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<document id="87880B61F38E8F5D976E20CBF3E0357E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3835.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44b48913-6e24-4fd6-8984-9b59a21bfc40" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251145" ID-ZooBank="E3F3FD5C-E526-4A66-911F-0FF5D692AAA8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460457312743" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zea, Sven, Rodríguez, Angélica &amp; Martínez, Ana María" docDate="2014" docId="336C1F6AD74CE73A4AD6FD00FC45FE7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03835p436.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3835 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathria (Thalysias) minuta" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="420" masterDocId="CF556712D75CE7294A41FFD8FF8CFFD1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="417" updateTime="1698302460107" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F51255543BEFD6CD840F69657ED90B00">Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6DDDEF7F3CE829DA7EE33695595EF52">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC4175912019356FED23406D23A023B8">Rodríguez, Angélica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="060D99F84600CCD9B056702B7A902236">Martínez, Ana María</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="691EFF4DA8EBE86A42A89914D83D0671">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="65D2B0D2644B4154900C03BFDBC778B5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB4C0AF48EB9F40A5DB83B73653B28A7">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="746E8EA67C85155462916F8E59D88A06" type="volume">
<mods:number id="56C0F36A28C3A05D7917898F9A81034B">3835</mods:number>
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<treatment id="336C1F6AD74CE73A4AD6FD00FC45FE7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6130513" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6130513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:336C1F6AD74CE73A4AD6FD00FC45FE7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/336C1F6AD74CE73A4AD6FD00FC45FE7D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D74CE7394AD6FD00FCACFC65" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394AD6FD00FD4DFD23" blockId="16.[151,705,728,787]" box="[151,705,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<heading id="E0321910D74CE7394AD6FD00FD4DFD23" bold="true" box="[151,705,728,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" reason="1">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FD00FD4DFD23" bold="true" box="[151,705,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394AD6FD00FE64FD23" ID-CoL="5YVYN" box="[151,488,728,754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FD00FE64FD23" bold="true" box="[151,488,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE739486CFD00FD35FD23" author="Soest" box="[557,697,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167." type="journal article" year="1984">Soest, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394AD6FD22FD99FCC3" blockId="16.[151,705,728,787]" box="[151,533,762,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<figureCitation id="23FEB2F9D74CE7394AD6FD22FE8EFCC2" box="[151,258,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[259,1348,216,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[204,1382,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Clathria (Thalysias) minuta. Schematic drawing of spicule types (A) and skeleton (B). (a) Choanosomal principal styles, (b) choanosomal and subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (c) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (d) echinating accessory acanthostyles, (e) wing-shaped toxa with recurved ends, (f) palmate chela, (g) section perpendicular to the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251154/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Figures 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23FEB2F9D74CE7394B4FFD23FEA1FCC2" box="[270,301,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1706,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,173,1685]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Clathria (Thalysias) minuta. SEM micrographs of spicules of a specimen from Santa Marta. (a) Choanosomal principal style, (b) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle (larger choanosomal and subectosomal ones were not found in the SEM preparation), (c) echinating accessory acanthostyles, (d) wing-shaped toxa, (e) palmate chelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251155/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">10</figureCitation>
; plate 2 figures A, B
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394AD6FC9AFD98FC47" blockId="16.[151,1271,834,949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
Synonymy in
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394B64FC9BFE7CFC89" author="Hooper" box="[293,496,834,856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian Species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper (1996: 410)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394BBAFC9AFD4FFC89" author="Muricy" box="[507,707,834,856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739480AFC9BFDF4FC89" box="[587,632,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">et al</emphasis>
. (2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 147) and
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE739496AFC9AFBFBFC89" author="Valderrama" box="[811,1143,834,856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Valderrama, D. &amp; Zea, S. (2013) Annotated checklist of sponges (Porifera) from the southernmost Caribbean reefs (north-west Gulf of Uraba), with description of new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 37 (144), 379 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">Valderrama and Zea (2013: 366)</bibRefCitation>
. In addition:
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394AD6FCB9FE24FCA6" box="[151,424,865,887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FCB9FE24FCA6" box="[151,424,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394B9EFCB9FD0AFCA6" author="Soest" box="[479,646,865,887]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Soest, R. M. W. van, Beglinger, E. J. &amp; Voogd, N. J. de (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87, 275 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">
Soest
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739485AFCBAFDC9FCA6" box="[539,581,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 335, fig. 30 (illustration of
<typeStatus id="647E10DED74CE73949D8FCBAFC48FCA6" box="[921,964,866,887]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">type</typeStatus>
material).
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394AD6FC58FECFFC47" box="[151,323,896,918]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FC58FECFFC47" box="[151,323,896,918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Clathria minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394B11FC58FE66FC47" author="Alcolado" box="[336,490,896,918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 64.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394AD6FC46FCACFC65" blockId="16.[151,1271,834,949]" box="[151,800,926,949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9BD58952D74CE7394AD6FC46FCACFC65" box="[151,800,926,949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FC46FEB1FC65" box="[151,317,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
?
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394AE1FC46FEB1FC65" ID-CoL="4S3V9" box="[160,317,926,948]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Rhaphidophlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutus">Rhaphidophlus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394B22FC78FE3FFC64" box="[355,435,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">minutus</emphasis>
; Kobluk and van
<treatmentCitation id="3A64886DD74CE7394828FC46FC90FC65" author="Soest" box="[617,796,926,948]" page="1216" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394828FC46FD50FC65" author="Soest" box="[617,732,926,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Kobluk, D. R. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1989) Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44 (3), 1207 - 1235." type="journal article" year="1989">Soest 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 1216
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D74CE7394AD6FC39FBF2F977" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394AD6FC39FF5AFB7F" blockId="16.[151,1437,993,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394AD6FC39FEF6FC2B" bold="true" box="[151,378,993,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="647E10DED74CE7394BC0FC39FE65FC2B" box="[385,489,993,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(as
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394858FC39FCAFFC28" box="[537,803,993,1018]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Rhaphidophlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394858FC39FCAFFC28" box="[537,803,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Rhaphidophlus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectionCode id="DDD436B9D74CE739497BFC3AFCF4FC2B" box="[826,888,994,1018]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="DDD436B9D74CE739493EFC39FC35FC2B" box="[895,953,993,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">POR</collectionCode>
.4796,
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394E42FC3AFBEFFC2B" box="[1027,1123,994,1018]" name="Curaçao" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE7394E2EFC3AFB3AFC28" box="[1135,1206,994,1018]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
off Hilton Hotel, on dead coral
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394B55FBDDFE1CFBCF" box="[276,400,1029,1054]" class="Anthozoa" family="Meandrinidae" genus="Meandrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394B55FBDDFE1CFBCF" box="[276,400,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Meandrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE7394BE0FBDEFE51FBCC" box="[417,477,1030,1054]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest,
<date id="CF7B88BCD74CE7394943FBDEFC17FBCF" box="[770,923,1030,1054]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="1980-12-13">13 Dec. 1980</date>
(tissue slides).
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394E0FFBDEFB50FBCC" box="[1102,1244,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394ED7FBDEFB50FBCC" box="[1174,1244,1030,1053]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Marta</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: INV-POR 1217 (Morro, reef terrace, on dead coral,
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE739486CFBF1FD1FFB90" box="[557,659,1065,1090]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 m</quantity>
,
<date id="CF7B88BCD74CE73948DEFBF1FCBEFB93" box="[671,818,1065,1090]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="1988-01-26">26 Jan. 1988</date>
), INV-POR 1218 (Punta de Betín, littoral overhanging rock,
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE7394A9DFB96FE83FBB4" box="[220,271,1102,1126]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
,
<date id="CF7B88BCD74CE7394B61FB96FE4AFBB7" box="[288,454,1102,1126]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="2012-03-27">27 Mar. 2012</date>
), Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE73948DEFB96FD69FBB4" box="[671,741,1102,1125]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Marta</collectingCountry>
, coll. S. Zea.
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE73949D5FB95FBB2FBB7" box="[916,1086,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Gulf of Urabá</emphasis>
: INV-POR 0 548 (material of
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394AD6FBA9FE22FB5B" author="Valderrama" box="[151,430,1137,1162]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Valderrama, D. &amp; Zea, S. (2013) Annotated checklist of sponges (Porifera) from the southernmost Caribbean reefs (north-west Gulf of Uraba), with description of new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 37 (144), 379 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">Valderrama &amp; Zea, 2013</bibRefCitation>
), Sapzurro, in crack within a flat of coral
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE739493DFBA9FBDFFB5B" box="[892,1107,1137,1162]" class="Anthozoa" family="Siderastreidae" genus="Siderastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siderea">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739493DFBA9FBDFFB5B" box="[892,1107,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Siderastrea siderea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE7394E20FBAAFB26FB58" box="[1121,1194,1138,1162]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
, coll. S. Zea,
<date id="CF7B88BCD74CE7394F00FBAAFF5EFB7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="1995-09-29">29 Sept. 1995</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394A86FB61FDFFFACB" blockId="16.[151,1437,993,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394A86FB61FDA2FB03" bold="true" box="[199,558,1209,1234]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Shape, color and consistency.</emphasis>
Very thin encrustations extending over several square centimeters; smooth, subdermal canals or oscules only slightly evident in some specimens. Color red to scarlet red. Consistency soft (specimens are too thin to be categorized).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394A86FAFDFBF2F977" blockId="16.[151,1437,993,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394A86FAFDFEB9FAEF" bold="true" box="[199,309,1317,1342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Pinacoderm supported by brushes of small auxiliary subtylostyles, sometimes very densely arranged. In a basal plate of sponging there are numerous, erect accessory acanthostyles. There are scattered basal thick principal styles, usually solitary, which are continued upwards by expanding tracts-brushes of choanosomal to subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyles, and then by the ectosomal brushes. Spicules (Table 1): (1) long, somewhat curved, basal principal styles, with slightly to strongly rugose and spiny heads, sometimes deformed down to the neck; ends slightly telescopic, 275–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394871FA02FDE3FA23" box="[560,623,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">394.7</emphasis>
–522 µm by 6.7–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394974FA02FCD4FA23" box="[821,856,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">9.5</emphasis>
–11.9 µm. (2) Straight auxiliary subtylostyles with smooth to slightly microspined heads; two size categories by spatial location: large, choanosomal to subectosomal ones, 299–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394B53F9FAFEDDF9EB" box="[274,337,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">333.9</emphasis>
–389 µm by 2.9–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394855F9FAFDBBF9EB" box="[532,567,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">3.8</emphasis>
–5.2 µm, small, ectosomal ones, 143–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE73949A6F9FAFBAAF9EB" box="[999,1062,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">223.3</emphasis>
–280 µm by 1.4–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394EABF9FAFA81F9EB" box="[1258,1293,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">2.4</emphasis>
–4.8 µm. (3) Slightly curved, slender, echinating accessory acanthostyles, spined all over and often without a distinct apical engrossment of spines; wide range of sizes, 67–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE73948EAF9B2FD66F953" box="[683,746,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">101.7</emphasis>
–176 µm by 4.3–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE73949E6F9B2FC46F953" box="[935,970,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">5.2</emphasis>
–7.1 µm. (4) Thin, wing-shaped toxa with much curved ends, 55–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394BDAF955FE40F977" box="[411,460,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">66.9</emphasis>
–103 µm. (5) Narrow, palmate isochelae, 16.1–
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739499AF956FB80F977" box="[987,1036,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">17.5</emphasis>
–19.6 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D74CE7394A86F969FDE8F88B" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE7394A86F969FDE8F88B" blockId="16.[151,1437,993,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394A86F969FE7EF91B" bold="true" box="[199,498,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
From
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE739487AF969FCDFF91B" author="Valderrama" box="[571,851,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Valderrama, D. &amp; Zea, S. (2013) Annotated checklist of sponges (Porifera) from the southernmost Caribbean reefs (north-west Gulf of Uraba), with description of new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 37 (144), 379 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">Valderrama &amp; Zea (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and additions:
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE73949B9F969FBEEF91B" box="[1016,1122,1713,1738]" name="Bahamas" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394E2CF969FB24F91B" box="[1133,1192,1713,1738]" name="Cuba" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(also
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394EAAF969FA1CF91B" author="Alcolado" box="[1259,1424,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394AD6F90EFF79F93F" box="[151,245,1750,1774]" name="Curaçao" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394B47F90DFEF8F93F" box="[262,372,1749,1774]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Gulf of Urabá, Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE73948D6F90EFD51F93F" box="[663,733,1750,1774]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Marta</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE73948B6F90DFCB7F93F" box="[759,827,1749,1774]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Brazil</collectingCountry>
[northeast (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago) to southeastern
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394B71F921FEF8F8C3" box="[304,372,1785,1810]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Arraial do Cabo)]. A report from Tropical West Africa (van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394E2EF922FB7FF8C3" author="Soest" box="[1135,1267,1786,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) Distribution of sponges on the Mauritanian continental shelf. Hydrobiologia, 258, 95 - 106. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00006189" type="journal article" year="1993">Soest 1993</bibRefCitation>
) was recently described as new, vis.
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE7394BD1F8C5FD7AF8E7" box="[400,758,1821,1846]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutoides" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394BD1F8C5FD7AF8E7" box="[400,758,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Clathria (Thalysias) minutoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE739496DF8C6FC7CF8E7" author="Soest" box="[812,1008,1821,1846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Soest, R. M. W. van, Beglinger, E. J. &amp; Voogd, N. J. de (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87, 275 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">
Soest
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739492EF8C6FC2BF8E7" box="[879,935,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
. It inhabits littoral rocks and coral reefs (shallow to deep, recorded down to
<quantity id="7C3D0399D74CE739485CF89AFDDBF88B" box="[541,599,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D74CE73A4A86F8BDFC45FE7D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74CE73A4A86F8BDFC66FF29" blockId="16.[151,1437,993,1990]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE7394A86F8BDFEB7F8AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1893,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Remarks.</emphasis>
Our specimens from Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74CE7394832F8BEFD3AF8AC" box="[627,694,1894,1917]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Marta</collectingCountry>
concur with the
<typeStatus id="647E10DED74CE7394933F8BEFC2EF8AF" box="[882,930,1894,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">type</typeStatus>
material (also compared with a SEM spicule plate kindly sent by R.W.M. van Soest, pictured in van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74CE7394957F852FC56F873" author="Soest" box="[790,986,1929,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" refString="Soest, R. M. W. van, Beglinger, E. J. &amp; Voogd, N. J. de (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87, 275 - 404." type="journal article" year="2013">
Soest
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE739491AF852FC19F873" box="[859,917,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 30). This species can be separated from other thinly encrusting, red to orange to scarlet Greater Caribbean
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74CE73949FDF875FB97F817" box="[956,1051,1965,1990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74CE73949FDF875FB97F817" box="[956,1051,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of acanthostyles in a wide range of sizes (perhaps in two distinct categories). From the various spicule combinations,
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4F6AF8FEFA10F8EC" box="[1323,1436,1830,1853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4F6AF8FEFA10F8EC" box="[1323,1436,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems rather similar to
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4BE9F892FC16F8B3" authority="Hooper, 1996" authorityName="Hooper" authorityYear="1996" box="[424,922,1865,1890]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="campecheae" subGenus="Microciona">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4BE9F892FD78F8B3" box="[424,756,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. (Microciona) campecheae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74EE73B48BFF892FC16F8B3" author="Hooper" box="[766,922,1865,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian Species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[new name for Greater Caribbean C.
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4F17F891FEC0F854" authority="Topsent, 1889" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1889" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4F17F891FA10F8B0" box="[1366,1436,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">affinis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74EE73B4ADFF8B5FECFF854" author="Topsent" box="[158,323,1901,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refString="Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52." type="journal article" year="1889">Topsent, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see also van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74EE73B4BB8F8B5FDF0F854" author="Soest" box="[505,636,1901,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167." type="journal article" year="1984">Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
), preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B490FF8B6FBDEF854" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[846,1106,1901,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B490FF8B6FC34F854" box="[846,952,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. affinis</emphasis>
Carter, 1880
</taxonomicName>
from the Indian Ocean (see
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74EE73B4AD6F84AFEA3F87B" author="Hooper" box="[151,303,1937,1962]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian Species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper 1996</bibRefCitation>
)], especially in the similarly sized and shaped toxa. The latter species can be distinguished by having a single category of larger etosomal tylostyles and the acanthostyles not reaching such large sizes. We have not yet found
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4AA7F802FE1BF823" box="[230,407,2009,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="campecheae">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4AA7F802FE1BF823" box="[230,407,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. campecheae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Colombian waters, although it has been listed as
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4E65F802FB1DF820" box="[1060,1169,2009,2033]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4E65F802FB1DF820" box="[1060,1169,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74EE73B4F6EF802FAFEF820" box="[1327,1394,2010,2033]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Marta</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A4AD6FF4FFE50FF61" author="Rozemeijer" box="[151,476,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Rozemeijer, M. &amp; Dulfer, W. (1987) A quantitative analysis of the cryptofauna of the Santa Marta area (Colombia). Stage research thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 48 pp." type="book" year="1987">Rozemeijer &amp; Dulfer (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and Aerts &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A48EAFF40FCB1FF61" author="Soest" box="[683,829,152,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Aerts, L. A. M. &amp; Soest R. W. M. van (1987) Quantification of sponge / coral interactions in a physically stressed reef community, NE Colombia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 148, 125 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 148125" type="journal article" year="1987">Soest (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, whose material was identified by R.W.M. van Soest himself. van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A4B76FF64FD96FF05" box="[311,538,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Soest, R. M. W. van, Beglinger, E. J. &amp; Voogd, N. J. de (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87, 275 - 404." type="journal article">
Soest
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A4BC0FF65FE4CFF04" box="[385,448,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
described sister species
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74FE73A490BFF64FB32FF04" box="[842,1214,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutoides" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A490BFF64FB32FF04" box="[842,1214,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Clathria (Thalysias) minutoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from NW Africa, distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74FE73A4B30FF38FE53FF29" box="[369,479,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A4B30FF38FE53FF29" box="[369,479,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">C. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the apices of the toxa finely spined.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EFBAFEF4D74DE7384AD6F884FAACF861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251154/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" targetBox="[259,1348,216,1852]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74DE7384AD6F884FAACF861" blockId="17.[151,1436,1884,1968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74DE7384AD6F884FE9EF8A3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1884,1906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74DE7384B58F884FDBFF8A2" box="[281,563,1884,1907]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74DE7384B58F884FDBFF8A2" box="[281,563,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Schematic drawing of spicule types (A) and skeleton (B). (a) Choanosomal principal styles, (b) choanosomal and subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (c) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (d) echinating accessory acanthostyles, (e) wing-shaped toxa with recurved ends, (f) palmate chela, (g) section perpendicular to the surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EFBAFEF4D74EE73B4AD6F972FBDFF92C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251155/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" targetBox="[151,1436,176,1684]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74EE73B4AD6F972FBDFF92C" blockId="18.[151,1436,1706,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4AD6F972FEADF911" bold="true" box="[151,289,1706,1728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74EE73B4B68F972FDCBF911" box="[297,583,1706,1728]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74EE73B4B68F972FDCBF911" box="[297,583,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM micrographs of spicules of a specimen from Santa Marta. (a) Choanosomal principal style, (b) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle (larger choanosomal and subectosomal ones were not found in the SEM preparation), (c) echinating accessory acanthostyles, (d) wing-shaped toxa, (e) palmate chelae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD74FE73A4A86FEDCFC45FE7D" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
The record of
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74FE73A4B33FEDCFD2BFECD" box="[370,679,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Rhaphidophlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A4B33FEDCFD97FECC" box="[370,539,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Rhaphidophlus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A480FFEDDFD2BFECD" box="[590,679,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Kobluk &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A49CAFEDCFB91FECD" author="Soest" box="[907,1053,260,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Kobluk, D. R. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1989) Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44 (3), 1207 - 1235." type="journal article" year="1989">Soest (1989)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74FE73A4E2BFEDCFB4FFECC" box="[1130,1219,260,285]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
caves needs to be confirmed as these authors mentioned that their specimen differs from the
<typeStatus id="647E10DED74FE73A49BCFEF0FBA1FE91" box="[1021,1069,296,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">type</typeStatus>
in the shape of the toxa, being straight-angled instead of softly to deeply curved. Brazilian records of
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD74FE73A49A5FE94FAA4FEB5" box="[996,1320,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A49A5FE94FAA4FEB5" box="[996,1320,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(listed in
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A4AD6FEB7FEF4FE59" author="Muricy" box="[151,376,367,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A4AB4FEA9FEA5FE59" box="[245,297,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 147) are all from checklists. In contrast to Santa
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74FE73A4991FEA8FB9FFE56" box="[976,1043,368,391]" name="Malta" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Marta</collectingCountry>
material,
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD74FE73A4ECDFEB7FB7FFE59" box="[1164,1267,367,392]" name="Bahamas" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
specimen had distinct star pattern of the canal system and oscules (see
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD74FE73A4951FE4DFC31FE7D" author="Zea" box="[784,957,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Zea, S., Henkel, T. P. &amp; Pawlik, J. R. (2009) The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges. Available from www. spongeguide. org (accessed 22 May 2014)" type="journal article" year="2009">
Zea
<emphasis id="89B1726ED74FE73A4900FE4DFCFEFE7C" box="[833,882,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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