224 lines
29 KiB
XML
224 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="32161CB828A6E2A7E9972BC81C81A293" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352660" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208527114" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dunford, James C." docDate="2009" docId="03FC87C67B1BFF87FF6CF935FECFDCAD" docLanguage="en" docName="0090.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (90)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Speyeria hesperis subsp. electa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFC5FFBE7B32FFADFFACFFD0FFFED816" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1699186102529" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="5AC4422901CF89BBF6DC92FC3CB6A93E">Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04EB77D02E19C40B754480983F57FCCE">Dunford, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="96C4B4EE3C6D998DC787DF4BC635F5D2">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5D3730319F0C99E5255B1F8244BCDAAA">
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<mods:date id="DC413E09462FBD096FFA080A00A80C87">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3E506F9071971E3912BB8E5EFEE9BE0">2009-09-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="874232E9948390CDB8939E2CEBE40F89">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="781D9CF5A39D5E56072314A75E174EA8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="093E1B319A908B470808853364B994B8">90</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FBBE02F5F27F53B3FFD6405A6BEEF74D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FB99DFFE442D131CFE8A31A15D30CA2B">74</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="479C3E662A6A5A3CE4078DCD80ECF5B0" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FC87C67B1BFF87FF6CF935FECFDCAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B1BFF87FF6CF935FECFDCAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87C67B1BFF87FF6CF935FECFDCAD" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1BFF84FF6CF935FD20DEED" box="[192,734,1763,1788]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1BFF84FF6CF935FD20DEED" blockId="41.[192,734,1763,1819]" box="[192,734,1763,1788]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0A281BC7B1BFF84FF6CF935FD20DEED" bold="true" box="[192,734,1763,1788]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1BFF84FF6CF935FD20DEED" ID-CoL="4YKGH" authority="(Edwards, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[192,734,1763,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="electa">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1BFF84FF6CF935FD20DEED" bold="true" box="[192,734,1763,1788]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1BFF84FF6CF935FDFFDEEA" bold="true" box="[192,513,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Speyeria hesperis electa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1BFF84FDA3F933FD28DEED" author="Edwards, W. H." box="[527,726,1763,1787]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="142 - 144" refId="ref36682" refString="Edwards, W. H. 1878. Descriptions of new species of North American Lepidoptera. Field and Forest 3: 142 - 144." type="journal article" year="1878">Edwards, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1BFF84FF6CF8D3FE96DF0D" box="[192,360,1795,1819]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1BFF84FF6CF8D3FE96DF0D" blockId="41.[192,734,1763,1819]" box="[192,360,1795,1819]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A557B1BFF84FF64F8D3FE9EDF0D" box="[200,352,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figure 41-45" captionStartId="73.[192,276,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[192,1443,192,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@73.[192,1444,192,1614]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41-45. Type images for Speyeria spp.; dorsal, ventral, and label images. 41) Speyeria hesperis electa lectotype, described as Argynnis Electa, male, CMNH. 42) Speyeria hesperis nikias lectotype, described as Argynnis nikias, male, CMNH. Now synonymized under Speyeria hesperis electa (Scott et al. 1998). 43) Speyeria hesperis schellbachi holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis schellbachi, male, LACM. 44) Speyeria hesperis nausicaa lectotype, described as Argynnis Nausicaa, male, CMNH. 45) Speyeria hesperis dorothea holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis dorothea, male, AMNH. Images 41-42 and 44-45 by James C. Dunford; 43 by Weiping Xie." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352686/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Figure 41-42</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1BFF87FF6CF894FBBCD96D" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1BFF84FF6CF894FD80DF4D" blockId="41.[192,1202,1859,1915]" box="[192,638,1859,1883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511FE7B1BFF84FF6CF894FD80DF4D" box="[192,638,1859,1883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410C17B1BFF84FF6CF894FD84DF4D" author="Edwards, W. H." box="[192,634,1859,1883]" page="143" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" year="1878">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1BFF84FF6CF894FD84DF4D" ID-CoL="93QR6" authority="Edwards, 1878: 143" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1878" box="[192,634,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electa">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1BFF84FF6CF894FE7CDF4D" box="[192,386,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Argynnis Electa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1BFF84FE2BF893FD84DF4D" author="Edwards, W. H." box="[391,634,1859,1883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="142 - 144" refId="ref36682" refString="Edwards, W. H. 1878. Descriptions of new species of North American Lepidoptera. Field and Forest 3: 142 - 144." type="journal article" year="1878">Edwards, 1878: 143</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1BFF87FF6CF8B4FC4AD8CD" blockId="41.[192,1202,1859,1915]" lastBlockId="42.[192,1384,195,315]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511FE7B1BFF87FF6CF8B4FC4AD8CD" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410C17B1BFF84FF6CF8B4FD6DDF6D" author="Edwards, W. H." box="[192,659,1891,1915]" page="106" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" year="1892">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1BFF84FF6CF8B4FD6DDF6D" ID-CoL="5VQTG" authority="Edwards, 1892: 106" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1892" box="[192,659,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1BFF84FF6CF8B4FE60DF6D" box="[192,414,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Argynnis Cornelia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1BFF84FE08F8B3FD6DDF6D" author="Edwards, W. H." box="[420,659,1891,1915]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="105 - 111" refId="ref37019" refString="Edwards, W. H. 1892. Miscellaneous notes on butterflies, larvae, etc. The Canadian Entomologist 24: 105 - 111." type="journal article" year="1892">Edwards, 1892: 106</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1BFF84FCC6F8B3FB58DF6D" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[874,1190,1891,1915]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FF6CFF14FDA3D8CD" ID-CoL="4YKGH" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" box="[192,605,195,219]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atlantis" subSpecies="electa">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFF14FE27D8CD" box="[192,473,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Speyeria atlantis electa</emphasis>
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(Edwards)
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FDC6FF13FC56D8CD" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[618,936,195,219]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFF34FCF6D8ED" blockId="42.[192,1384,195,315]" box="[192,776,227,251]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511FE7B18FF87FF6CFF34FCF6D8ED" box="[192,776,227,251]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410C17B18FF87FF6CFF34FD8DD8ED" author="Ehrmann, G. A." box="[192,627,227,251]" page="55" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="1917">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FF6CFF34FD8DD8ED" ID-CoL="9BYQ8" authority="Ehrmann, 1917: 55" authorityName="Ehrmann" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1917" box="[192,627,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nikias">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFF34FE7DD8ED" box="[192,387,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Argynnis nikias</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FE24FF33FD8DD8ED" author="Ehrmann, G. A." box="[392,627,227,251]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="54 - 56" refId="ref37069" refString="Ehrmann, G. A. 1917. Some new North American butterflies. Lepidopterist 1: 54 - 56." type="journal article" year="1917">Ehrmann, 1917: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A557B18FF87FD2DFF33FD05D8ED" box="[641,763,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 41-45" captionStartId="73.[192,276,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[192,1443,192,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@73.[192,1444,192,1614]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41-45. Type images for Speyeria spp.; dorsal, ventral, and label images. 41) Speyeria hesperis electa lectotype, described as Argynnis Electa, male, CMNH. 42) Speyeria hesperis nikias lectotype, described as Argynnis nikias, male, CMNH. Now synonymized under Speyeria hesperis electa (Scott et al. 1998). 43) Speyeria hesperis schellbachi holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis schellbachi, male, LACM. 44) Speyeria hesperis nausicaa lectotype, described as Argynnis Nausicaa, male, CMNH. 45) Speyeria hesperis dorothea holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis dorothea, male, AMNH. Images 41-42 and 44-45 by James C. Dunford; 43 by Weiping Xie." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352686/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Figure 42</figureCitation>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFED4FCB8D92D" blockId="42.[192,1384,195,315]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FF6CFED4FD90D90D" ID-CoL="7L3G4" authority="(Ehrmann)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrmann" box="[192,622,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atlantis" subSpecies="nikias">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFED4FE1FD90D" box="[192,481,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Speyeria atlantis nikias</emphasis>
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(Ehrmann)
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FDD0FED3FC46D90D" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[636,952,259,283]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
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] (synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FB3AFED3FAA5D90D" author="Scott, J. A. & N. G. Kondla & S. M. Spomer" box="[1174,1371,259,283]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref45136" refString="Scott, J. A., N. G. Kondla, and S. M. Spomer. 1998. Speyeria hesperis and Speyeria atlantis are distinct species. Papilio 8: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1998">Scott et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FF6CFEF4FD9BD92D" ID-CoL="4YKGH" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[192,613,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="electa">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFEF4FE21D92D" box="[192,479,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Speyeria hesperis electa</emphasis>
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||
(Edwards)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FDDEFEF3FCC5D92D" author="Scott, J. A. & N. G. Kondla & S. M. Spomer" box="[626,827,291,315]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref45136" refString="Scott, J. A., N. G. Kondla, and S. M. Spomer. 1998. Speyeria hesperis and Speyeria atlantis are distinct species. Papilio 8: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1998">Scott et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFEB3FBBCD96D" blockId="42.[192,1090,355,379]" box="[192,1090,355,379]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFEB3FE5CD96D" bold="true" box="[192,418,355,379]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Common names.</emphasis>
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Electa fritillary, electa silverspot, cinnamon silverspot.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B18FF87FF6CFE73FECFDCAD" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFE73FDE4D9CD" blockId="42.[192,1440,419,475]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFE73FE65D9AD" bold="true" box="[192,411,419,443]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Type deposited.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3C8D7B18FF87FE0EFE74FDE4D9CD" location="Carnegie Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54EE88727B18FF87FE0EFE74FDE5D9AA" box="[418,539,420,444]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
(male) designated by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FC85FE73FB87D9AD" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[809,1145,419,443]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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||
at
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||
<location id="8E8A600B7B18FF87FB0CFE73FE7BD9CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B1BFF87FF6CF935FECFDCAD:8E8A600B7B18FF87FB0CFE73FE7BD9CD" name="Carnegie Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Carnegie Museum of Natural History</location>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A557B18FF87FE3FFE13FDF3D9CD" box="[403,525,451,475]" captionStart="Figure 41-45" captionStartId="73.[192,276,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[192,1443,192,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@73.[192,1444,192,1614]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41-45. Type images for Speyeria spp.; dorsal, ventral, and label images. 41) Speyeria hesperis electa lectotype, described as Argynnis Electa, male, CMNH. 42) Speyeria hesperis nikias lectotype, described as Argynnis nikias, male, CMNH. Now synonymized under Speyeria hesperis electa (Scott et al. 1998). 43) Speyeria hesperis schellbachi holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis schellbachi, male, LACM. 44) Speyeria hesperis nausicaa lectotype, described as Argynnis Nausicaa, male, CMNH. 45) Speyeria hesperis dorothea holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis dorothea, male, AMNH. Images 41-42 and 44-45 by James C. Dunford; 43 by Weiping Xie." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352686/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Figure 41</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFDD3FDCADA6D" blockId="42.[192,1440,515,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFDD3FE83DA0D" bold="true" box="[192,381,515,539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B18FF87FF6CFDD3FEFBDA0D" box="[192,261,515,539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Colorado. Defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FD3DFDD3FC18DA0D" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[657,998,515,539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FE90FDF4FE1DDA2D" author="Brown, F. M." box="[316,483,547,571]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="233 - 350" refId="ref34857" refString="Brown, F. M. 1965. The types of the nymphalid butterflies described by William Henry Edwards Part I. Argynninae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 91: 233 - 350." type="journal article" year="1965">Brown (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this locality untenable, and corrected it to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34276407B18FF87FBD7FDF3FB2BDA2D" box="[1147,1237,547,571]" name="Turkey" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Creek Junction, Jefferson County, Colorado. Subsequently defined as “Twin Lakes, Lake County” Colorado by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FA8EFD93FF05DA6D" author="Scott, J. A. & N. G. Kondla & S. M. Spomer" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref45136" refString="Scott, J. A., N. G. Kondla, and S. M. Spomer. 1998. Speyeria hesperis and Speyeria atlantis are distinct species. Papilio 8: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1998">Scott et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(also see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FEC0FDB3FDD9DA6D" author="Scott, J. A." box="[364,551,611,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref45004" refString="Scott, J. A. 2008 a. Corrections / reviews of 58 North American butterfly books. Papilio 19: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2008">Scott 2008a: 22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFD73FEB0DAED" blockId="42.[192,1440,675,763]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFD73FE5CDAAD" bold="true" box="[192,418,675,699]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Type label data.</emphasis>
|
||
“type electa [male] Colo. Mead ’71;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FCC5FD73FBB6DAAD" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1892" box="[873,1096,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">Argynnis cornelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[male] Fide W. J.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34276407B18FF87FA99FD73FA62DAAD" box="[1333,1436,675,699]" name="Netherlands" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Collection W. H. Edwards;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B18FF87FDADFD13FD90DACD" box="[513,622,707,731]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FDDFFD13FCD1DACD" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1878" box="[627,815,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electa">Argynnis electa</taxonomicName>
|
||
[male] W. H. Edwards designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FB41FD13FEC1DAED" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFCF3FC70DBED" blockId="42.[192,1440,803,1019]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFCF3FD16DB2D" bold="true" box="[192,744,803,827]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Identification, taxonomy, and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
This subspecies has been recognized as a distinct species by some authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FE39FC93FDDEDB4D" author="Howe, W. H." box="[405,544,835,859]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" refId="ref41056" refString="Howe, W. H. 1975. The butterflies of North America. Doubleday and Company, Inc.; Garden City, New York. 633 p." type="book" year="1975">Howe 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FD86FC93FD1BDB4D" author="Bird, C. D. & G. J. Hilchie & N. G. Kondla & E. M. Pike & F. A. H. Sperling" box="[554,741,835,859]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" refId="ref34178" refString="Bird, C. D., G. J. Hilchie, N. G. Kondla, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta. 350 p." type="book" year="1995">Bird et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is difficult to distinguish from nominate (eastern)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FA2BFC94FEE0DB6D" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FA2BFC94FA67DB4D" box="[1415,1433,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFCB3FEE0DB6D" box="[192,286,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except by locality labels. It may be that ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FD50FCB3FCBEDB6D" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1878" box="[764,832,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FD50FCB3FCBEDB6D" box="[764,832,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">electa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is a valid species and represents the silver-spotted western ‘species’ in the atlantis complex (Cliff Ferris, pers. comm.). Additional taxonomic studies, those including molecular analyses, need to be conducted to address this situation. Adult wingspan ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B357B18FF87FF6CFC13FEC2DBCD" box="[192,316,963,987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="55.0">55-60 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FEE9FC13FD5DDBCD" author="Maeki, K. & C. L. Remington" box="[325,675,963,987]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="179 - 201" refId="ref42268" refString="Maeki, K., and C. L. Remington. 1960. Studies of the chromosomes of North American Rhopalocera. 4. Nymphalinae, Charaxidinae, Libytheinae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 14: 179 - 201." type="journal article" year="1960">Maeki and Remington (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
dissected the testes of individuals taken from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B18FF87FB67FC13FAC6DBCD" box="[1227,1336,963,987]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
to find n = 29 chromosomes and illustrated the relative sizes of each.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFBF3FA5FDC2D" blockId="42.[192,1441,1059,1084]" box="[192,1441,1059,1084]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFBF3FEDEDC2D" bold="true" box="[192,288,1059,1083]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout the Rocky Mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B18FF87FD4DFBF3FCB1DC2D" box="[737,847,1059,1083]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
and in the Laramie Range of southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B18FF87FA88FBF3FA62DC2D" box="[1316,1436,1059,1083]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B18FF87FF6CFBB3FECFDCAD" blockId="42.[192,1440,1123,1211]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FF6CFBB3FE97DC6D" bold="true" box="[192,361,1123,1147]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B18FF87FE48FBB4FD96DC6D" box="[484,616,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
|
||
S. h.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B18FF87FD8EFBB3FD96DC6D" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1878" box="[546,616,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electa">electa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are on the wing as early as May in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B18FF87FBB8FBB3FB8CDC6D" box="[1044,1138,1123,1147]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FB2CFBB3FAC3DC6D" author="Bird, C. D. & G. J. Hilchie & N. G. Kondla & E. M. Pike & F. A. H. Sperling" box="[1152,1341,1123,1147]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" refId="ref34178" refString="Bird, C. D., G. J. Hilchie, N. G. Kondla, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta. 350 p." type="book" year="1995">Bird et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and fly well into September.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B18FF87FE6AFB53FD8DDC8D" author="Emmel, T. C." box="[454,627,1155,1179]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="358 - 373" refId="ref37787" refString="Emmel, T. C. 1964. The ecology and distribution of butterflies in a montane community near Florissant, Colorado. The American Midland Naturalist 72: 358 - 373." type="journal article" year="1964">Emmel (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that adults prefer open, dry meadow areas near Florissant,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B18FF87FF6CFB73FED3DCAD" box="[192,301,1187,1211]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |