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<document id="FBEBC4B678928FCCAEED703E04A99EB5" ID-CLB-Dataset="267792" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5344.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="40bbb946-727e-47fb-a2c5-94ebda5cb2f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346050" ID-ZooBank="DCF48473-AC31-4CDB-808F-453F8F280002" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1694704746211" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gąsiorek, Piotr &amp; Vončina, Katarzyna" docDate="2023" docId="8119D633B96BFFDA1CEDFA6ABC35FF57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5344.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5344 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5344.1.1/51852" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="7D20AE4BB941FFF71C7AFFA8B971FFAE" masterDocTitle="Atlas of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of the World-part I: West Palaearctic Echiniscus species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1699675411915" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="87E4FB1EB356623688571A0A13149960">Atlas of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of the World-part I: West Palaearctic Echiniscus species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99D124E22A0C6DE673BA81F9C6EAB2CC">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="799F6D44A6F2AA6527193FFF4F711FF1">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland. &amp; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350; Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8D91380F7E8583C5BA1808F11B76F472">Vončina, Katarzyna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5BA5EB0FA9B7375EC66E17828D5D7383">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland. &amp; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. katarzyna. voncina @ senckenberg. de https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3210 - 0407 Correspondence: piotr. lukas. gasiorek @ gmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2814 - 8117 &amp; Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2EB0500C6F66E1BE11D05127A3E24A18" type="email">katarzyna.voncina@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="8119D633B96BFFDA1CEDFA6ABC35FF57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346299" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213153081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8119D633B96BFFDA1CEDFA6ABC35FF57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8119D633B96BFFDA1CEDFA6ABC35FF57" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB96BFFDD1CEDFA6ABBA2FA72" box="[151,723,1474,1501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96BFFDD1CEDFA6ABBA2FA72" blockId="42.[151,723,1474,1536]" box="[151,723,1474,1501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="5247D049B96BFFDD1CEDFA6ABBA2FA72" bold="true" box="[151,723,1474,1501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1CEDFA6ABBA2FA72" bold="true" box="[151,723,1474,1501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1CEDFA6AB9CDFA72" bold="true" box="[151,188,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96BFFDD1CBDFA6ABBA2FA72" ID-CoL="38G3C" ID-ENA="2517753" authority="Fontoura, 1982" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" box="[199,723,1474,1501]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1CBDFA6ABB7DFA73" bold="true" box="[199,524,1474,1501]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Echiniscus scabrospinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD1E6EFA6BBBA2FA72" author="Fontoura, P." box="[532,723,1474,1501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="5 - 19" refId="ref30968" refString="Fontoura, P. (1982) Deux nouvelles especes de tardigrades muscicoles du Portugal. Publicacles do Instituto de Zoologia &quot; Dr. Augusto Nobre &quot;, Faculdade de Ciencias do Porto, 165, 5 - 19." type="journal article" year="1982">Fontoura, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96BFFDD1CEDFA4EB849F9AE" box="[151,312,1510,1536]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 26" captionStart-1="FIGURE 27" captionStartId-0="43.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="44.[152,255,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@43.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@44.[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionText-0="FIGURE 26. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (females) A—dorsolateral view (PCM), B—dorsal view (SEM). Insert shows claws II. Scale bars in μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 27. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (PCM): A—dorsal plate sculpturing (close-up of the specimen from Figure 26A), B—larva. Black arrowheads indicate dark intracuticular rings, and white arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346109" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346112" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8346109/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8346112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figures 2627</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96BFFDD1CEDF987B86EF9E6" box="[151,287,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Terra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typica">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1CEDF987B86EF9E6" box="[151,287,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Terra typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B96BFFDD1D55F986B8E0F9E6" box="[303,401,1582,1608]" name="Portugal" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, Serra do Buçaco.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B96BFFDD1CBDF9FABBFCF953" blockId="42.[151,1436,1582,2041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Additional localities: (1)
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B96BFFDD1D96F9FABB25F9C2" box="[492,596,1618,1644]" name="Tanzania" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CB74A9C7B96BFFDD1E18F9FABA39F9C2" box="[610,840,1618,1644]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kilimanjaro Region</collectingRegion>
, Marangu (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD1FB4F9FABDB7F9C3" author="Binda, M. G. &amp; Pilato, G." box="[974,1222,1618,1645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref29201" refString="Binda, M. G. &amp; Pilato, G. (1995) Some notes on African tardigrades with a description of two new species. Tropical Zoology, 8 (2), 367 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1995.10539294" type="journal article" year="1995">Binda &amp; Pilato 1995</bibRefCitation>
); (2)
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B96BFFDD1973F9FABC1AF9C2" box="[1289,1387,1618,1644]" name="Portugal" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingRegion id="CB74A9C7B96BFFDD1CEDF9DFB998F93F" box="[151,233,1655,1681]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Azores</collectingRegion>
, Faial Island, Miradouro da Praia Norte (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD1EB0F9DFBACCF93F" author="Fontoura, P. &amp; Pilato, G. &amp; Lisi, O." box="[714,957,1654,1681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="49 - 61" refId="ref31075" refString="Fontoura, P., Pilato, G. &amp; Lisi, O. (2008) Echiniscidae (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) from Faial and Pico Islands, the Azores, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 1693 (1), 49 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1693.1.4" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fontoura
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1F41F9DFBA1EF93E" box="[827,879,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
); (3)
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,
<geoCoordinate id="6C8401E2B96BFFDD18E6F9DEBC50F93F" box="[1180,1313,1654,1681]" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-9.421667">9°2518W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="CE48CAC0B96BFFDD194AF9DEBC1DF93F" box="[1328,1388,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
asl:
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B96BFFDD1CEDF932B988F91A" box="[151,249,1690,1716]" name="Portugal" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, Cascais (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD1D16F932BB1BF91A" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Stec, D. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[364,618,1690,1717]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="633 - 653" refId="ref31563" refString="Gasiorek, P., Morek, W., Stec, D. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2019 b) Untangling the Echiniscus Gordian knot: paraphyly of the &quot; arctomys group &quot; (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Cladistics, 35 (6), 633 - 653. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12377" type="journal article" year="2019">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1DA6F933BB7EF91A" box="[476,527,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2019b
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); (4) a number of records from
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B96BFFDD1FACF932BD16F91A" box="[982,1127,1690,1716]" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD180DF932BC16F91B" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Voncina, K. &amp; Bochnak, M. &amp; Surmacz, B. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[1143,1383,1690,1717]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref31868" refString="Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Bochnak, M., Surmacz, B., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2022) Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa. Zootaxa, 5156 (1), 1 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5156.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD189DF933BC6BF91A" box="[1255,1306,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
); (5)
<geoCoordinate id="6C8401E2B96BFFDD1CEDF916B852F976" box="[151,291,1726,1752]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="06" value="32.735">32°4406”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6C8401E2B96BFFDD1D54F916B8CCF977" box="[302,445,1726,1753]" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-16.88611">16°5310”W</geoCoordinate>
,
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asl: Madeira, Ribeiro Frio, lichens from rock in laurel forest, Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik coll. on
<date id="7D0E41E5B96BFFDD1D3DF94BBB5CF953" box="[327,557,1762,1789]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2021-09-20">
20
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September 2021
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(
<specimenCount id="1FB6ACACB96BFFDD1E47F94BBB0CF953" box="[573,637,1763,1789]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB96BFFDD1CBDF8AEBBEEF8EA" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96BFFDD1CBDF8AEBBEEF8EA" blockId="42.[151,1436,1582,2041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Etymology: From Latin
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1DA1F8AEBB57F88E" box="[475,550,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">scaber</emphasis>
= rough/scabrous +
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1F6AF8AFBA01F88E" box="[784,880,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spinosus</emphasis>
= spiny, stressing the delicate serration of spines
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1CEDF883B9C2F896" box="[151,179,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB96BFFDD1CEDF883B9C2F896" attach="left" box="[151,179,1834,1860]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dd</superScript>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1C90F883B98AF8EA" box="[234,251,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
. An adjective in nominative singular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB96BFFDB1CBDF8E6BA92F804" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96BFFDB1CBDF8E6BA92F804" blockId="42.[151,1436,1582,2041]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,1864,2034]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Shortened description. Small to medium-sized (
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1EA4F8E7BB89F8C6" box="[734,760,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ca</emphasis>
. 170250 μm). Body appendage configuration
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1977F8E7BCE4F8C6" box="[1293,1429,1870,1897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB96BFFDD1977F8E7BCF3F8C6" attach="left" box="[1293,1410,1870,1897]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A-C-D-Dd-</superScript>
E
</emphasis>
, with frequent asymmetries. Spine
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1E61F8DBBB46F82E" box="[539,567,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB96BFFDD1E61F8DBBB46F82E" attach="left" box="[539,567,1906,1932]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dd</superScript>
</emphasis>
usually the longest among all spines. Spines
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD183BF8DBBD2DF82E" box="[1089,1116,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB96BFFDD183BF8DBBD2DF82E" attach="left" box="[1089,1116,1906,1932]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dd</superScript>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD18E2F8DBBDD8F822" box="[1176,1193,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
may be serrated (see
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96BFFDD1CEDF83EB806F81F" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Voncina, K. &amp; Bochnak, M. &amp; Surmacz, B. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[151,375,1942,1969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref31868" refString="Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Bochnak, M., Surmacz, B., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2022) Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa. Zootaxa, 5156 (1), 1 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5156.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1D7BF83FB841F81E" box="[257,304,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
) or smooth (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96BFFDD1E78F83EBB25F81E" box="[514,596,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="43.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@43.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 26. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (females) A—dorsolateral view (PCM), B—dorsal view (SEM). Insert shows claws II. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346109/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Dorsal plate sculpturing of the
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96BFFDD1FC1F83EBD5EF81E" box="[955,1071,1942,1968]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96BFFDD1FC1F83EBD5EF81E" box="[955,1071,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="D60BD987B96BFFDD184FF83FBD16F81F" box="[1077,1127,1943,1969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
, with large pores containing dark intracuticular rings (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96BFFDD1DC8F812BB68F87B" box="[434,537,1978,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="44.[152,255,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@44.[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 27. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (PCM): A—dorsal plate sculpturing (close-up of the specimen from Figure 26A), B—larva. Black arrowheads indicate dark intracuticular rings, and white arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
, black arrowheads). Caudal plate often with epicuticular ridges forming faceting (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96BFFDD1CE5F876B985F856" box="[159,244,2014,2040]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="43.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@43.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 26. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (females) A—dorsolateral view (PCM), B—dorsal view (SEM). Insert shows claws II. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346109/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96BFFDD1D7AF877B840F857" box="[256,305,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="44.[152,255,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@44.[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 27. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (PCM): A—dorsal plate sculpturing (close-up of the specimen from Figure 26A), B—larva. Black arrowheads indicate dark intracuticular rings, and white arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">27A</figureCitation>
, white arrowheads). Dentate collar IV with numerous (usually more than 10) short teeth. Claws small, with minute, needle-like primary spurs closely positioned to claw bases (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96DFFDB1F9BF8E0BD3AF8CC" box="[993,1099,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="43.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@43.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 26. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (females) A—dorsolateral view (PCM), B—dorsal view (SEM). Insert shows claws II. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346109/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
, insert). Larvae with reduced chaetotaxy, their body appendage formula:
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1EEEF8C4BBA3F828" box="[660,722,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A-(E)</emphasis>
, where spines
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1FFCF8C4BAE6F82B" box="[902,919,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
are frequently missing (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B96DFFDB18C1F8C4BC57F828" box="[1211,1318,1900,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="44.[152,255,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@44.[151,1435,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 27. Echiniscus scabrospinosus from Portugal (PCM): A—dorsal plate sculpturing (close-up of the specimen from Figure 26A), B—larva. Black arrowheads indicate dark intracuticular rings, and white arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346112/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
). Anterior portions of pIII, m2, and the entire m3 with poorly developed sculpturing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5DCF37ADB96AFFDC1CE2F83FB89AF87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346109/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96AFFDC1CE2F83FB89AF87A" blockId="43.[151,1404,1943,2004]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96AFFDC1CE2F83FB854F801" bold="true" box="[152,293,1943,1967]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96AFFDC1D51F83FBB4BF801" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" box="[299,570,1943,1967]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96AFFDC1D51F83FBB4BF801" box="[299,570,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Echiniscus scabrospinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Portugal (females) A—dorsolateral view (PCM), B—dorsal view (SEM). Insert shows claws II. Scale bars in μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5DCF37ADB96DFFDB1CE2F911BB5CF8B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346112/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[152,255,1721,1745]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1697]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96DFFDB1CE2F911BB5CF8B4" blockId="44.[151,1436,1721,1818]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1CE2F911B856F97F" bold="true" box="[152,295,1721,1745]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96DFFDB1D55F911BB31F97F" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" box="[303,576,1721,1745]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1D55F911BB31F97F" box="[303,576,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echiniscus scabrospinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Portugal (PCM): A—dorsal plate sculpturing (close-up of the specimen from Figure 26A), B—larva. Black arrowheads indicate dark intracuticular rings, and white arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB96DFFDA1CBDF81CBC35FF57" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="090F6725B96DFFDB1CBDF81CB846F85C" blockId="44.[151,1437,1864,2034]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Phylogenetic position: The sister species of
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96DFFDB1EBEF81CBD6EF860" authority="Gasiorek et al., 2022" authorityName="Gasiorek" authorityYear="2022" box="[708,1055,1972,1998]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="oreas">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1EBEF81CBA52F863" box="[708,803,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. oreas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96DFFDB1F57F81CBD6EF860" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Voncina, K. &amp; Bochnak, M. &amp; Surmacz, B. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[813,1055,1972,1998]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref31868" refString="Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Bochnak, M., Surmacz, B., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2022) Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa. Zootaxa, 5156 (1), 1 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5156.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB1FE1F81CBABEF860" box="[923,975,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
., 2022
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 12) within the
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96DFFDB195CF81CBCEDF860" box="[1318,1436,1972,1998]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96DFFDB195CF81CBCEDF860" box="[1318,1436,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphogroup.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B96CFFDA1CBDFF3FBC35FF57" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,249]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Remarks: This species has a broad geographic distribution extending from the South-Western Palaearctic to the southernmost localities in the Afrotropical region (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96CFFDA1E81FF13BA96FF7B" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Voncina, K. &amp; Bochnak, M. &amp; Surmacz, B. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[763,999,187,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref31868" refString="Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Bochnak, M., Surmacz, B., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2022) Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa. Zootaxa, 5156 (1), 1 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5156.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96CFFDA1F13FF13BAEAFF7B" box="[873,923,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
). The species is quite variable and was confused in the past with other species from completely unrelated clades of
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B96CFFDA1F90FF77BC4EFF57" authority="(Pilato et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Pilato" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1002,1343,223,249]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96CFFDA1F90FF77BD12FF57" box="[1002,1123,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B96CFFDA1808FF77BC49FF57" author="Pilato, G. &amp; Fontoura, P. &amp; Lisi, O. &amp; Beasley, C." box="[1138,1336,223,249]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="41 - 54" refId="ref36656" refString="Pilato, G., Fontoura, P., Lisi, O. &amp; Beasley, C. (2008) New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China. Zootaxa, 1856 (1), 41 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1856.1.4" type="journal article" year="2008">
Pilato
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B96CFFDA18C6FF77BD9CFF57" box="[1212,1261,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>