255 lines
28 KiB
XML
255 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="B36700FB5C315246EFFB0AEBF1CA574A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252292" ID-ZooBank="CCE28335-B063-47A5-8EFA-904B5B5BC99B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1666769573018" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Navneet, Ranjan, Rahul, Talukdar, Avishek, Joshi, Rahul, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Chandra, Kailash & Mally, Richard" docDate="2022" docId="03C8791FFFF38000FF7854CCFEFE5E96" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5197.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5197 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopariinae Guenee 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFF10167FFDB8029FFEF545AFFFA5F63" masterDocTitle="A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1699389895625" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9C32E3E281F197F6A2E6D8C4EA425B8F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2642DCC89E188018FAF25A180C2E4462">
|
||
<mods:title id="898C8F66BB3CB4A92F1FEF5BDBB0B4D6">A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="BA9CCFDE93DFF22000474C6D4454A6B3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F49EF909BBC5B7E6BFC39FA4E1E271FE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8F321237DDD1CEB40816449C851B94A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="77139C42D23DB13FACB53E3CE34C6371">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BECA3F16393B46D4286AE8AC8BF52470" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6657-7983</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="62F6D9FBF653EAD99BD6F13DB3E4126F" type="email">nsgill007@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8BE8AA3B61146F524001A76C2189704C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4C9555113FDEA3E30B2127948A67222A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1D21A2E1A9EAEDE727EDB4F0FDDA39CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1588A323BDCBA991CA21D5F08DA282A5">Ranjan, Rahul</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B18C19CB2115F44DD236B2840EC616F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4983-0403</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="09DD0EB125CF537E03CE063B82BC4A3D" type="email">rranjan720@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C1189E03BF1B9B1262EA3B8DA8F9A76C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E06B679715E0A889B9CE86B4E5854AEB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B15A8935A18D3AE65F2E9EDBEF196AA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AF421ED4E070B126D21CC596F3CBB835">Talukdar, Avishek</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1DE92A2737DD092FB1B6AFE4F3815AE3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4808-2901</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25462AAC1C663C1D180E265074B272DD" type="email">avi.talukdar@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="572C18D3E9B43D0B873F5E76A236531D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="99EA701971E79AC7D1C55D59450DCF34">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1115D532B470A821A97E6755B94FD12E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C40FAE945CD819B5CAFC9F92F1C0EB32">Joshi, Rahul</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FF4B70EA1EC3B610CFF7E49D9B1BF8B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8514-1272</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="290B2B2DDE2D3AD1F63FB23EE923E939" type="email">joshiarctiidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2DE9B3A4C29287C0DDED573F8B5C8649" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="94CE97F954F3F5F00581288E0C69A488">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4A02162103A51FE38CC07B801E2E984D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2C2FF4DBF82584DC9B1C5BC0AA0BB470">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1F987EC7AD9FFC19BC917F89034F1B4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9670-5931</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA5E6693AA437FCCF431EAD42A3AD32C" type="email">prjagbir2005@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="979405C8002C5F3A2EA53199E27A3C6A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9A75412E1FAA4F572D6DCED3F651FD7A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="62AC9EC72EFF949F9C98ECC685628FFC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9E32C2C490B638D3833250AB644ADFE2">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="70D61A15277DEC2F86C2D4E0C57E019A" type="email">kailash611@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="12D23B8870A28A302E256D9FAF4066B5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="93B3E095A9379989334350DA61E9794B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2513A033E230AA41BD1E774B45E685B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7EE3C74F601528112E3CB1EAB52F8157">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A554C3BBE313127E0D7BFC3CF8148C87" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5996-9471</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="969597B77C7D0F4A71B6894919AE04EA" type="email">spilomallynae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2CE4B565671C773342DE461ACC479CBD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="CFC972C7EFC65020956D320C728332E0" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="65650025DC2FA32B5F48FA6A863016AB">
|
||
<mods:title id="53296BE8E5EA4030C782BC0901F3F9D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4365C856CFFACBCB5C97AAE0274211E5">
|
||
<mods:date id="D38BF8B75584E7F68F08A4D8F661D246">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="450B04C7B06D62A0E870624AF2493675" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="C91C1296BF0498FB99810BE656C0CC2E">2022-10-25</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="05F45016DFF9A96023837B06BAFC8BC0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="02232718743BA0F114354E9737911478">5197</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B92B0F6596958D69053C4C1A8A9E1223" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3A75343B01133EC452753981615C67F1">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5A4CEB6048818FA444D579CFE2993C47" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="AA82AD7E8EA13EA0C1B93BBED1B42849">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A6C9D8998BD5BDE8E8C5F6EF26269D21">423</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="BF1006BC596DE1E86CAD4948BFBC0855">
|
||
<mods:url id="304F2C34B5CB02CFDD9F038FF3F15FAC">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6A9301F19406F8288E1659710D2F847D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="195179F0A8D450F8354CB66E78C75D56" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C1291CBD4ED14DF2F4A5AE6E4CF29C68" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4CBD38758C6E6EC9EFAFDDEA0441E81F" type="Zenodo-Dep">7252292</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D03FBACA3E27D6B438AA52F3C82282D1" type="ZooBank">CCE28335-B063-47A5-8EFA-904B5B5BC99B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C8791FFFF38000FF7854CCFEFE5E96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7782012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7782012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8791FFFF38000FF7854CCFEFE5E96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8791FFFF38000FF7854CCFEFE5E96" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFF38001FF7854CCFE9E5FD3" box="[151,356,150,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF38001FF7854CCFE9E5FD3" blockId="40.[151,356,150,176]" box="[151,356,150,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="D0967F65FFF38001FF7854CCFE9E5FD3" bold="true" box="[151,356,150,176]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FF7854CCFE9E5FD3" bold="true" box="[151,356,150,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
2.10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FF3954CCFE9E5FD3" ID-CoL="93N22" ID-ENA="299376" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[214,356,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFF38000FF785484FEFE5E96" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF38001FF785484FCE15E97" blockId="40.[151,1437,222,501]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FF785484FE225F9B" bold="true" box="[151,472,222,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diversity and distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
found on all continents, including remote oceanic islands, and preferably inhabit humid habitats in tropical mountains and temperate regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF38001FCC95558FC485E7E" author="Nuss, M." box="[806,946,258,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="127 - 180" refId="ref298076" refString="Nuss, M. (2005 b) Scopariinae. In: Goater, B., Nuss, M. & Speidel, W. (Eds.), Pyraloidea I. In: Huemer, P. & Karsholt, O. (Eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 127 - 180 + 184 - 185 + 194 - 201 + 225 - 238 + 259 - 276." type="book chapter" year="2005">Nuss 2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Globally, they comprise 587 species in 20 genera (Nuss
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FEDB557DFE945E23" box="[308,366,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003–2022,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF38001FDEB557CFD375E23" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[516,717,294,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FDA1557DFD725E23" box="[590,648,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF38001FCEE557CFCC75E23" box="[769,829,294,320]" name="India" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 21 species in three genera are reported, representing 3.57% of global diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FE315510FD9C5E07" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[478,614,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the three genera reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF38001FC185510FBC95E07" box="[1015,1075,330,356]" name="India" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FBD05510FAFE5E07" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[1087,1284,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FBD05510FB645E07" box="[1087,1182,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Eudonia</emphasis>
|
||
Billberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FAFF5510FF135EEA" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Micraglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FAFF5510FA665E07" box="[1296,1436,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Micraglossa</emphasis>
|
||
Warren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FEF15535FE155EEB" authority="Haworth" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[286,495,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FEF15535FE795EEA" box="[286,387,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
Haworth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first two are known by less than 10 species, and the latter is present with 16 species. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF38001FF1E55C8FED75ECF" box="[241,301,402,428]" name="India" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FE8C55C8FE1D5ECF" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[355,487,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most diverse in the the central Himalaya, followed by the Western Ghats, West- and North West Himalaya and the North East. No
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FD2155ECFCA85EB3" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[718,850,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recorded from the Trans-Himalaya, the Deserts, the Semi-Arid and Islands biogeographic zones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFF38001FD555580FCF45E97" box="[698,782,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[152,255,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,532,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-155@40.[164,1423,524,1554]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Species diversity of Indian Scopariinae in different biogeographic zones/zones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252352/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E9881FFF38001FF775270FBB55920" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252352" box="[152,1103,1578,1603]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252352/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[152,255,1578,1602]" targetBox="[172,1415,532,1546]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF38001FF775270FBB55920" blockId="40.[152,1103,1578,1603]" box="[152,1103,1578,1603]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FF775270FEDF5921" bold="true" box="[152,293,1578,1602]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Species diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FE155270FDC15921" box="[506,571,1578,1602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FDAE5270FD435921" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[577,697,1578,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in different biogeographic zones/zones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF38000FF28522AFF1A5F9A" blockId="40.[151,1437,1648,2035]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FF28522AFE6059E8" bold="true" box="[199,410,1648,1675]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Adult characters:</emphasis>
|
||
small to medium-sized moths with a typical slender triangular resting position of their shallowly tented wings. With their cryptic wing maculation of various tones of grey and brown, they are well camouflaged on tree bark, rocks and lichens. The typical “scopariine forewing pattern” of an antemedian line connected with the proximal discoidal and cubital stigma as well as a characteristically X-shaped distal discoidal stigma at the discal cell’s distal end is unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FD67535BFCFE5878" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[648,772,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pyraloidea">Pyraloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The head features porrect labial palpi and well-developed upturned maxillary palpi. The forewings often bear tufts of raised scales. A synapomorphic character, suggesting the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FED15313FE3F5800" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[318,453,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the female genitalia’s appendix bursae that attaches anteriorly on the corpus bursae. The three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FEE75337FEAA58E4" box="[264,336,1901,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FE475337FD9658E4" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[424,620,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FE475337FDFD58E4" box="[424,519,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Eudonia</emphasis>
|
||
Billberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FD985337FCA658E4" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1891" box="[631,860,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Micraglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FD985337FCF958E4" box="[631,771,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Micraglossa</emphasis>
|
||
Warren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FC7D5337FBA558E4" authority="Haworth" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[914,1119,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FC7D5337FC0D58E4" box="[914,1015,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
Haworth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished from each other on the basis of genitalia morphology:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FD6D53CBFD1D58C8" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[642,743,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FD6D53CBFD1D58C8" box="[642,743,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
features a long, distally pointed uncus, a free distal extension of the valva sacculus, and a phallus with cornuti, in the female genitalia, the signum is absent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF38001FB4353EFFAF158AC" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[1196,1291,1973,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF38001FB4353EFFAF158AC" box="[1196,1291,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Eudonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, has dorsally rounded or bilobed uncus, a sacculus without a free distal extension, no cornuti in the phallus, and a well sclerotised, more or less rounded signum in the female genitalia. In contrast to these two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FAA154CDFF255FB6" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Micraglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FAA154CDFF255FB6" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Micraglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the appendix bursae in the female genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FCFB54E1FC6A5FB6" author="Nuss, M." box="[788,912,187,213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="475 - 528" refId="ref297950" refString="Nuss, M. (1998) The Scopariinae and Heliothelinae stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae) of the Oriental Region - a revisional synopsis with descriptions of new species from the Philippines and Sumatra. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Supplement 17, 475 - 528." type="journal article" year="1998">Nuss 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FC7554E0FC195FB6" author="Nuss, M." box="[922,995,186,213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="127 - 180" refId="ref298076" refString="Nuss, M. (2005 b) Scopariinae. In: Goater, B., Nuss, M. & Speidel, W. (Eds.), Pyraloidea I. In: Huemer, P. & Karsholt, O. (Eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 127 - 180 + 184 - 185 + 194 - 201 + 225 - 238 + 259 - 276." type="book chapter" year="2005">2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FC0154E1FB1E5FB6" author="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A." box="[1006,1252,187,213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref297140" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A. (1999) The Pyraloidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology section Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterfles. Walter de Gruyter, New York, pp. 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.233" type="book chapter" year="1999">Munroe & Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FB0054E1FF295F9A" author="Holloway, J. D. & Kibby, G. & Peggie, D." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref282024" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. & Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies (Fauna Malesiana) (Vol. 3). Brill, Leiden, Boston, Koln, 455 pp., 8 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475595" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Holloway
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FA8B54E1FA675FB6" box="[1380,1437,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF28000FF285559FE7C5E06" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FF285559FE5D5E7E" bold="true" box="[199,423,259,285]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Larval characters:</emphasis>
|
||
very little is known about the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FC845559FC095E7E" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[875,1011,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FC115559FB395E7E" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[1022,1219,259,285]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly treats some larvae of European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FE94557DFE1A5E22" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[379,480,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FE94557DFE1A5E22" box="[379,480,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FDF3557DFD815E22" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[540,635,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FDF3557DFD815E22" box="[540,635,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Eudonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FD51557DFC045E22" author="Heckford, R. J. & Sterling, P. H." box="[702,1022,294,321]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="211 - 215" refId="ref281070" refString="Heckford, R. J. & Sterling, P. H. (2005) The biology of Scoparia basistrigalis Knaggs, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 56, 211 - 215." type="journal article" year="2005">Heckford & Sterling (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe the caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FAD8557DFE7C5E06" authority="Knaggs." class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basistrigalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FAD8557DFEDB5E06" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Scoparia basistrigalis</emphasis>
|
||
Knaggs.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF28000FF285535FEFE5E96" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FF285535FEA75EEA" bold="true" box="[199,349,367,393]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Food plants:</emphasis>
|
||
larvae mostly live in silken tunnels lined with droppings at the base of lichens, mosses, lycopods, grasses and dicotyledons. The Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FD8C55C9FC4F5ECE" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" box="[611,949,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycopodiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FD8C55C9FCBE5ECE" box="[611,836,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Eudonia lycopodiae</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a stem borer in the lycopod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FAFC55C9FE675EB2" authority="(Nuss 2005 b)" baseAuthorityName="Nuss" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Lycopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cernuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FAFC55C9FF035EB3" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lycopodium cernuum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FEE655EDFE6C5EB2" author="Nuss, M." box="[265,406,438,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="127 - 180" refId="ref298076" refString="Nuss, M. (2005 b) Scopariinae. In: Goater, B., Nuss, M. & Speidel, W. (Eds.), Pyraloidea I. In: Huemer, P. & Karsholt, O. (Eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 127 - 180 + 184 - 185 + 194 - 201 + 225 - 238 + 259 - 276." type="book chapter" year="2005">Nuss 2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moss-feeding habits suggest moss as the ancestral host plant of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF28000FB4655EDFEFA5E96" authority="(Leger et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Leger" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">
|
||
Scopariinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF28000FAD255EDFF025E96" author="Leger, T. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="757 - 776" refId="ref288494" refString="Leger, T., Landry, B. & Nuss, M. (2019) Phylogeny, character evolution and tribal classification in Crambinae and Scopariinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). Systematic Entomology, 44 (4), 757 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12353" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF28000FA6755EDFF575E96" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |