415 lines
51 KiB
XML
415 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.516.9776" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce69b504-dc4d-4cff-9a9a-cd7ed1de084d" ID-PMC="PMC4547369" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-516-71" ID-PubMed="26312020" ID-ZBK="04E5693FBB6344978137FB322A8E3349" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-516-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 516" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Noblella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, Peru" checkinTime="1451244071895" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Catenazzi, Alessandro, Uscapi, Vanessa & May, Rudolf von" docDate="2015" docId="2F4E3F6E4075258409710D10E3DC9C2C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 516: 71-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 516" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.516.9776" docTitle="Noblella madreselva Catenazzi, Uscapi & May, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8B7C4133-4482-4D24-8F5A-6E389AE52BA8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="B341FFDCFFE00B198D139818FFD1D601" masterDocTitle="A new species of Noblella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1668160572631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Noblella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Catenazzi, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Uscapi, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>May, Rudolf von</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>516</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:end>84</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.516.9776</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.516.9776</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-516-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">04E5693FBB6344978137FB322A8E3349</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">04E5693FBB6344978137FB322A8E3349</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152060887" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B7C4133-4482-4D24-8F5A-6E389AE52BA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F4E3F6E4075258409710D10E3DC9C2C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Taxon classification Animalia Anura Craugastoridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8B7C4133-4482-4D24-8F5A-6E389AE52BA8" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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(Figs 1-3). CORBIDI 15769, an adult male (Figs 2, 3) from
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.833222">12°49'59.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.80214">72°48'07.7"W</geoCoordinate>
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(WGS84), Madre Selva, 2330-2370 m, Distrito Santa Ana, Provincia
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">La</pageBreakToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Convención">Convencion</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
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Cusco, Peru, collected by V. Uscapi, L. Salas Montesinos and V. Mamani Ccoyllolle on 10 January 2011.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 1. Map of Peru indicating the type localities of Peruvian and southern Ecuadorian species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (asterisk),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella personina" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personina">Noblella personina</taxonomicName>
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(diamond),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lochites" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">Noblella lochites</taxonomicName>
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(black star),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">Noblella duellmani</taxonomicName>
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(pentagon),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
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(black circle),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
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(white circle),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
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(white star),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella peruviana" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Noblella peruviana</taxonomicName>
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(white square), and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
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(triangle). Also shown is the type locality of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
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(black square; see text for explanation).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 2. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male CORBIDI 15769 (SVL 15.6 mm) in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and dorsolateral (C) views. Paratopotype, female CORBIDI 15770 (SVL 17.6 mm) in dorsal (D), ventral (E) and dorsolateral (F) views. Photographs by A. Catenazzi.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 3. Ventral views of hand (A) and foot (B) of holotype, CORBIDI 15769 (hand length 3.0 mm, foot length 6.7 mm), and ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D) of paratopotype, CORBIDI 15770 (hand length 3.7 mm, foot length 7.7 mm) of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Photographs by A. Catenazzi.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="paratopotype">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Paratopotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">(Fig. 2). CORBIDI 15770, an adult female (Figs 2, 3) collected by V. Uscapi, L. Salas Montesinos and V. Mamani Ccoyllolle on 10 January 2011.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="generic placement">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Generic placement.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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A new species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
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as defined by
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<bibRefCitation author="Heyer, WR" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="141 - 162" title="Taxonomic notes on frogs from the Madeira and Purus rivers, Brazil." volume="8" year="1977">Heyer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="De la Riva, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="67 - 68" title="The taxonomic status of Phyllonastes Heyer and Phrynopusperuvianus (Noble) (Lissamphibia, Anura): resurrection of Noblella Barbour." volume="1685" year="2008 b">De la Riva et al. (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 182" title="New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation." volume="1737" year="2008">Hedges et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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. Frogs of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
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are morphologically similar and closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Barycholos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barycholos" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barycholos</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Heinicke, MP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="10092 - 10097" title="Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal." url="10.1073/pnas.0611051104" volume="104" year="2007">Heinicke et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 182" title="New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation." volume="1737" year="2008">Hedges et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). The new species is assigned to
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
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rather than
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Barycholos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barycholos" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barycholos</taxonomicName>
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(characters in parentheses), because it lacks dentigerous processes of the vomers (present), has Finger I shorter than Finger II (Finger I> Finger II), and has low, rounded subarticular tubercles (subarticular tubercles elevated).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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A new species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
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characterized by (1) skin on dorsum bearing small tubercles, skin on belly smooth to finely areolate, discoidal fold absent, dorsolateral folds on anterior half part of body; (2) tympanic membrane not differentiated, tympanic annulus barely visible below skin; (3) snout short, rounded in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in profile; (4) upper eyelid with minute tubercles, narrower than IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous process of vomers absent; (6) vocal slits present; nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; tips of digits rounded; Finger IV having three phalanges; (8) fingers with narrow lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles small, round; (10) heel and tarsus lacking tubercles (11) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, of higher relief and about one and a half times the size of conical, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles absent; (12) toes bearing narrow lateral fringes; webbing absent; Toe V shorter than Toe III; tips of digits not expanded, weakly acuminate distally; circumferential grooves absent; (13) dorsum tan to dull brown with or without dark brown markings; diffuse brown suprainguinal stripes, when present, do not reach the inguinal region; a yellow-orange middorsal line, when present, extends from mid of body to cloaca and continues on the posterior surface of thighs; interorbital bar present; venter black with large, irregularly shaped white mark; proximal areas of legs red ventrally; (14) SVL 15.6 mm in a male, 17.6 mm in a female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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The new species differs from known species in the genus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Harvey, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 14" title="A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with comments on Noblellalochites (Lynch)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.1" volume="3635" year="2013">Harvey et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) by having a unique pattern of chest and belly coloration consisting of a broad, irregularly shaped white mark on black background (Figs 2, 4).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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has three phalanges on Finger IV and differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella carrascoicola" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrascoicola">Noblella carrascoicola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lochites" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">Noblella lochites</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella ritarasquinae" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ritarasquinae">Noblella ritarasquinae</taxonomicName>
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which have two phalanges on Finger IV (
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<bibRefCitation author="De La Riva, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="325 - 329" title="A new minute leptodactylid frog, genus Phyllonastes, from humid montane forests of Bolivia." url="10.2307/1565445" volume="32" year="1998">
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De La Riva and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, J" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="47 - 53" title="A new species of Phyllonastes Heyer from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on Phyllonastescarrascoicola." volume="23" year="2000">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Guayasamin and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Terán-Valdez">Teran-Valdez</normalizedToken>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harvey, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 14" title="A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with comments on Noblellalochites (Lynch)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.1" volume="3635" year="2013">Harvey et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Among the other six species with three phalanges on Finger IV, it differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella coloma" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">Noblella coloma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella peruviana" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Noblella peruviana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="De La Riva, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="325 - 329" title="A new minute leptodactylid frog, genus Phyllonastes, from humid montane forests of Bolivia." url="10.2307/1565445" volume="32" year="1998">
|
|
De La Riva and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
|
1998
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
|
|
Guayasamin and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Terán-Valdez">Teran-Valdez</normalizedToken>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) by lacking inguinal spots (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
has diffuse suprainguinal stripes that do not reach the inguinal region). The three remaining species,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">Noblella duellmani</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella personina" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personina">Noblella personina</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
, either lack a facial mask and lateral dark band (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">Noblella duellmani</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
), or have a facial mask but lack a lateral dark band extending to the inguinal region (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella personina" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personina">Noblella personina</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Harvey, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 14" title="A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with comments on Noblellalochites (Lynch)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.1" volume="3635" year="2013">Harvey et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="74" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
|
facial mask and dark lateral band in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
are dark brown and extend from the tip of the snout to the inguinal region.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
|
|
The new species further differs from known Peruvian species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
|
|
by lacking a tympanic membrane (present in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
), by
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="75" start="start">bearing</pageBreakToken>
|
|
small tubercles on the upper eyelid (absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella peruviana" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Noblella peruviana</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and small tubercles on dorsum (dorsum finely shagreen in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella peruviana" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Noblella peruviana</taxonomicName>
|
|
), by lacking tarsal tubercles or folds (inner surface of tarsus bearing one prominent tubercle in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and N. peruviana), and by having the tips of digits not expanded (slightly expanded in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">Noblella duellmani</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Noblella heyeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella lynchi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Noblella lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The species is much larger in SVL (female 17.6 mm) than
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
(largest known female 13.6 mm) and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
(largest known female 12.4 mm).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Amazonian lowlands in having tips of toes not expanded (tips of toes slightly expanded, teardrop-shaped in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and in lacking circumferential grooves (present in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella myrmecoides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">Noblella myrmecoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
|
Figure 4. Dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) views of two uncollected specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. taken at the type locality. Scale not available, but specimens likely measure ~15-18 mm in SVL. Photographs by V. Uscapi.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
|
new species was also compared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Unlike other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psychrophrynella</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a fold-like tarsal tubercle, weakly pointed toes and fingers, a prominent conical outer metatarsal tubercle, dark brown flanks, a dark brown facial mask and lateral band extending from the tip of snout to the flanks, no nuptial pads and no vomerine teeth, small size and slender body with relatively long arms and legs, all characteristics that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares with many species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Noblella</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lehr, E" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="331 - 347" title="Taxonomic status of some species of Peruvian Phrynopus (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of a new species from the Andes of Southern Peru." url="10.1655/0018-0831(2006)62[331:tsosso]2.0.co;2" volume="62" year="2006">Lehr 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="76">De La Riva et al. 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
|
|
(traits in parentheses) in having small tubercles on dorsum (skin shagreen), no discoidal fold (present), no tarsal tubercle (prominent sickle-shaped tubercle present), in having a broad dark brown mark on dorsum (longitudinal stripes) and an irregularly shaped, large white mark on venter (venter orange brown with light gray flecks).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
|
Thirteen other small species of craugastorid frogs lacking circumferential grooves are known to occur in montane forests and high Andean grasslands south of the Apurimac canyon in Peru:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella bagrecito" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagrecito">Psychrophrynella bagrecito</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella boettgeri" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">Psychrophrynella boettgeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella usurpator" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">Psychrophrynella usurpator</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne abramalagae" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abramalagae">Bryophryne abramalagae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne bustamantei" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bustamantei">Bryophryne bustamantei</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne cophites" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cophites">Bryophryne cophites</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne flammiventris" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammiventris">Bryophryne flammiventris</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne gymnotis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnotis">Bryophryne gymnotis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne hanssaueri" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanssaueri">Bryophryne hanssaueri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne nubilosus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubilosus">Bryophryne nubilosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne zonalis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonalis">Bryophryne zonalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella peruviana" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Noblella peruviana</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
. None of these species has the unique ventral coloration of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and all but
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella pygmaea" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
are larger in size. Furthermore, the new species differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella usurpator" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">Psychrophrynella usurpator</taxonomicName>
|
|
in lacking a tarsal fold, and from species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryophryne</taxonomicName>
|
|
(characters in parentheses) in having a tympanum (absent except for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne flammiventris" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammiventris">Bryophryne flammiventris</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Bryophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryophryne gymnotis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnotis">Bryophryne gymnotis</taxonomicName>
|
|
), T-shaped terminal phalanges (knob-shaped), toe V shorter than toe III (about equal in length), no nuptial pads (present or absent), small size and slender body with longer limbs (larger size with stubby body and short limbs).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="description of holotype">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Adult male (15.6 mm SVL); head narrower than body, its length 32.5% of SVL; head slightly longer than wide; head width 29.9% of SVL; snout short, rounded in dorsal view, subtruncate in lateral view (Fig. 2), eye large, 37% of head length, its diameter 1.6 times as large as its distance from the nostril; nostrils not protuberant, situated close to snout; canthus rostralis slightly curved in dorsal view, rounded in profile; lores flat; lips rounded; dorsal surface of head and upper eyelids with small tubercles; upper eyelid width 70.0% of interorbital distance; supratympanic fold short; tympanic membrane absent, tympanic annulus not visible; one long, enlarged postrictal ridge on each side of head. Choanae round, very small, positioned far anterior and laterally, widely separated from each other, slightly concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomer and vomerine teeth absent; tongue long and narrow, about 3 three times as long as wide.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
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Skin on dorsum with small tubercles, denser posteriorly; narrow dorsolateral folds extend from posterior margin of eye to about mid of body; skin on flanks smooth; skin on ventral surfaces and gular regions smooth to finely areolate; pectoral fold present, discoidal fold not evident; cloaca protuberant; cloacal region bearing several small tubercles. Outer surface of forearm brachium with a row of small tubercles; palmar tubercle flat and oval, approximately twice the size of elongate, thenar tubercle; low supernumerary palmar tubercles present; subarticular tubercles prominent, ovoid in ventral view, rounded in lateral view, largest at base of fingers; fingers with narrow lateral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="77" start="start">fringes</pageBreakToken>
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; Finger IV has three phalanges; when adpressed, Finger 3> 4> 2> 1 (Fig. 3); tips of digits rounded, circumferential grooves absent (Fig. 3); forearm lacks tubercles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Hindlimb lengths moderate, tibia length 47.1% of SVL; foot length 42.7% of SVL; upper and posterior surfaces of hindlimbs tubercular; heel with one small, round tubercle; outer surface of tarsus without tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle, oval, of higher relief and about one and a half times the size of conical, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; low plantar supernumerary tubercles present; subarticular tubercles rounded, ovoid in dorsal view; toes with narrow lateral fringes, basal webbing absent; toe tips slightly acuminate, circumferential grooves absent; digital tip of Toe V smaller than tips of Toes III-IV; when adpressed, relative lengths of toes: 4> 3> 5> 2> 1 (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Measurements of holotype and paratopotype are provided in Table 1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="coloration of holotype in alcohol">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Coloration of holotype in alcohol.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs grayish tan, with a broad, dark brown and irregularly shaped middorsal mark. The interorbital bar is a narrow dark stripe that separates the light gray coloration on top of the head from the generally darker gray tan coloration posterior to the eyelids. Suprainguinal marks are diffuse and narrow and do not reach the inguinal region. The dorsal surfaces of hind limbs have transverse dark bars. The facial mask and dark lateral band are dark brown and extend from the tip of the snout along the flanks almost reaching the point of insertion of thighs. The iris is dark gray. The throat is pale brown with minute cream spots. The chest and belly is dark brown with a broad, irregularly shaped white mark. The ventral surfaces of thighs are beige with small cream spots; posterior surfaces with narrow, pale gray stripe from cloaca diagonally to inside of knee; plantar and palmar surfaces and tips of digits are brown, completely lacking cream spots.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="coloration of holotype in life">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="78" start="start">Coloration</pageBreakToken>
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of holotype in life.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Coloration in life is based on field notes and photographs taken by V. Uscapi (Fig. 4) of four uncollected specimens found at the type locality. The dorsum is dull grayish tan with or without a broad and irregularly shaped middorsal dark brown mark. Three individuals have narrow and diffuse brown suprainguinal marks that do not reach the inguinal region. A dark brown interorbital bar separates the dorsal coloration from the lighter coloration on dorsal surface of head. There is a narrow, orange to reddish middorsal line extending from the tip of the snout to the cloaca, and from the cloaca along the posterior side of thighs to the knee. There are dark brown transverse bars on the dorsal surface of limbs. The sides of the head and flanks are dark brown, bordered above by a narrow tan stripe. The iris is bronze with black flecks. The throat is brown with minute white spots, whereas the belly is black reddish with one or two broad, irregularly shaped white marks surrounded by small white spots. The ventral surfaces of limbs are red with small white spots.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">The name of the new species is a toponym and is used in apposition to refer to the type locality and to the name of the lodge Madre Selva created near the type locality. Ecotourism can contribute to biodiversity conservation by promoting a sustainable use of fragile ecosystems such as humid montane forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="distribution, natural history, and threats">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="79" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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, natural history, and threats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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The new species was found during surveys in the humid montane forest conducted in January 2011. Three observers made intensive visual searches under rocks, logs, in the leaf litter and the understory during mornings (9h00-12h00) and evenings (18h30-24h00). Specimens of the new species were observed active in the leaf litter during the day. Field notes indicate that the species was only found at one of six sampling sites in the area. At this site,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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was the most common amphibian. Sympatric species include
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis pharangobates" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pharangobates">Pristimantis pharangobates</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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sp., and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Psychrophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychrophrynella" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psychrophrynella</taxonomicName>
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sp. Other species found around the type locality are
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nymphargus pluvialis" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">Nymphargus pluvialis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrotheca excubitor" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">Gastrotheca cf. excubitor</taxonomicName>
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. The conservation status of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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is unknown, but according to the IUCN Red List criteria and categories (
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<bibRefCitation author="Heyer, WR" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. - Version 10.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2013">IUCN 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), and given the limited information on its geographic range, this species could provisionally be considered to be in the "Data Deficient" category. The main threats faced by
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noblella madreselva" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madreselva">Noblella madreselva</taxonomicName>
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are habitat loss and modification associated with agricultural activities in the region, which are primarily dominated by cultivation of coffee, tea and other crops. These land use changes are particularly detrimental for montane forest species with limited geographic or elevational distribution (
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<bibRefCitation author="Catenazzi, A" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="509 - 517" title="Thermal physiology, disease and amphibian declines in the eastern slopes of the Andes." url="10.1111/cobi.12194" volume="28" year="2014">Catenazzi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |