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<document id="90CE0AE3D47A5DB180D6E0347FADEBAC" ID-CLB-Dataset="29003" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3157d39-d48d-4df2-94a8-b097803e4342" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459138" ID-ZooBank="334E786F-2793-4F10-909C-4ABBDA4075ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539326425413" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, YaCob, Zubaidah &amp; Sofian-Azirun, Mohd" docDate="2018" docId="03951057FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FAFDF9D4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4498.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4498 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium Latreille" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFAC682FFFC9CA69FFAA100AFF94FFD2" masterDocTitle="Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698579078717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9408DAC0AFBB64086E5C1C2AD874C4FF">Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6870A2E2E2D374B77F2D10EE99B90428">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF442B9E885B48CD2B3CC2241081483D">YaCob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2344485AB86604619A47754A70C2795">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6FEA598CE360DE6A2145F22AAAF03D60">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B4E7F00C8BFD796DE7C219BD5F9F4F9">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="E93C3981F39A95BBD891B297BF8B4FEB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E8B305772C9CA957DA0CFC4F65BC9B2F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03951057FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FAFDF9D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980424" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695251" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951057FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FAFDF9D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03951057FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FAFDF9D4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C326F2CAFFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FAFDF9D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FE43FB17" blockId="4.[151,471,1194,1221]" box="[151,471,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0CB162DFFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FE43FB17" bold="true" box="[151,471,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFF3D14A1FE43FB17" bold="true" box="[151,471,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFF4414A0FE43FB17" ID-CoL="8VTZ4" ID-ENA="7191" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[238,471,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFF4414A0FEF2FB16" bold="true" box="[238,358,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
Latreille
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFCDCA6DFF3D14FBFAFDF9D4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1265,1542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFF3D14FBFE95FADB" box="[151,257,1265,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFF3D14FBFE95FADB" box="[151,257,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest genus of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFD2414FBFC93FAD8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[654,775,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
including 1,919 species (82.2%) of the total 2,335 living species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFCDCA6DFF5D151FFD8BFAFC" box="[247,543,1301,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref64325" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Crosskey, R. W. (2018) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory [2018]. 134 pp. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 20 April 2018)" type="book">Adler and Crosskey, 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and is widely distributed throughout the world where running fresh waters are available. It is the only genus known in the Oriental Region. The adults are characterized by having a distinct calcipala and pedisulcus coupled with spinules and hairs on the costal vein. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFBCD1557FB45FAA7" box="[1127,1233,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFBCD1557FB45FAA7" box="[1127,1233,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is divided into 37 subgenera, of which 10 subgenera are known in the Oriental Region (
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFC4D158BFA0CFA48" authority="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityYear="2005" box="[999,1432,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Asiosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFC4D158BFBEBFA4B" box="[999,1151,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Asiosimulium</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Choochote
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFF3D15AFFE15FA6C" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,385,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Byssodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFF3D15AFFE97FA6F" box="[151,259,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Byssodon</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFE3E15AFFDB4FA6F" box="[404,544,1445,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Daviesellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFE3E15AFFDB4FA6F" box="[404,544,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Daviesellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFD9D15AFFCA0FA6C" authority="Roubaud" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1906" box="[567,820,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFD9D15AFFD29FA6F" box="[567,701,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eusimulium</emphasis>
Roubaud
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFCED15AFFBF9FA6C" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[839,1133,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gomphostilbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFCED15AFFC7AFA6F" box="[839,1006,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFB2A15AFFA0CFA6C" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1974" box="[1152,1432,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Montisimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFB2A15AFFABEFA6F" box="[1152,1322,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Montisimulium</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFF3D15C0FE32FA30" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[151,422,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFF3D15C0FEBAFA33" box="[151,302,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nevermannia</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFE1815C3FD13FA30" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[434,647,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFE1815C3FD88FA33" box="[434,540,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
Latreille
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFD3915C3FC10FA30" authority="Takaoka" authorityName="Takaoka" authorityYear="1983" box="[659,900,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Wallacellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFD3915C3FC8AFA33" box="[659,798,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wallacellum</emphasis>
Takaoka
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFC1415C3FB3EFA30" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1921" box="[958,1194,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Wilhelmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFC1415C3FBA4FA33" box="[958,1072,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wilhelmia</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
). However, only four subgenera (
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFEB315E7FE31F9D7" box="[281,421,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Daviesellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFEB315E7FE31F9D7" box="[281,421,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Daviesellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFE1915E7FDCDF9D7" box="[435,601,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gomphostilbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFE1915E7FDCDF9D7" box="[435,601,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFDCD15E4FD6AF9D7" box="[615,766,1518,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFDCD15E4FD6AF9D7" box="[615,766,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFCDCA6DFC9E15E7FC0AF9D7" box="[820,926,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFCDCA6DFC9E15E7FC0AF9D7" box="[820,926,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are recorded from Peninsular Malaysia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>