treatments-xml/data/03/8C/E1/038CE12F151AFFBAAB9FD097FD08FE13.xml

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<mods:title id="43B50431986817FF7D4DB2D4003AE4A0">New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B894DCF06D34A2A01D6B7ADC860523AF">Averyanov, Leonid V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57C128528FF24B3B1F3B9F44D0886D65">Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia. &amp; av _ leonid @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8031 - 2925</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80158527BF636D1C2689EF100DE8C909">Thai, Tran Huy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DCAF231CEED1A647A1DAFE0542E41E0C">Truong, Ba Vuong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="912D63880D706A152A70E5B8F7185592">Nguyen, Van Canh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40EBD1651FEBA986CB5ECB7D1CBAE921">Maisak, Tatiana V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7460BF78DD0C40A4DB64BABC62C32486">Nguyen, Khang Sinh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AB613616C2CB6FA3F70FA2D96E858337">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEAB9FD097FDEDFF1E" authority="Aver. &amp; Vuong" authorityName="Aver. &amp; Vuong" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,544,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAB9FD097FEA3FF1E" bold="true" box="[136,366,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Malleola micrantha</emphasis>
Aver. &amp; Vuong
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(
<figureCitation id="131E4CBC151AFFBEAB98D0CFFF1FFF7B" box="[143,210,198,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[236,1362,224,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[214,1373,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant. B. Intact flower, half side view.C. Flower, side view, lateral sepal and petal reflexed. D. Flower, frontal view. E. Separated lip, side view. F. Lip, sagittal section. G. Separated lip, view from above. H. Lip, tangential section, upper part removed. I. Anther cap, view from above and from below. J. Pollinarium, abaxial side. K. Pollinarium, adaxial side. L. Pollinarium stipe, adaxial side, pollinia removed. All drawn from the type specimen (BV 407) by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6875873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131E4CBC151AFFBEABCAD0CFFF27FF7B" box="[221,234,198,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,190,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[243,1344,190,1841]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant, all leaves from adaxial side. B. Apical half of flowering plant, all leaves from abaxial side. C. Inflorescence. D. Leaves from adaxial and from abaxial side. E. Leaf apex, adaxial side. F. Instant flowers from different sides. G. Flattened sepals and petals. H. Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view. I. Separated lip, view from above. J. Lip, sagittal section. K. Pedicel, ovary and column, frontal and half side views. L. Anther cap, half side view and view from below. M. Pollinarium, view from different sides. All photos by Truong Ba Vuong from the type specimen (BV 407), photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6875877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">6</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAB9FD103FF01FE83" bold="true" box="[136,204,266,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Type:</emphasis>
— 
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<collectorName id="26D035EF151AFFBEAF95D102FAB7FE83" box="[1154,1402,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Ngo Quang Dang, BV</collectorName>
407
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED34C8FC151AFFBEABEDD126FEF3FEEE" box="[250,318,303,329]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tj07-dt2h" name="Institute of Tropical Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">VNM</collectionCode>
, isotype 
<specimenCode id="DB83F842151AFFBEAAB6D127FDFFFEEF" box="[417,562,302,328]" collectionCode="LE" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">LE01123083</specimenCode>
https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=133322)
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<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD15BFD95FECB" bold="true" box="[189,600,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Authentic photos and drawings:</emphasis>
— 
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01123084 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=133330, 
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01123083 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=133322.
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<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD193FE89FE13" bold="true" box="[189,324,410,436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name refers to its relatively small flowers.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD1B7FE57FE7F" bold="true" box="[189,410,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Description. Herb</emphasis>
perennial monopodial epiphytic. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA83AD1B7FCA7FE7F" bold="true" box="[813,874,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Stem</emphasis>
simple or basally few branched, pendulous and somewhat distally ascending, (1)2–4(5) cm long, terete, (1.4)1.5–2(2.1) mm in diameter, covered by distichous leaf sheaths, with (4)5–7(8) leaves in apical half, in basal part with many wiry, twisted dull gray roots. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAFA3D20FFACBFD87" bold="true" box="[1204,1286,518,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Leaves</emphasis>
subdistichous, sessile, joined, broadly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, grassy green, (1.2)1.5–2(2.5) cm long, (2.5)3–5(6) mm wide, spreading horizontally, apex obtuse, sometimes shortly unequally bilobed. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA8D6D247FB92FDCF" bold="true" box="[961,1119,590,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Inflorescence</emphasis>
axillary lax raceme, glabrous, (1.5)2–3.5(4) cm long; peduncle greenish to dull purple, thin, terete, (0.8)1–1.8(2) cm long, naked or with 2–3 distant, sterile triangular, acute bracts, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAAF1D29FFD89FD16" box="[486,580,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long and wide; rachis terete, slightly longitudinally angled with (3)4–11(12) flowers distant on (0.5)1–3(3.2) mm; floral bracts, triangular, acute, (0.5)0.6–0.7(0.8) mm long, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFCCD2B3FAA8FD72" box="[1243,1381,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAB9FD2D7FF2AFD5F" bold="true" box="[136,231,734,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Flowers</emphasis>
subsessile, spirally arranged, spreading at right angle to rachis, opening in succession, (3)3.2–3.8(4) mm across, sepals and petals glabrous, pale yellow, each with two obscure reddish-brown strips, lip white with dull purple marks on epichile, column white or little greenish, anther cap light yellow. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA8CBD32FFB7EFCE7" bold="true" box="[988,1203,806,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Pedicel and ovary</emphasis>
light green, glabrous, terete, shallowly grooved, (1.8)2–3(3.5) mm long, (0.4)0.5(0.6) mm in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAF33D343FBBDFCC3" bold="true" box="[1060,1136,842,868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Sepals</emphasis>
concave, obtuse to blunt at apex; median sepal ovate, (1.8)2(2.2) mm long, (1.1)1.2(1.3) wide (being flattened), cymbiform, dorsally gibbous and hooded; lateral sepals broadly obovate, slightly oblique, (2.1)2.2(2.3) mm long, (1.7)1.8(1.9) wide, almost round at apex. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABDAD3BFFED8FC77" bold="true" box="[205,277,950,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Petals</emphasis>
concave, obtuse to blunt at apex, ovate, (1.7)1.8–2(2.1) mm long, (0.9)1(1.1) mm wide. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAE19D3BFFAF5FC77" bold="true" box="[1294,1336,950,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Lip</emphasis>
simple or obscurely 3-lobed, spurred, (3.8)4–4.2(4.4) mm long from apex of the lip to apex of spur, firmly fused by lateral sides with column base, with spur lying almost parallel to ovary; epichile 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA883D3F7FBD0FBBE" box="[916,1053,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
long and wide, entire triangular or with obscure roundish side-lobes, at apex attenuate to small straight or down recurved acute seta 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFF5D42BFAA7FB9A" box="[1250,1386,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
long, disk with 2 short parallel low keels; spur glossy white, shortly cylindrical, with no constriction, (2)2.2–2.6(2.8) mm long, (0.8)1(1.2) mm in diameter, oblique conical and round at apex. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA89BD463FC21FB23" bold="true" box="[908,1004,1130,1156]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Column</emphasis>
footless, erect, stout, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFF7D463FA9FFB22" box="[1248,1362,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
tall and wide, at front with 2 large forward directed conoid papillose bosses 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA89FD487FBDDFB0E" box="[904,1040,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAF4FD487FB12FB0E" box="[1112,1247,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base; rostellum very small, placed between bosses; stigma large, concave, circular. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAF30D4BBFBB1FB6B" bold="true" box="[1063,1148,1202,1228]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Anther</emphasis>
cap large, as tall and broad as column, half-globular, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAAA6D4DFFDC1FB56" box="[433,524,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with narrowly triangular, down directed beak. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAFD4D4DFFAD2FB57" bold="true" box="[1219,1311,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Pollinia</emphasis>
2, globular, about 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEABC6D4F3FEE7FAB2" box="[209,298,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAADFD4F3FDAFFAB2" box="[456,610,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.2 mm</quantity>
when dry), with small groove on outer surface; stipe linear, translucent, longitudinally conduplicate, bent in the middle and suddenly much widening into broad plate with incurved lateral margins, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEABE6D54BFEB5FAFA" box="[241,376,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAAD7D54BFD85FAFA" box="[448,584,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
wide in widest part; viscidium very small, ovate, about 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFD3D54BFAD7FAFA" box="[1220,1306,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAE75D54BFA66FAFB" bold="true" box="[1378,1451,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Fruits</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151AFFBEABAAD583FB9EFA6F" blockId="9.[136,1452,266,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD583FD08FA03" bold="true" box="[189,709,1418,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Habitat, phenology and conservation status.</emphasis>
Miniature monopodial canopy epiphyte. Primary evergreen broadleaved submontane forests. Fl. April. Very rare. Estimated IUCN Red List status – CR.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F03B2151AFFBAABAAD5DBFD08FE13" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151AFFBEABAAD5DBFC51FA4B" blockId="9.[136,1452,266,2021]" box="[189,924,1490,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD5DBFE9AFA4B" bold="true" box="[189,343,1490,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern 
<collectingCountry id="F33210A9151AFFBEAADED5DBFDE5FA4B" box="[457,552,1490,1516]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E19EDB151AFFBEA920D5DBFCD2FA4B" box="[567,799,1490,1517]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Lam Dong province</collectingRegion>
). Endemic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151AFFBEABAAD5FFFAE4F843" blockId="9.[136,1452,266,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEABAAD5FFFECAF9B7" bold="true" box="[189,263,1526,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Notes.</emphasis>
Like 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEAA47D5FFFC8AF9B7" authority="Averyanov &amp; V. C. Nguyen" authorityName="Averyanov &amp; V. C. Nguyen" box="[336,839,1526,1552]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luongii">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAA47D5FFFDC3F9B7" box="[336,526,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Malleola luongii</emphasis>
Averyanov &amp; V.C.Nguyen
</taxonomicName>
in Averyanov 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA8E1D5FEFBFFF9B7" box="[1014,1074,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
(2018: 130) recently discovered in 
<collectingCountry id="F33210A9151AFFBEABBED613FEC6F993" box="[169,267,1562,1588]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, the new species belongs to the so-called 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA817D613FB41F993" box="[768,1164,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEA817D613FC1BF993" authorityName="J. J. Smith" authorityYear="1927" box="[768,982,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentifera">Malleola dentifera</taxonomicName>
– 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEA8ECD612FB41F993" authorityName="Guillaumin" authorityYear="1964" box="[1019,1164,1563,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Renanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">vietnamensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
complex, taxa of which occur from Indochina and Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="F33210A9151AFFBEA92BD637FD6EF9FF" box="[572,675,1598,1624]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
to the Greater Sunda Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151AFFBEAF11D637FB7AF9FF" author="O'Byrne, P." box="[1030,1207,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref16742" refString="O'Byrne, P. (2017) A clarification of the Malleola dentifera - Robiquetia insectifera - R. vietnamensis complex. Malesian Orchid Journal 20: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="2017">O’Byrne, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Our plant is closest to the 
<typeStatus id="549EEE9B151AFFBEABC7D66AFECDF9DA" box="[208,256,1635,1661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEAAB0D66AFCBEF9DB" authority="Guillaumin (1964: 268)" authorityName="Guillaumin" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1964" box="[423,883,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Renanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAAB0D66AFD93F9DB" box="[423,606,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">M. vietnamensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151AFFBEA972D66BFCBEF9DB" author="Guillaumin, A." box="[613,883,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" pagination="268 - 269" refId="ref15165" refString="Guillaumin, A. (1964) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des serres du museium (Notules sur quelques orchideies d'Indochine. XXXIV). Bulletin du Museium national d'histoire naturelle 2, 36 (2): 268 - 269." type="journal article" year="1964">Guillaumin (1964: 268)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEA8E5D66AFAB5F9DB" authority="J. J. Smith (1927: 191)" authorityName="J. J. Smith" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1927" box="[1010,1400,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentifera">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEA8E5D66AFBB0F9DB" box="[1010,1149,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">M. dentifera</emphasis>
J.J. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151AFFBEAFB5D66BFAB5F9DB" author="Smith, J. J." box="[1186,1400,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" pagination="191" refId="ref17179" refString="Smith, J. J. (1927) Malleola dentifera J. J. Sm. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Ser. 3, 9: 191." type="journal article" year="1927">Smith (1927: 191)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151AFFBEABEAD68FFE6EF907" author="O'Byrne, P." box="[253,419,1670,1696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref16742" refString="O'Byrne, P. (2017) A clarification of the Malleola dentifera - Robiquetia insectifera - R. vietnamensis complex. Malesian Orchid Journal 20: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="2017">O’Byrne 2017</bibRefCitation>
), in a general appearance and color scheme of the flower. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151AFFBEAFD0D68EFED4F963" authority="var. vietnamensis" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Renanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="vietnamensis" variety="vietnamensis">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAFD0D68EFAB1F907" box="[1223,1404,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">M. vietnamensis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151AFFBEAB9FD6A2FED4F963" box="[136,281,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="122">vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discovered plant differs in the distinctly shorter stem 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA868D6A3FC1EF962" box="[895,979,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
long (vs. stem normally 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFE6D6A3FAACF962" box="[1265,1377,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">10–45 cm</quantity>
long), leaves 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEABC2D6C7FE9FF94E" box="[213,338,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
long (vs. leaves normally 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA96DD6C7FD3DF94E" box="[634,752,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="6.6" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.2">3.2–10 cm</quantity>
long), inflorescence lax flowered, flowers 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAFC5D6C7FAE2F94E" box="[1234,1327,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
across (vs. inflorescence subdense, flowers 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAAE3D6FBFDB1F8AA" box="[500,636,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
across), lip simple or with obscure roundish side-lobes (vs. lip distinctly 3-lobed, side-lobes triangular acute forming forward directed teeth), lip disc with 2 short low keels, lip apex with small narrowly triangular straight or down curved seta (vs. disc with no ornamentation, lip apex attenuate to linear revolute or helicoid curved processus), spur shortly cylindric without constriction, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAF08D757FB5DF8DE" box="[1055,1168,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.0">2–2.8 mm</quantity>
long (vs. spur commonly dorso-ventrally flattened in apical half, often constricted in apical half, 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA8BDD78BFBD1F83A" box="[938,1052,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.7">3.7–7 mm</quantity>
long), column at front with conical swellings (column with hemispheric swellings), pollinarium stipe 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA862D7AFFC30F866" box="[885,1021,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long (vs. pollinarium stipe 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAE2ED7AFFA61F866" box="[1337,1452,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2 mm</quantity>
long), pollinia 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAA39D7C3FE49F842" box="[302,388,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter to 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEA93AD7C3FD4EF842" box="[557,643,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter when dry (vs. pollinia 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151AFFBEAF1BD7C3FB5EF842" box="[1036,1171,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5A00B11519FFBDAB9FD7A8FA88F784" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6875873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6875873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" startId="10.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[236,1362,224,1907]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B9A50391519FFBDAB9FD7A8FA88F784" blockId="10.[136,1453,1953,2083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAB9FD7A8FF31F811" bold="true" box="[136,252,1953,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA1519FFBDAA16D7A8FE0DF811" authorityName="Aver. &amp; Vuong" authorityYear="2022" box="[257,448,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAA16D7A8FE0DF811" box="[257,448,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">Malleola micrantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAADCD7A8FE2FF811" bold="true" box="[459,482,1953,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">A.</emphasis>
Flowering plant. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA99ED7A8FD6DF811" bold="true" box="[649,672,1953,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">B.</emphasis>
Intact flower, half side view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA8A1D7A8FC03F810" bold="true" box="[950,974,1953,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">C.</emphasis>
Flower, side view, lateral sepal and petal reflexed. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAB9FD7CCFF6DF87D" bold="true" box="[136,160,1989,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">D.</emphasis>
Flower, frontal view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAA65D7CCFE44F87D" bold="true" box="[370,393,1989,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">E.</emphasis>
Separated lip, side view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA96BD7CCFD42F87D" bold="true" box="[636,655,1989,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">F.</emphasis>
Lip, sagittal section. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA84BD7CCFCB8F87C" bold="true" box="[860,885,1989,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">G.</emphasis>
Separated lip, view from above. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAFA5D7CCFB06F87D" bold="true" box="[1202,1227,1989,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">H.</emphasis>
Lip, tangential section, upper part removed. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAA4DD7E0FEA4F859" bold="true" box="[346,361,2025,2046]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">I.</emphasis>
Anther cap, view from above and from below. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA859D7E0FCADF859" bold="true" box="[846,864,2025,2046]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">J.</emphasis>
Pollinarium, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAF79D7E0FB4AF859" bold="true" box="[1134,1159,2025,2046]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">K.</emphasis>
Pollinarium, adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDAE82D7E0FA61F859" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,2025,2046]" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">L.</emphasis>
Pollinarium stipe, adaxial side, pollinia removed. All drawn from the type specimen (
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1519FFBDA8ACD807FBCFF785" box="[955,1026,2061,2083]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="123">BV 407</emphasis>
) by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5A00B11518FFBCAB9FD743FF1BF7B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6875877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6875877/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" startId="11.[136,229,1866,1888]" targetBox="[243,1344,190,1841]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B9A50391518FFBCAB9FD743FF1BF7B3" blockId="11.[136,1452,1866,2068]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAB9FD743FF31F8F8" bold="true" box="[136,252,1866,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA1518FFBCAA16D743FE0DF8F8" authorityName="Aver. &amp; Vuong" authorityYear="2022" box="[257,448,1866,1887]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAA16D743FE0DF8F8" box="[257,448,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">Malleola micrantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAADDD743FE2FF8F8" bold="true" box="[458,482,1866,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">A.</emphasis>
Flowering plant, all leaves from adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCA882D743FC61F8F8" bold="true" box="[917,940,1866,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">B.</emphasis>
Apical half of flowering plant, all leaves from abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCABACD767FF1EF823" bold="true" box="[187,211,1902,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">C.</emphasis>
Inflorescence. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAA70D767FEB2F824" bold="true" box="[359,383,1902,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">D.</emphasis>
Leaves from adaxial and from abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCA838D767FC88F824" bold="true" box="[815,837,1902,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">E.</emphasis>
Leaf apex, adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAF20D767FB87F824" bold="true" box="[1079,1098,1902,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">F.</emphasis>
Instant flowers from different sides. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAB9FD79BFF6CF80F" bold="true" box="[136,161,1938,1960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">G.</emphasis>
Flattened sepals and petals. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAAA4D79BFE01F800" bold="true" box="[435,460,1938,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">H.</emphasis>
Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCA871D79BFCB8F800" bold="true" box="[870,885,1938,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">I.</emphasis>
Separated lip, view from above. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAFA4D79BFB08F800" bold="true" box="[1203,1221,1938,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">J.</emphasis>
Lip, sagittal section. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAE84D79BFA61F800" bold="true" box="[1427,1452,1938,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">K.</emphasis>
Pedicel, ovary and column, frontal and half side views. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCA9B0D7BFFD70F86C" bold="true" box="[679,701,1974,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">L.</emphasis>
Anther cap, half side view and view from below. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCAFB2D7BFFB0FF86C" bold="true" box="[1189,1218,1974,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">M.</emphasis>
Pollinarium, view from different sides. All photos by Truong Ba Vuong from the type specimen (
<emphasis id="B9518C2B1518FFBCA844D7D2FC56F848" box="[851,923,2010,2032]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="124">BV 407</emphasis>
), photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5A00B1151FFFBBAB9FD72EFE19F7B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6875881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6875881/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="125" startId="12.[136,229,1831,1853]" targetBox="[255,1333,190,1807]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151FFFBBAB9FD72EFE19F7B3" blockId="12.[136,1452,1831,2069]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAB9FD72EFECCF89B" bold="true" box="[136,257,1831,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151FFFBBAA1DD72EFE1CF89B" authorityName="Aver., V. C. Nguyen &amp; Vuong" authorityYear="2022" box="[266,465,1831,1852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Schoenorchis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hungii">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAA1DD72EFE1CF89B" box="[266,465,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">Schoenorchis hungii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAAF7D72EFE35F89B" bold="true" box="[480,504,1831,1852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">A.</emphasis>
Intact flowering plant. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA9F0D72EFD30F89B" bold="true" box="[743,765,1831,1852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">B.</emphasis>
Flattened flowering plant. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAF19D72EFBEBF89A" bold="true" box="[1038,1062,1831,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">C.</emphasis>
Portion of inflorescence with different magnification. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAA0CD742FE9CF8C7" bold="true" box="[283,337,1867,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">D, E.</emphasis>
Flower buds with intact floral bract. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA9D4D742FD18F8C7" bold="true" box="[707,725,1867,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">F.</emphasis>
Flattened floral bract. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA8AFD742FC1CF8C6" bold="true" box="[952,977,1867,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">G.</emphasis>
Intact flowers, frontal and side views. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAE43D742FAA0F8C7" bold="true" box="[1364,1389,1867,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">H.</emphasis>
Intact flower, view from below. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAA91D766FE58F823" bold="true" box="[390,405,1903,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">I.</emphasis>
Flower with median sepal removed, view from above. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA8A2D766FC05F823" bold="true" box="[949,968,1903,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">J.</emphasis>
Flower with lateral sepal removed, side view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAE84D766FA61F823" bold="true" box="[1427,1452,1903,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">K.</emphasis>
Flowers with lateral sepal and petal removed, side view. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA9B8D79AFD08F80F" bold="true" box="[687,709,1939,1960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">L.</emphasis>
Flattened sepals and petals. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA8CCD79AFC3AF80F" bold="true" box="[987,1015,1939,1960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">M.</emphasis>
Separated lip and column, view from above. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAB9FD7BEFF6DF86B" bold="true" box="[136,160,1975,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">N.</emphasis>
Base of lip and column, view from above. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA953D7BEFD90F86A" bold="true" box="[580,605,1975,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">O.</emphasis>
Sagittal section of the flower. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBA891D7BEFC55F86B" bold="true" box="[902,920,1975,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">P.</emphasis>
Anther cap, view from different sides. 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAE02D7BEFAE3F86A" bold="true" box="[1301,1326,1975,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">Q.</emphasis>
Pollinarium, view from different sides. All photos, photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak (plant used for the preparation of the type herbarium specimen 
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151FFFBBAA97D809FE0BF7B3" box="[384,454,2047,2069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="125">AL 410</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151EFFBAABAAD097FA4EFEA7" blockId="13.[136,1451,158,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="126">
Only few specimens of the new species were found in densely populated area where most lands has been converted into agricultural plantations.Area of Occupancy (AOO) is estimated as 
<quantity id="4CDDFDDC151EFFBAA88CD0CBFC1FFF7B" box="[923,978,194,220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="126" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C50FD71151EFFBAA8C5D0CBFC17FF77" attach="left" box="[978,986,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="126">2</superScript>
, and as the result due to available data and observations the species should be preliminarily estimated as Critically Endangered – CR B2ab(iii) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151EFFBAAFFAD0EFFABAFEA7" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[1261,1399,230,256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="126" refId="ref15315" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria Ver. 14. Available from: https: // cmsdocs. s 3. amazonaws. com / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 1 May 2022)" type="book" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A5039151EFFBAABAAD102FD08FE13" blockId="13.[136,1451,158,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="126">
It is noteworthy that like its allies, the new species exhibits certain apomorphic characters such as prominently inflated lateral stelidia and apically broadening pollinarium stipe. These features along with the subulate or caudate, downward revolute lip apex, lack of distinct calli in spur and almost entire pollinia set this group apart from the related genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151EFFBAABC6D17FFD8FFE37" authority="Gaudichaud-Beaupre" authorityName="Gaudichaud-Beaupre" box="[209,578,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Robiquetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151EFFBAABC6D17FFE81FE37" box="[209,332,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="126">Robiquetia</emphasis>
Gaudichaud-Beaupré
</taxonomicName>
in Freycinet (1829: 426), with which 
<taxonomicName id="4C252BBA151EFFBAA8E4D17FFB95FE37" box="[1011,1112,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malleola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9518C2B151EFFBAA8E4D17FFB95FE37" box="[1011,1112,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="126">Malleola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been merged on the basis of molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB42DC8151EFFBAAA4CD193FD74FE13" author="Kocyan, A. &amp; Schuiteman, A." box="[347,697,410,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="126" pagination="61 - 85" refId="ref15361" refString="Kocyan, A. &amp; Schuiteman, A. (2014) New combinations in Aeridinae. Phytotaxa 161 (1): 61 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 161.1.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Kocyan and Schuiteman, 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>