treatments-xml/data/95/8B/16/958B1623C86E5320AB6DA41334FBEE1A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1154-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FCF0082703E1533990499C837170F224" ID-ZooBank="D949D6DA8CEC4B0DAFB28CE96097039B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1154-1" checkinTime="1679118262714" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="LaPolla, John S. &amp; Schneider, Scott A." docDate="2023" docId="958B1623C86E5320AB6DA41334FBEE1A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1154: 1-16" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1154" docPubDate="2023-03-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578" docTitle="Neochavesia podexuta Schneider &amp; LaPolla 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EA866C98-2812-44DC-8B50-0A59D80755B5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="FCF0082703E1533990499C837170F224" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FCF0082703E1533990499C837170F224" masterDocTitle="Trophobiosis between a new species of Acropyga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and new Neochavesia (Hemiptera, Xenococcidae) from Peru, and establishment of the Acropyga smithii species-group" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1679118262714" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Trophobiosis between a new species of Acropyga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and new Neochavesia (Hemiptera, Xenococcidae) from Peru, and establishment of the Acropyga smithii species-group</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>LaPolla, John S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-1527</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD, 21252, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jlapolla@towson.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schneider, Scott A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-8437</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1154</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>16</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1154-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D949D6DA8CEC4B0DAFB28CE96097039B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FCF0082703E1533990499C837170F224</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EA866C98-2812-44DC-8B50-0A59D80755B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/958B1623C86E5320AB6DA41334FBEE1A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/EA866C98-2812-44DC-8B50-0A59D80755B5" authority="Schneider &amp; LaPolla" authorityName="Schneider &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia podexuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podexuta" status="sp. nov.">Neochavesia podexuta Schneider &amp; LaPolla</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 14. Neochavesia podexuta sp. nov. Adult female, full body view, illustrated from the holotype and paratypes. Illustration by Taina Litwak (USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory) with edits by SAS." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826591" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N = 7</emphasis>
).
</emphasis>
In life, body bright white to cream colored and free of wax. Mounted on microscope slide, body elongate-pyriform, 1.35-1.58 mm long, 0.55-0.73 mm wide at widest point; head and thorax dilated with widest point at metathorax and abdominal segment I. Abdomen constricted after segment III; segments IV-VII gently tapering in width posteriorly with another constriction between segments VII and VIII. Dorsal posterior half of abdominal segment VIII sclerotized; anterior half membranous and free of setae, forming a distinctive bald patch; width of segment 145 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide. Anal lobes well developed and separated from abdominal segment VIII on venter and margins of dorsum by an intersegmental line. Anal lobes diverging with a roughly U-shaped notch between them, each rounded at posterior end. Dorsum of each anal lobe with numerous long flagellate setae, longest about 135 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, situated at posterior end, with those at anterior end about 35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; ventral surface with similar setae 32-90 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long. Anal ring roughly triangular, without cells or setae, 65 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide; anterior end lying along the intersegmental division that separates the anal lobes from abdominal segment VIII, posterior edge removed from the apical notch between lobes by about 1X length of anal ring. Long antennae widely spaced on dorsal head margin; basal segment set into a notch on the head and articulating; each with four segments, 652-663 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in overall length; average lengths of segments (base to apex) 56 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 297 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 95 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 215 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; the apical segment appearing partially divided, indicating an obsolete fifth segment; few flagellate setae on basal antennal segment, numerous such setae on all other segments, 30-55 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long. Legs well developed; average length of metatrochanter + femur 212 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long; metatibia + tarsus 150 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long; tarsus swollen basally and abruptly tapering; with metaclaw 70-80 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, longer than tarsus. Ratio of length of metatibia to tarsus, 1.60; leg segments with multiple stout flagellate setae. Labium 3-segmented, 147 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, longer than clypeolabral shield, 70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide; basal segment with three pairs of setae; eight pairs of setae on terminal segment. One round circulus present, situated towards center of abdominal segment II, 16 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, conical and projecting from derm, cup-shaped internally. Spiracles normal, 35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter at widest point.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.97578.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826591" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schneider &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia podexuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podexuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neochavesia podexuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Adult female, full body view, illustrated from the holotype and paratypes. Illustration by Taina Litwak (USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory) with edits by SAS.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Dorsal surface of head and thorax crowded with slender flagellate setae, about 17 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, few approaching 45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
at posterior end of metathorax, most with small setal collars, longer setae with slightly wider collars; abdominal segments with similar setae but less densely crowded after segment I; on each segment, setae at anterior end shorter and finer than posterior setae, ranging from 19-75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
on segment I, upwards of 95 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
on segments II-VI, shorter setae 25-40 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
on VII-VIII, longest setae on anal lobes, from 32-135 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Venter with similar setation; less densely crowded on head and with greater variation in setal lengths, 15-40 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; thoracic margin to submargin similar to dorsum; thoracic submedian similar to ventral head; abdominal segments I-IV similar to dorsum, segments V-VIII with shorter setae, anal lobes with numerous long setae but generally shorter than those found on dorsum. Pores and ducts absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05-31" collectorName="J. S. LaPolla, S. A. Schneider" country="Peru" latitude="-13.055" location="Manu Paradise Lodge" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-71.544" municipality="Las Cruces" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
female; 
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Las Cruces</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:958B1623C86E5320AB6DA41334FBEE1A:70E42B77C9F63C5B5E94DDCBDED4F823" country="Peru" latitude="-13.055" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-71.544" municipality="Las Cruces" name="Manu Paradise Lodge" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Manu Paradise Lodge</location>
, from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="LaPolla &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acropyga manuense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manuense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acropyga manuense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nest behind lodge, in soil around small rotting branches; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.055" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-13.055">13.055°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.544" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-71.544">71.544°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingDate value="2019-05-31">31.v.2019</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>J.S. LaPolla</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>S.A. Schneider</collectorName>
leg.; UNMSM (nest ID PER01-02; prep S0401E)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="J. S. LaPolla &amp; S. A. Schneider" country="Peru" latitude="-13.055" location="Peru" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-71.544" municipality="Las Cruces" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-adult="6" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="adult">6 adult</specimenCount>
females; same data as holotype; USNM (nest ID PER01-01; preps S0400A,B,C,D,E,F)
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="J. S. LaPolla &amp; S. A. Schneider" country="Peru" latitude="-13.055" location="Manu Paradise Lodge" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-71.544" municipality="Las Cruces" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-immature="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="immature">1 immature</specimenCount>
female; same data as holotype; USNM (nest ID PER01-02; prep S0401A)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="informal synonyms">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Informal synonyms.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species was previously referred to as &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Williams &amp; de Willink" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neochavesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
undescribed&quot; in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" author="Schneider, SA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="641 - 647" refId="B8" refString="Schneider, SA, Sodano, J, LaPolla, JS, 2022. Distinguishing symbiotic partners of Acropyga ants from free-living soil inhabitants. Neotropical Entomology 51 (4): 641 - 647, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" title="Distinguishing symbiotic partners of Acropyga ants from free-living soil inhabitants." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" volume="51" year="2022">Schneider et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The epithet is a noun in apposition, referring to the distinctive bald patch located just anterior to the anal opening. The Latin ' 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">podex</emphasis>
', meaning fundament/anus, was combined with ' 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">exutus</emphasis>
', meaning bared or stripped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schneider &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia podexuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podexuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neochavesia podexuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a distinctive bald patch on the dorsal anterior surface of abdominal segment VIII. On slide-mounted specimens, it often appears as though this segment, including the anal lobes, has become detached from the rest of the body although it is still intact. In life, species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Williams &amp; de Willink" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neochavesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hold their abdomen in a curled position over their dorsum, resembling the tail of a scorpion; this bald membranous patch is located where the cuticle would curve inward. Adult females of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schneider &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Xenococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neochavesia podexuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podexuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neochavesia podexuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. cephalonodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cephalonodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. cephalonodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. eversi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eversi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. eversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. iwokramae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="iwokramae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. iwokramae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. lapollai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lapollai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. lapollai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing antennae that articulate at the basal segment with a sclerotized prominence (forming a socket) on the head. They also lack a pair of setae on the middle labial segment, a characteristic shared among these species as well. The new species is most akin to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. eversi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eversi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. eversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the former can be distinguished from the latter by the bald patch on VIII described above and by their longer antennae. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. podexuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="podexuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. podexuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body is about 2.0-2.5 times longer than the antennae with the second segment almost 300 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long; whereas in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. eversi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eversi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. eversi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body is roughly 3.5 times the length of the antennae with the second segment only about 150 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Direct association between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. manuense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manuense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. manuense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. podexuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="podexuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. podexuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was confirmed by collecting ants and root mealybugs into a nest-box and observing interactions (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" author="Schneider, SA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="641 - 647" refId="B8" refString="Schneider, SA, Sodano, J, LaPolla, JS, 2022. Distinguishing symbiotic partners of Acropyga ants from free-living soil inhabitants. Neotropical Entomology 51 (4): 641 - 647, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" title="Distinguishing symbiotic partners of Acropyga ants from free-living soil inhabitants." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00948-9" volume="51" year="2022">Schneider et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Ants gathered root mealybugs into protective clusters within the nest-box and were observed actively tending them. These observations were made over a 48-hour period in field-based laboratory conditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>