescutum, pseudosutural fovea close to them (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A6D6B1B741ABF44AABF6EC8C837" box="[1353,1422,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1354,1376]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,408,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[216,1371,401,1332]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head and thorax of Dicranoptycha prolongata. Abbreviations: anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; ant, antenna; ces, cervical sclerite; cx, coxa; hal, haltere; kem, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ltg, laterotergite; mr, meron; mtg, mediotergite; mtn, metanotum; mts, metepisternum; pem, proepimeron; pes, proepisternum; plp, palpus; prn, pronotum; psc, prescutum; psf, pseudosutural fovea; sc, scutum; sctl, scutellum; sp 1, prothoracical spiracle; sp 2, postthoracic spiracle; tg 1, first abdominal tergite; tr, trochanter; trns, transverse suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240935/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Wing long, grayish or brownish, sometimes darkened along longitudinal veins. Stigma indistinct. Vein
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABF11AB5A6E71C813" box="[1308,1335,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Sc</emphasis>
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long, tip of
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABAB8AB666B9EC87A" box="[181,216,1841,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Sc1</emphasis>
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reaches distinctly beyond branching point of
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB8D1AB6669BEC87F" box="[732,760,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Rs</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB90BAB66686FC87A" box="[774,809,1841,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Sc2</emphasis>
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close to
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB983AB6668F7C87A" box="[910,945,1841,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Sc1</emphasis>
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tip. Arculus present. Cross-vein
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABF29AB666E78C87A" box="[1316,1342,1841,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">R2</emphasis>
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close to
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABA9AAB0F6BF6C843" box="[151,176,1880,1908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">R1</emphasis>
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tip. Radial sector (
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABB9FAB0F6AE8C858" box="[402,430,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Rs</emphasis>
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) comparatively short and could be variable even in same species. It is usually slightly arched, but could be also angulated and short-spurred at base. It branches into two veins
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABE8AAB296FF7C8AD" box="[1159,1201,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">R2+3</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABEE7AB296E52C8AD" box="[1258,1300,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">R4+5</emphasis>
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. Discal cell closed, elongate. Basal deflection of
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB84DABF2693CC8F6" box="[576,634,1957,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">CuA1</emphasis>
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distinctly beyond branching point of
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741ABE20ABF26F02C88B" box="[1069,1092,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">M</emphasis>
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, usually before mid-length of discal cell. The most distinctive feature of the genus is fold in cell
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<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1B741AB985AB9B68E5C8D4" box="[904,931,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">cu</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E2A6D6B1B741AB9BFAB9C68B1C8D3" box="[946,1015,1995,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[311,1282,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[292,1309,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Dicranoptycha prolongata. 4, wing. 5, male genitalia, dorsal view. 6, ovipositor, lateral view. Abbreviations: aa, anterior apodeme of vesica; ap, aedeagal process; arc, arculus; cerc, cercus; d, discal cell; gonx, gonocoxite; h, humerus; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; i gonst, inner gonostylus; l p, lateral process of lateral apodeme of vesica; o gonst, outer gonostylus; st, sternite; tg, tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), which is not known in other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1A741BBABBACC06A7DCF87" ID-CoL="C39" box="[182,315,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Meron is strongly reduced, thus second and third pairs of coxae are close together. Male genitalia slightly elongate. Ninth tergite and ninth sternite forming complete genital ring. Posterior margin of ninth tergite with large shallow median incision. Lateral process of lateral apodeme of vesica large. Two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Outer gonostylus usually dark, strongly sclerotised and slightly arched. Inner gonostylus wide and fleshy. Edeagal complex usually strongly complicated and species-specific. Ovipositor with comparatively short, widened, round-tipped cercus. Some non-Korean species have modified and widely spread cerci. Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D6B6B1A741BBA9AAD386A79CEBF" ID-CoL="87FKR" box="[151,319,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Dicranoptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAFA6B1A741BBA9AAD386A79CEBF" box="[151,319,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Dicranoptycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
start flying comparatively late, from the middle of June, but they are most active in late summer and fall. Larvae are metapneunistic, developing in soil under leaf litter or wood debris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B196B1A741BBE34ADC36F89CE9B" author="Young" box="[1081,1231,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" refString="Young, C. W. (1987) A revision of the crane fly genus Dicranoptycha in North America. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 53, 215 - 274." type="journal article" year="1987">Young, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |