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<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418787" approvalRequired="17" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1630369566044" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A." docDate="2006" docId="03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2006.38.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (4)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus Menezes 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="FF8C262626745A428D19FFEA4E3DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="385" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" updateTime="1630681943096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2006-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>385</mods:start>
<mods:end>400</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5418787</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="395" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="10.[917,1403,1768,1823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[917,1403,1768,1792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName authority="Menezes, 2006" authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[917,1259,1768,1792]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[917,1259,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1272,1403,1768,1791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[1125,1195,1800,1823]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,190,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetId="figure-439@11.[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 12. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, MCP 30420, holotype, mature male, 83 mm SL, rioArinos, rio Tapajós drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418811/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="10.[839,1482,1864,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 30420" collectingDate="2002-01-19" collectionCode="MCP, R, V" collectorName="Porto dos Gauchos &amp; E. Reis &amp; Malabarba, E. H. L &amp; A. Bertaco &amp; Cardoso" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.530833" location="rio Tapajos" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-57.41889" municipality="rio Arinos" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,934,1864,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<typeStatus box="[839,934,1864,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<accessionNumber box="[948,1068,1864,1885]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP30420" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">
<collectionCode box="[948,999,1864,1885]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">MCP</collectionCode>
30420
</accessionNumber>
(
<quantity box="[1083,1154,1864,1885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
SL),
<collectingCountry box="[1212,1274,1864,1885]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1285,1418,1864,1885]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Porto dos Gaúchos</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[971,1069,1893,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">rio Arinos</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986:8EC3B993267E5A48892FF88F4AA3F8CB" box="[1078,1182,1893,1914]" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.530833" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-57.41889" municipality="rio Arinos" name="rio Tapajos" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Tapajós</location>
basin,
<geoCoordinate box="[1249,1361,1893,1914]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-11.530833">11º31’51&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1369,1478,1893,1914]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" precision="15" seconds="8" value="-57.41889">57º25’8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, by
<collectionCode box="[867,886,1922,1943]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[890,960,1922,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">E. Reis</collectorName>
, L.
<collectionCode box="[989,1008,1922,1943]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[1016,1191,1922,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Malabarba, E.H.L</collectorName>
. Pereira,
<collectionCode box="[1278,1295,1922,1943]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[1306,1409,1922,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">A. Bertaco</collectorName>
&amp; A.
<collectionCode box="[1459,1478,1922,1943]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[839,923,1950,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395">Cardoso</collectorName>
,
<date box="[932,1054,1950,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" value="2002-01-19">
<collectingDate box="[932,1054,1950,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="395" value="2002-01-19">19 Jan 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418811" box="[151,1432,763,787]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418811/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" startId="11.[151,190,764,787]" targetBox="[151,1474,192,745]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1432,763,787]" box="[151,1432,763,787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,227,764,787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 12</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[239,636,763,787]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[239,568,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
30420, holotype, mature male, 83 mm SL, rio Arinos, rio Tapajós drainage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,794,852,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 39930" box="[151,791,852,873]" collectionCode="MCP" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="9" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,255,852,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<typeStatus box="[151,255,852,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<accessionNumber box="[270,393,852,873]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP39930" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<collectionCode box="[270,321,852,873]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">MCP</collectionCode>
39930
</accessionNumber>
,
<specimenCode box="[406,420,852,873]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">9</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[433,536,852,873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="78.5" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="64.0">64-93 mm</quantity>
SL, taken with
<typeStatus box="[702,791,852,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-07-25" collectingDateMax="1997-07-26" collectingDateMin="1997-07-25" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="F. A. Machado" country="Brazil" location="rio Arinos" municipality="rio Juruena" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="MZUSP 62845, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[151,303,881,902]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">MZUSP 62845</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[314,326,881,902]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[341,411,881,902]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[461,523,881,902]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[534,664,881,902]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[676,789,881,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">rio Juruena</collectingMunicipality>
, about
<quantity box="[211,324,910,931]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" unit="km" value="1.0">1 kilometer</quantity>
above mouth of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986:8EC3B993267F5A498CF0FC644C72FC12" box="[489,591,910,931]" country="Brazil" municipality="rio Juruena" name="rio Arinos" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Arinos</location>
, by
<collectorName box="[631,769,910,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">F.A. Machado</collectorName>
et al.,
<date box="[187,350,939,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" value="1997-07-25" valueMax="1997-07-26" valueMin="1997-07-25">
<collectingDate box="[187,350,939,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" value="1997-07-25" valueMax="1997-07-26" valueMin="1997-07-25">25-26 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-07-24" collectingDateMax="1997-07-25" collectingDateMin="1997-07-24" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="F. A. Machado" country="Brazil" county="ilha do Tulio" location="rio Juruena" municipality="rio Arinos" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="MZUSP 62847, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[360,510,939,960]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">MZUSP 62847</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[520,532,939,960]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[545,614,939,960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCounty box="[661,789,939,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">ilha do Túlio</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,248,967,988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">rio Arinos</collectingMunicipality>
about 3 kilometers before emptying into
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267E5A4E8E8CF9024F2EF986:8EC3B993267F5A498F90FC2D4CC5FC6D" box="[649,760,967,988]" country="Brazil" county="ilha do Tulio" municipality="rio Arinos" name="rio Juruena" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Juruena</location>
, by
<collectorName box="[151,289,996,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">F.A. Machado</collectorName>
et alii,
<date box="[365,528,996,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" value="1997-07-24" valueMax="1997-07-25" valueMin="1997-07-24">
<collectingDate box="[365,528,996,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" value="1997-07-24" valueMax="1997-07-25" valueMin="1997-07-24">24-25 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="396" startId="11.[831,894,844,867]">
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1475,843,1027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,933,844,867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Table 12.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName box="[1137,1467,843,867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[1137,1467,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from: MCP 30420 (holotype), 39930, MZUSP 62847, 62845 (paratypes).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,794,1056,1337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,260,1057,1080]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[271,597,1056,1080]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[271,597,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the same color pattern (
<figureCitation box="[240,319,1089,1112]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,190,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetId="figure-439@11.[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 12. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, MCP 30420, holotype, mature male, 83 mm SL, rioArinos, rio Tapajós drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418811/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) and eye size (
<figureCitation box="[479,543,1089,1112]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[831,870,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[847,1470,1232,1732]" captionTargetId="graphics-533@3.[912,1463,1238,1667]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Scatter plot of eye diameter on head length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei, A. pallidus, A. nigrifasciatus and A. acutus. Acestrocephalus sardina and A. nigrifiasciatus have larger eye diameters than the other species suggesting the recognition of two species groups with respect to this character (see diagnoses of A. sardina and A. nigrifasciatus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418797/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName box="[587,699,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[587,699,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[714,778,1089,1112]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,190,750,773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetId="figure-450@3.[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Acestrocephalus sardina, MZUSP 81209, 93 mm SL, immature female, rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418793/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), distinct from all other species of
<taxonomicName box="[559,750,1120,1144]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[559,750,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[769,785,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[151,298,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has more scale rows above (13-14
<emphasis box="[771,793,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">vs</emphasis>
10-12) and below (12-13
<emphasis box="[419,441,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">vs</emphasis>
10-12) lateral line. The muscular hiatus of the pseudotympanum in
<taxonomicName box="[516,694,1216,1240]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[516,532,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[545,694,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[709,785,1217,1240]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
) is longer and narrower than that of
<taxonomicName box="[534,646,1248,1272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[534,550,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[564,646,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[662,739,1249,1272]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
) and the fibers of the
<emphasis box="[325,607,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">obliquus inferioris muscle</emphasis>
are not visible as in the latter species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<table box="[836,1473,1049,1584]" gridcols="6" gridrows="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<tr box="[836,1473,1049,1068]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1049,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Characters</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1049,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Holotype</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1049,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">N</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1049,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Range</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1049,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Mean</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1049,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">SD</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1075,1094]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[836,1135,1075,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Standard length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1075,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">83.0</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1075,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1075,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">64.0-93.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1099,1118]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1099,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Body depth</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1099,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">27.4</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1099,1118]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">10</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1099,1118]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">27.0-30.7</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1099,1118]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">28.6</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1099,1118]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1124,1143]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1124,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1124,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">51.5</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1124,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1124,1143]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">50.0-52.0</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1124,1143]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">50.5</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1124,1143]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1148,1167]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1148,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1148,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">29.5</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1148,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1148,1167]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">28.5-30.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1148,1167]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">29.7</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1148,1167]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1173,1192]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1173,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1173,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">44.3</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1173,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1173,1192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">43.0-44.7</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1173,1192]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">43.9</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1173,1192]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1197,1216]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1197,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Snout to anal-fin-origin</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1197,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">60.2</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1197,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1197,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">58.1-61.4</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1197,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">59.6</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1197,1216]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1222,1241]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1222,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1222,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">8.2</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1222,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1222,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">7.6-8.6</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1222,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">8.0</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1222,1241]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1246,1265]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1246,1265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Caudal peduncle length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1246,1265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">10.0</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1246,1265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1246,1265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">9.6-10.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1246,1265]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">10.3</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1246,1265]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1271,1290]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1271,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Pectoral-fin length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1271,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">17.7</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1271,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1271,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">16.7-18.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1271,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">17.8</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1271,1290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1295,1314]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1295,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Pelvic-fin length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1295,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">13.6</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1295,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1295,1314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">13.0-15.6</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1295,1314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">14.1</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1295,1314]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1320,1339]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1320,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Dorsal-fin base length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1320,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12.4</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1320,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1320,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">11-13.7.5</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1320,1339]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12.5</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1320,1339]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1345,1364]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1345,1364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Dorsal-fin height</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1345,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">22.6</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1345,1364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1345,1364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">21.6-24.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1345,1364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">23.3</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1345,1364]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1369,1388]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1369,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Anal-fin base length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1369,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">33.7</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1369,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1369,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">32.5-34.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1369,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">33.6</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1369,1388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1394,1413]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1394,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Anal-fin lobe length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1394,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">16.0</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1394,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1394,1413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">15.1-18.0</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1394,1413]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">16.2</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1394,1413]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1418,1437]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1418,1437]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Eye to dorsal-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1418,1437]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">34.1</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1418,1437]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1418,1437]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">32.6-35.0</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1418,1437]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">33.7</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1418,1437]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1443,1462]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1443,1462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1443,1462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">49.4</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1443,1462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1443,1462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">49.4-52.5</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1443,1462]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">51.1</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1443,1462]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1467,1486]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1467,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Head length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1467,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">32.5</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1467,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1467,1486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">30.4-33.6</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1467,1486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">32.1</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1467,1486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1492,1511]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1492,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Horizontal eye diameter</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1492,1511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">34.4</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1492,1511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1492,1511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">32.6-36.5</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1492,1511]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">34.7</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1492,1511]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1516,1535]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1516,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Snout length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1516,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">29.6</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1516,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1516,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">27.5-30.8</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1516,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">29.0</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1516,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1541,1560]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1541,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Least interorbital width</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1541,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">18.5</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1541,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1541,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">17.0-20.0</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1541,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">18.5</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1541,1560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[836,1473,1565,1584]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<td box="[836,1135,1565,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Upper jaw length</td>
<td box="[1170,1247,1565,1584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">65.5</td>
<td box="[1259,1280,1565,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">12</td>
<td box="[1292,1374,1565,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">64.7-67.7</td>
<td box="[1386,1435,1565,1584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">66.4</td>
<td box="[1446,1473,1565,1584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">1.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,794,1377,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,296,1377,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<typeStatus box="[523,620,1377,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">holotype</typeStatus>
and additional specimens presented in
<tableCitation box="[421,522,1409,1432]" captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="11.[831,894,844,867]" captionText="Table 12. Morphometrics of Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from: MCP 30420 (holotype), 39930, MZUSP 62847, 62845 (paratypes)." pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Table 12</tableCitation>
. Body moderately large (SL=64.0-93.0 mm). Body form, dorsal and ventral body profiles, shape of snout and mouth and extension of maxilla as in
<taxonomicName box="[151,264,1504,1528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[151,264,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,794,1377,1976]" lastBlockId="11.[831,1475,1634,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
Dorsal fin rays ii,
<quantity box="[369,408,1537,1560]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
all specimens, n=12, including
<typeStatus pageId="11" pageNumber="396">holotype</typeStatus>
. Posterior most ray unbranched, n=12. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iv,28 (iv or v, usually iv unbranched, branched rays mean=29, range 27-31, n=12, posterior ray split to its base and counted as 1). Moderately developed anal-fin lobe including anterior unbranched rays and first 6-7 branched rays.Anal fin of six sexually mature males with bilateral hooks on posterior anterior branched rays. One specimen (
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP30420" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">MCP 30420</accessionNumber>
, 79 mm SL) has the first 15 branched rays bearing hooks. Number of hooks per ray decreasing from anterior most to posterior most rays (8 hooks on first, 17 on second, 7 on seventh, 3 on 13th and 1 on 15th). Pectoral-fin rays i,15 (anterior unbranched rays i, n=12, branched rays mean 14.6, range 14-15, n=12). Posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays reaching slightly beyond pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,7, n=12. No hooks on pelvic-fin rays of sexually mature males. Distal tips of longest pelvic-fin rays reaching anterior border of anus. Principal caudal-fin ray count 10/9, n=12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1475,1634,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">Lateral line complete, perforated scales 74 (mean=72.6, range 70-75, n=12). Scale rows above lateral line 13 (men=13.4, range 13-14, n=12). Scale rows below lateral line 13 (mean=12.6, range 12-13, n=12). Scale rows around caudal peduncle 23 (mean=23.1, range=23-24, n=12).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1475,1634,1977]" lastBlockId="12.[158,801,704,1111]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">
Shape, size and arrangement of teeth on premaxilla, maxilla and dentary as in
<taxonomicName box="[1075,1190,1953,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[1075,1190,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="396">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Outer row small conical teeth on premaxilla 7 (mean=7.2, range 6-8, n=12). Maxillary teeth 41 (mean=42.4, range 40-46, n=12), with no clear tendency to increase in number with an increase in standard length (
<figureCitation box="[241,308,800,823]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,197,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[161,1474,1110,1643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Scatter plot of number of maxillary teeth on standard length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, A. pallidus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines were not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the maxilla to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Posterior row dentary teeth 31 (mean=30.1, range 27-34, n=12). Inner row dentary teeth 11 (mean=10.2, range 8-12, n=12).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418813/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" startId="12.[158,197,598,621]" targetBox="[161,1484,192,578]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,1482,597,653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,234,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Fig. 13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[246,599,597,621]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[246,498,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Acestrocephalus acutus</emphasis>
, MZUSP
</taxonomicName>
31650, holotype, mature female, 80 mm SL, igarapé do Cinzento, rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins drainage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,801,704,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Vertebrae 37 (mean=37.4, range 37-38, n=11). Total number of gill rakers on first gill-arch 8 (mean=7.2, range 7-8, n=12).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,801,704,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
Muscular hiatus of pseudotympanum (
<figureCitation box="[617,693,960,983]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
) reduced, much longer than deep, exposed first pleural rib scarcely visible, second pleural rib slightly more visible, but
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">obliquus inferioris</emphasis>
muscle fibers entirely covered by ventral fibers of
<emphasis box="[158,372,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">obliquus superioris</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,801,1151,1271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,336,1152,1175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Color in alcohol</emphasis>
. Similar to that of
<taxonomicName box="[525,634,1151,1175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[525,634,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but dark lateral body stripe broader along entire length (compare
<figureCitation box="[684,756,1184,1207]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,190,750,773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetId="figure-450@3.[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Acestrocephalus sardina, MZUSP 81209, 93 mm SL, immature female, rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418793/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[158,186,1216,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,190,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetId="figure-439@11.[151,1474,192,745]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 12. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, MCP 30420, holotype, mature male, 83 mm SL, rioArinos, rio Tapajós drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418811/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">12</figureCitation>
) darker anteriorly; diffuse dark blotch on mental area of lower jaw less conspicuous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,801,1311,1399]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,299,1312,1335]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[311,642,1311,1335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[311,642,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the rios Arinos and Juruena, and rio Tapajós basin (
<figureCitation box="[702,765,1344,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[831,870,571,594]" captionTargetBox="[831,1470,194,549]" captionTargetId="figure-823@5.[831,1474,194,549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 8. Map of northern and central South America showing the geographic distribution of the species of Acestrocephalus. Some symbols may represent more than one locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) in the state of
<collectingRegion box="[287,431,1376,1399]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,801,1440,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,282,1440,1463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Etymology</emphasis>
. The first part of the species name
<emphasis box="[657,714,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">niger</emphasis>
is Latin for black and the second part
<emphasis box="[481,577,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">fasciatus</emphasis>
is also derived from the Latin word “fascia” meaning band or stripe, in reference to the dark lateral body stripe of this species. Both names are adjectives.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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