treatments-xml/data/03/9C/87/039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A.xml

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<mods:title id="7ADE6D737C5C20B5E8CB28A3CE4AA038">Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. &amp; Wahlert (Violaceae), a new species from the Daraina region of northern Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="26668155EE97D05BF67B6FB126F4811D">Wahlert, Gregory A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22A71D3742DFA1C382E9E05DC54B6A65">Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D70F98B81D88A1659B13B1BBE175528">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Laboratoire universitaire de Systématique végétale et Biodiversité, CP 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF225D9230A57FEE8788CFEFC" ID-CoL="6X8PQ" authority="Nusb. &amp; Wahlert" authorityName="Nusb. &amp; Wahlert" authorityYear="2013" box="[824,1227,330,354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230A57FEE8784BFEFC" bold="true" box="[824,1036,330,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Rinorea ranirisonii</emphasis>
Nusb. &amp; Wahlert
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, 
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(
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, 
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).
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<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CF2F225D9230A31FED3782FFE77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412823303" collectingDate="2004-03-27" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Ranirison" country="Madagascar" elevation="225" latitude="-13.238611" location="Sous-prefecture de Vohemar" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.625" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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Typus: 
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. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACD5F225D9230D22FED378C3FE17" box="[1101,1156,369,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
Antsiranana:
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, 
<location id="8EEA6074F225D9230A87FE337955FE37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F225D9230A87FE337955FE37" box="[1000,1298,401,425]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-13.238611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.625" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" name="commune rurale de Daraina" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">commune rurale de Daraina</location>
, 
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, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230A31FE137FEEFE57" box="[862,937,433,457]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="225.0">
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496
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(
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: 
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!;
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: 
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!, 
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!, 
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!, 
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, research herbarium of Daraina).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F225D9230A32FDBB79CCFD2F" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230A32FDBB79CCFD2F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF225D9230A32FDBB7F8CFDAF" box="[861,971,537,561]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Arbuscula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arbuscula</taxonomicName>
foliis oppositis, ab omnibus congeneribus sectionis Verticillatae in Madagascaria indumento oculo nudo dense hispido, aureo-rubro in ramulis annotinis, petiolis, nervura primaria laminae, pedunculo, pedicellis, sepalisque, oculo armato indumento conspicuo in ovario.
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230A31FD637FDBFD47" box="[862,924,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Shrub</emphasis>
branched, up to 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230D25FD6378C2FD47" box="[1098,1157,705,729]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
tall; young branches flattened in cross section, quite canaliculated under the nodes, hispid. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230A58FCA37F39FC87" box="[823,894,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, anisophyllous (1:1.3); petiole 
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long, with hispid golden reddish hairs 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230DF6FC837950FCA7" box="[1177,1303,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8-1.2 mm</quantity>
long, adaxially slightly canaliculated at the apex; stipules early caducous, not seen; terminal bud scales green, brown when dry, conical, linear-lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230A9AFC23780FFC07" box="[1013,1096,897,921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
long, 
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broad, hispid, apex acute, mucronate; lamina ovate, 2.8-8.2 × 2.0-5.0 cm, length to width ratio of 1.3-1.8, membranaceous, green and slightly discolorous, whitish on the lower surface, upper and lower surfaces hispid; primary and secondary veins densely hispid on both surfaces; secondary vein pairs 3-7, brochidodromous, divergent, tertiary veins reticulate; base rounded to truncate to subcordate, slightly asymmetrical, oblique; margin crenate, subrevolute; apex obtuse to rounded, mucronate. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230C57FB237984FB07" box="[1336,1475,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a terminal cyme, less than 
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long, axis hispid, peduncle 
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long, peduncle subtended by two persistent bud scales; pedicels 1.0- 
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long, hispid; pedicel bractlets persistent, deltoid-ovate, 0.7-1.5 × 
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, hispid, apex acute, mucronate. 
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3.4-4.0 mm long. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230DB1FA837962FAA7" box="[1246,1317,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sepals</emphasis>
five, cream at the base and gradually green to the apex, entire, unequal, imbricate, narrowly triangular, 2.1-3.5 × 1.0 mm, keeled, hispid, apex acute, mucronate, mucro dark red when dry. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230C12FA237985FA07" box="[1405,1474,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Petals</emphasis>
five, contorted to the left, cream to white, subequal, lanceolate, 3.5-4.0 × 
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, outer surface glabrous, inner surface glabrous or with few-several hairs above the middle, margin entire, apex subacute, erect. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230DD3F9A37952F987" box="[1212,1301,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Stamens</emphasis>
white to cream, five, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230A1EF9837FB7F9A7" box="[881,1008,1569,1593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.8 mm</quantity>
long; staminal tube 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230DBCF9837915F9A7" box="[1235,1362,1569,1593]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6-0.8 mm</quantity>
tall, outer and inner surfaces glabrous; anthers subsessile, filaments 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230CF7F9E37FCFF9E7" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1- 0.2 mm</quantity>
long, anther connectives 0.5 × 
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; anther ventral appendages absent; anther dorsal connective scales apical, ovate, scarious, white, 0.5 × 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230D1FF9037882F927" box="[1136,1221,1697,1721]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, surface glabrous, margin entire, apex rounded, truncate or bifid. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230D94F9637974F947" box="[1275,1331,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Pistil</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230C56F96379C4F947" box="[1337,1411,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long; ovary ovoid, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230D67F9437819F967" box="[1032,1118,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, hispid; style 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF225D9230D99F9437905F967" box="[1270,1346,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long, erect, fluted in cross-section, straight, glabrous. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF225D9230C76F8A37915F887" box="[1305,1362,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Fruit</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4A6627F226D920091EF8C47DB0F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5745370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5745370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5745370/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" startId="2.[113,138,1894,1914]" targetBox="[113,1490,275,1878]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF226D920091EF8C47F40F8E4" blockId="2.[113,775,1894,1914]" box="[113,775,1894,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF226D920091EF8C47CE8F8E4" bold="true" box="[113,175,1894,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1. –</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF226D92009DAF8C47E7AF8E4" authority="Nusb. &amp; Wahlert. A. Flowering" box="[181,573,1894,1914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">
Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. &amp; Wahlert. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF226D92008B5F8C47DABF8E4" bold="true" box="[474,492,1894,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">A.</emphasis>
Flowering
</taxonomicName>
branch; 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF226D9200BE9F8C47ED1F8E4" bold="true" box="[646,662,1894,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">B.</emphasis>
Inflorescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF226D920091EF8257DB0F805" blockId="2.[113,503,1927,1947]" box="[113,503,1927,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">[Ranirison 496, P] [Drawn by R. L. ndriamiarisoa]</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A6627F227D921090DFC227DD3FC2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5745374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5745374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5745374/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" startId="3.[98,123,896,916]" targetBox="[98,749,276,879]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D921090DFC227E00FC0A" blockId="3.[98,583,896,949]" box="[98,583,896,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D921090DFC227CE6FC0A" bold="true" box="[98,161,896,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 2. –</emphasis>
Inflorescence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D921084AFC227E00FC0A" authority="Nusb. &amp; Wahlert." authorityName="Nusb. &amp; Wahlert." box="[293,583,896,916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. &amp; Wahlert.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D921090DFC037DD3FC2B" blockId="3.[98,583,896,949]" box="[98,404,929,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
[
<figureCitation id="130E2A2AF227D9210907FC037C9CFC2B" box="[104,219,929,949]" captionStart="[" captionStartId="2.[113,119,1927,1947]" captionTargetBox="[113,1490,275,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[179,1423,276,1877]" captionText="[Ranirison 496, P] [Drawn by R. L. ndriamiarisoa]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ranirison 496</figureCitation>
, P] [Photo: P. Ranirison]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D92109E7FBB47E1DFAF0" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D92109E7FBB47E1DFAF0" blockId="3.[97,749,1046,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109E7FBB47D82FBB0" box="[136,453,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
Remarks. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D921086EFBB47D82FBB0" box="[257,453,1046,1070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">Rinorea ranirisonii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a distinctive species, yet it is not clear to which other opposite-leaved species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210BF9FB947D70FBF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Verticillatae">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210BF9FB947EAAFBD0" box="[662,749,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Rinorea</emphasis>
subsect. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109D5FBF47D70FBF0" box="[186,311,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Verticillatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is most close related. With 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210B0AFBF47EABFBF0" box="[613,748,1110,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210B0AFBF47EABFBF0" box="[613,748,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">R. auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it shares a pedunculate cymose inflorescence (vs a contracted, subsessile inflorescence in most species), but is otherwise completely different in vegetative characters. 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210B7BFB147EE6FB50" box="[532,673,1206,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210B7BFB147EE6FB50" box="[532,673,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">R. ranirisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species by the shape of its ovate leaf blade and the apex of the blade obtuse to rounded. It is also distinguished by its ovary covered in golden-reddish hispid indumentum, often densely so, as well as the young branches, upper and lower leaf surfaces, inflorescence axis, pedicels, and sepals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D92109E7FAD87D33F90C" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D92109E7FAD87D33F90C" blockId="3.[97,749,1046,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109E7FAD87D6EFA0C" box="[136,297,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Distribution. –</emphasis>
The new species is only known from the forests of the Loky-Manambato (Daraina) region, in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F322763FF227D92109DCFA187D72FA4C" box="[179,309,1466,1490]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A2AF227D921082CFA187DC4FA4C" box="[323,387,1466,1490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,138,1383,1403]" captionTargetBox="[114,1489,276,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-283@4.[255,1275,306,1335]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Map of Loky-Manambato area showing distribution of Rinorea ranirisonii Nusb. &amp; Wahlert [Forest acronyms: Abd: Ambilondamba; Ank: Ankaramy; Apb: Ampondrabe; Atb: ntsahabe; Atd: Ambohitsitondroina; Atg: ntsaharaingy; Bek: Bekaraoka; Bin: Binara; Sol: Solaniampilana]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5745378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5745378/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). During botanical and vegetation studies in the region, only four individuals were observed among ca. 54 000 vascular plant observations. The four individuals were found in Binara, Ampondrabe, and Bobankora forests in the Loky-Manambato region. However we suspect the species may occur in several other forests across the entire Loky-Manambato region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D92109E7F9007916FEF2" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D92109E7F9007916FEF2" blockId="3.[97,748,1698,1946]" lastBlockId="3.[824,1474,276,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109E7F9007E16F924" box="[136,593,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
Habitat and ecology. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D92108ECF9007E16F924" box="[387,593,1698,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">Rinorea ranirisonii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
occurs primarily in evergreen rainforest on slopes, and uncommonly in semi-deciduous forest along streams. The species grows in forests with canopies reaching 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D92108D5F8A07E76F884" box="[442,561,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 15 m</quantity>
on metamorphic rock, up to 
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elevation. The most frequently recorded species occurring with 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D921080CF8E07DBEF8C4" box="[355,505,1858,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D921080CF8E07DBEF8C4" box="[355,505,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">R. ranirisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vegetation surveys include: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D92109D3F8C07EAFF8E4" authority="(Baill.) G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityName="G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" baseAuthorityName="Baill." box="[188,744,1890,1914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quercina">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109D3F8C07D63F8E4" box="[188,292,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diospyros</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D921083CF8C07DEAF8E4" box="[339,429,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">quercina</emphasis>
(Baill.) G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D92109E2F8207D06F804" box="[141,321,1922,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92109E2F8207D59F804" box="[141,286,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Nesogordonia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D92108DEF8207EAEF804" authority="(Baker) I. Verdc." authorityName="I. Verdc." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[433,745,1922,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Vepris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D92108DEF8207E73F804" box="[433,564,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Vepris nitida</emphasis>
(Baker) I. Verdc.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210A57FEB678A6FEB2" authority="(Lam.) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Lam." box="[824,1249,276,300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Salacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A57FEB67810FEB2" box="[824,1111,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Salacia madagascariensis</emphasis>
(Lam.) DC.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210D83FEB67FDDFED2" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Ivodea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mahanarica">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210D83FEB67985FEB2" box="[1260,1474,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ivodea mahanarica</emphasis>
Capuron
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210AC9FE96795CFED2" authority="J. F. Gmel." authorityName="J. F. Gmel." box="[934,1307,308,332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Securinega" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durissima">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210AC9FE9678DEFED2" box="[934,1177,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Securinega durissima</emphasis>
J. F. Gmel.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210C3DFE967916FEF2" authority="(Leandri) Petra Hoffm. &amp; McPherson." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Wielandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarensis">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210C3DFE967FF6FEF2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Wielandia bemarensis</emphasis>
(Leandri) Petra Hoffm. &amp; McPherson.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D9210A31FEDE7983FE0A" box="[862,1476,380,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D9210A31FEDE7983FE0A" blockId="3.[824,1476,380,763]" box="[862,1476,380,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A31FEDE7FA1FE0A" box="[862,998,380,404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Phenology. –</emphasis>
The species flowers from February to March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D9210A31FE017961FD65" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D9210A31FE017961FD65" blockId="3.[824,1476,380,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A31FE017F80FE25" box="[862,967,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Etymology</emphasis>
. – The new species described in this paper is named in honor of Patrick Ranirison, who collected the 
<typeStatus id="548E880DF227D9210C42FE61791EFE45" box="[1325,1369,451,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
specimen and suspected it to represent a new species. Patrick Ranirison and L. Nusbaumer both earned their doctorate under the supervision of L. Gautier, and both spent months in the field together doing botanical inventories and vegetation studies in the forests of Loky- Manambato. Ranirison is a highly capable botanical researcher, a passionate conservationist, and a congenial companion in the field. The 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A0BFD017FF0FD25" box="[868,951,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">sakarivo</emphasis>
link between P. Ranirison and L. Nusbaumer through their long collaboration and friendship is reserved for the closest and most loyal relationship between two friends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D9210A31FCA97984FC7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D9210A31FCA97984FC7D" blockId="3.[824,1475,779,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A31FCA97805FCBD" box="[862,1090,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Conservation status. –</emphasis>
With an area of occupancy (AOO) of 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D9210A57FC897F3FFCDD" box="[824,888,811,835]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C409BE7F227D9210A17FC887FC7FCA6" attach="left" box="[888,896,810,824]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">2</superScript>
and an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D9210C66FC897911FCDD" box="[1289,1366,811,835]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="km" value="227.0">227 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C409BE7F227D9210C39FC887919FCA6" attach="left" box="[1366,1374,810,824]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">2</superScript>
, and only four collections known among three subpopulations in the protected area of Loky-Manambato, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2CF227D9210DE5FCC97909FC1D" box="[1162,1358,875,899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Rinorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ranirisonii">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210DE5FCC97909FC1D" box="[1162,1358,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Rinorea ranirisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of “Endangered” (VU D1) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B5EF227D9210DB2FC097923FC5D" author="IUCN" box="[1245,1380,939,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" refId="ref2735" refString="IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." type="book" year="2001">IUCN, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; calculation following 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B5EF227D9210AB9FC697822FC7D" author="MOAT, J." box="[982,1125,971,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" refId="ref2761" refString="MOAT, J. (2007). Conservation assessment tools extension for Arc View 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [www. rbgkew. org. uk / gis / cats]." type="book" year="2007">MOAT (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B5EF227D9210DF7FC6979F8FC7D" author="CALLMANDER, M. W. &amp; G. E &amp; SCHATZ, P. P. &amp; LOWRY II, M. O. &amp; LAIVAO, J. &amp; RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. &amp; ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T." box="[1176,1471,971,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="168 - 176" refId="ref2518" refString="CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA &amp; T. K. CONSIGLIO (2007). Identification of priority areas for plant conservation in Madagascar using Red List criteria: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate sites in need of protection. Oryx 41: 168 - 176." type="journal article" year="2007">CALLMANDER &amp; al. (2007))</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6524F227D9210A31FC5079C7FB4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A36AFF227D9210A31FC5079C7FB4A" blockId="3.[824,1475,779,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A31FC507810FB99" box="[862,1111,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Other specimens examined</emphasis>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CF2F227D9210D1CFC5078EBFBC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412823301" collectingDate="2005-02-21" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Nusbaumer &amp; Ranirison" country="Madagascar" elevation="460" latitude="-12.953611" location="Sous-prefecture de Vohemar" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.70861" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210D1CFC507985FB99" bold="true" box="[1139,1474,1010,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<collectingCountry id="F322763FF227D9210D1CFC5078BFFB98" box="[1139,1272,1010,1031]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACD5F227D9210C6BFC5079F9FB99" box="[1284,1470,1010,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Prov. Antsiranana</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210A57FBAD781DFBBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210A57FBAD781DFBBA" box="[824,1114,1039,1060]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.953611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.70861" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" name="Sous-prefecture de Vohemar" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Sous-préfecture de Vohemar</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210D08FBAD79C0FBBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210D08FBAD79C0FBBA" box="[1127,1415,1039,1060]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.953611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.70861" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" name="commune rurale de Daraina" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">commune rurale de Daraina</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210CFCFBAD7F8FFBDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210CFCFBAD7F8FFBDF" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.953611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.70861" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" name="foret d'Ampondrabe" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">forêt d’Ampondrabe</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210ABEFB8E7804FBDF" box="[977,1091,1068,1089]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-12.953611">12°57’13’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210D26FB8E78F9FBDF" box="[1097,1214,1068,1089]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="31" value="49.70861">49°42’31’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D9210DA8FB8E7943FBDF" box="[1223,1284,1068,1089]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="460.0">
<elevation id="0018D19CF227D9210DA8FB8E7943FBDF" box="[1223,1284,1068,1089]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF8B106FF227D9210C61FB8E7930FBDF" box="[1294,1399,1068,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2005-02-21">
<collectingDate id="EFCFE987F227D9210C61FB8E7930FBDF" box="[1294,1399,1068,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2005-02-21">21.II. 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl. bud, 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210A57FBE87833FBC1" box="[824,1140,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210A57FBE87FECFBC1" box="[824,939,1098,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Nusbaumer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210ABAFBE8787FFBC1" box="[981,1080,1098,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ranirison</collectorName>
2265
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED24AE6AF227D9210DE6FBE878D8FBC1" box="[1161,1183,1098,1119]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CF2F227D9210DD8FBE87847FB07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412823305" collectingDate="2005-02-21" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Nusbaumer &amp; Ranirison" country="Madagascar" elevation="490" latitude="-12.951111" location="Sous-prefecture de Vohemar" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.709167" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1">
same locality description, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210A57FBC57FEAFBE2" box="[824,941,1127,1148]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-12.951111">12°57’04’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210ADBFBC5786CFBE2" box="[948,1067,1127,1148]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="33" value="49.709167">49°42’33’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D9210D59FBC57832FBE2" box="[1078,1141,1127,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="490.0">
<elevation id="0018D19CF227D9210D59FBC57832FBE2" box="[1078,1141,1127,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="490.0">490 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF8B106FF227D9210D10FBC578A2FBE2" box="[1151,1253,1127,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2005-02-21">
<collectingDate id="EFCFE987F227D9210D10FBC578A2FBE2" box="[1151,1253,1127,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2005-02-21">21.II.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl. bud, 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210C55FBC57F97FB07" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210C55FBC579EEFBE2" box="[1338,1449,1127,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Nusbaumer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210A57FB267FDFFB07" box="[824,920,1156,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ranirison</collectorName>
2998
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED24AE6AF227D9210AB1FB267FB3FB07" box="[990,1012,1156,1177]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CF2F227D9210D69FB2679C7FB4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412823304" collectingDate="29. I. 2005" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Nusbaumer &amp; Ranirison" country="Madagascar" elevation="405" latitude="-13.224722" location="sous-prefecture de Vohemar" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.760277" municipality="Prov. Antsiranana" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210D69FB26795EFB07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210D69FB26795EFB07" box="[1030,1305,1156,1177]" latitude="-13.224722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.760277" name="sous-prefecture de Vohemar" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">sous-préfecture de Vohemar</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210C4CFB267FD8FB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210C4CFB267FD8FB29" latitude="-13.224722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.760277" name="commune rurale de Daraina" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">commune rurale de Daraina</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA6074F227D9210AC7FB00781BFB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B9F225D9210A57FEE879C7FB4A:8EEA6074F227D9210AC7FB00781BFB29" box="[936,1116,1186,1207]" latitude="-13.224722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.760277" name="foret de Bobankora" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">forêt de Bobankora</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A382F8DF227D9210D0AFB00788CFB29" box="[1125,1227,1186,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">partie nord</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210DBAFB007902FB29" box="[1237,1349,1186,1207]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-13.224722">13°13’29’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE015068F227D9210C24FB0079F9FB29" box="[1355,1470,1186,1207]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="37" value="49.760277">49°45’37’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B4AF227D9210A56FB1D7F3FFB4A" box="[825,888,1215,1236]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="405.0">
<elevation id="0018D19CF227D9210A56FB1D7F3FFB4A" box="[825,888,1215,1236]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="405.0">405 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFCFE987F227D9210AEEFB1D7F98FB4A" box="[897,991,1215,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<date id="FF8B106FF227D9210AEEFB1D7FE1FB4A" box="[897,934,1215,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2005-01-29">29.I</date>
.2005
</collectingDate>
, sterile, 
<emphasis id="B941EABDF227D9210D5FFB1D790BFB4A" box="[1072,1356,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210D5FFB1D78D8FB4A" box="[1072,1183,1215,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Nusbaumer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C05379F227D9210DDAFB1D7951FB4A" box="[1205,1302,1215,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ranirison</collectorName>
3005
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED24AE6AF227D9210C30FB1D7934FB4A" box="[1375,1395,1215,1236]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>