treatments-xml/data/03/F5/BE/03F5BE76FFCFDB10FF43FE42869AF93F.xml

<document id="CBFB72E788A38DFE1D6AD440AD2EFA34" ID-CLB-Dataset="46020" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207642" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c709d2ea-71b8-43ac-87d2-4b3aa1323d77" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207642" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460408200199" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Catenazzi, Alessandro &amp; Blackburn, David C." docDate="2011" docId="03F5BE76FFCFDB10FF43FE42869AF93F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03095p014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3095" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gastrotheca nebulanastes Duellman, Catenazzi &amp; Blackburn, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFCCC60EFFCDDB1BFFD4FFF7843CFF80" masterDocTitle="A new species of marsupial frog (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of southern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698300101540" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B689E6370E562FA2B38B099301C11E93" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="ECD1752515C08775DF2FAF3943AAA4C3">
<mods:title id="FFF9C1AAB54AF7386AFFECE75209924D">A new species of marsupial frog (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of southern Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="871929F716565F9FDEC18C4DDE40007D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7A16B7B53CB5E0848727A0CCDA68FE08">
<mods:roleTerm id="2D3757B8CDEF67A5FD7F9948810CD7D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="98CEC2AF50AAB9C93290BBBDE52B2D4E">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="887DB366BA62E23777E19E40D9555872" type="personal">
<mods:role id="66F64767FCC7CE996FDD35614BE4EF84">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C526F0A478BBFB4A28E5C262DA9ED42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5E572254DE662190B1F64E0A97805A26">Catenazzi, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A347A823B69B4FF7CE2C67B22AB227C8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A1139D898A4BC66E16C8A74B97144DA1">
<mods:roleTerm id="6409935EB3583D040C4ED1CCC93D1CB6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="915C0866EAB63D9E1197D67D825C2DDA">Blackburn, David C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DB1D3E8DFC51CF9F42700683026F44A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="047DEA1A9AFDF21591E8FA5BFCF1FF4E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D67701E4C30BBEC038098B7D473C31EB">
<mods:title id="8E3A07DB85853AA0F3F91C938F3359E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5FE5F979A9190AEC8CB286F5EFFFAC92">
<mods:date id="A182B7EC49417F8B47D7686769DFE251">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1346200A7F32A67AC35D3838195A057F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="83783A642B9965BBBBFB7F4989653B35">3095</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BDA0E4052B34EBB2CFA6CAA2A33AB1B3" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4DCB10B69BCC2018388774818DED9EC8">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="22044FD35A1F21D4D2332C2A47177EB2">14</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7D658D038CC04870780F38D1DD0A923B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="01451E6BE2FF9203F12AD067FA68F113" type="CLB-Dataset">46020</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA7112282A4EE0AF2AFA7F26E22963AF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.207642</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C1845524FFD1ED1979BD892112479E29" type="GBIF-Dataset">c709d2ea-71b8-43ac-87d2-4b3aa1323d77</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46AFBD99AEF85D80F276634082B463DF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="52963BD1C1560351B7C2DD5EDD4D91E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">207642</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F5BE76FFCFDB10FF43FE42869AF93F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5BE76FFCFDB10FF43FE42869AF93F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5BE76FFCFDB10FF43FE42869AF93F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFCFDB19FF43FE42865AFE4F" box="[151,614,437,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF43FE42865AFE4F" blockId="2.[151,614,437,463]" box="[151,614,437,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0ABB80CFFCFDB19FF43FE42865AFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,614,437,463]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF43FE42865AFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,614,437,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FF43FE4285F3FE4F" ID-CoL="6K9WJ" box="[151,463,437,463]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF43FE4285F3FE4F" bold="true" box="[151,463,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B6E09FFCFDB19FE02FE42865AFE4F" box="[470,614,437,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFCFDB19FF43FE0B803CFBF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF43FE0B802DFDDC" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF43FE0B8531FD94" bold="true" box="[151,269,508,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFCFDB19FF43FE0B8534FD94" box="[151,264,508,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFCFDB19FEC1FE0A85A7FD94" box="[277,411,508,532]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173210" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KU 173210</accessionNumber>
, an adult female (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FDB3FE0B86FEFD94" box="[615,706,508,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), from Buenos Aires (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FC6BFE0B803EFD94" box="[959,1026,508,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A), on Paucartambo–Pilcopata road, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FF43FDE884D1FDB7" box="[151,237,543,567]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2280.0">2280 m</quantity>
, 13˚09'16&quot; S, 71˚35'11&quot;W, Distrito de Kosñipata, Provincia de Paucartambo, Región de Cusco, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCFDB19FAC1FDD78177FDB7" box="[1301,1355,544,567]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
, one of a series obtained on 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FEAFFDB3860BFDDC" box="[379,567,580,605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1977-01-19">19 January 1977</date>
, by W. E. Duellman and D. C. Cannatella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF13FD9F8716FC67" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF13FD9F8574FD00" bold="true" box="[199,328,616,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFCFDB19FF13FD9F857FFD00" box="[199,323,616,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
All on Paucartambo–Pilcopata road, Distrito de Kosñipata, Provincia de Paucartambo, Región de Cusco, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCFDB19FF24FD7A8514FD24" box="[240,296,653,676]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
: 
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFCFDB19FEE2FD7A8582FD24" box="[310,446,652,676]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173209" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KU 173209</accessionNumber>
(
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FE06FD7B8626FD24" box="[466,538,652,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B), 173211–12, 173214–17, males; 173208, 173213, 173218 (now skeleton), females, collected with the 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFCFDB19FE00FD588606FD47" box="[468,570,687,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FD92FD4786A0FD48" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[582,668,688,712]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AMNH</collectionCode>
153080, male, from vicinity of Pillahuata, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FB45FD5880D7FD48" box="[1169,1259,687,712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
, 13˚07'59.9&quot; S, 71˚25'36.1&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FE9CFD23863CFD6C" box="[328,512,724,748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1996-08-28">28 August 1996</date>
, A. Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FD7AFD238738FD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[686,772,724,748]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AMNH</collectionCode>
157005–06, males, from vicinity of Pillahuata, on Paucar-tambo—Pilcopata road, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FE7FFD00863FFC90" box="[427,515,759,784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2430.0">2430 m</quantity>
, 13˚09'52&quot; S, 71˚35'45&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FC90FD00803FFC8F" box="[836,1027,759,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1998-01-15">15 January 1998</date>
, L. 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCFDB19FBE4FD00807BFC8F" box="[1072,1095,759,783]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
. Rodríguez and A. Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FF43FCEB84D1FCB4" box="[151,237,796,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
20940, female, from Esperanza (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FDBEFCEB8692FCB4" box="[618,686,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B), 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FD0EFCEB870FFCB4" box="[730,819,796,820]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2780.0">2780 m</quantity>
, 13˚10'44.07&quot; S, 71˚36'33.10&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FB6EFCEB8148FCB4" box="[1210,1396,796,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1996-08-30">30 August 1996</date>
, A, Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FEC0FCC88559FCD7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[276,357,831,855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USNM</collectionCode>
298184–90, males, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FD9CFCC886AAFCD7" box="[584,662,831,855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
(by road) E Pillahuata, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FC76FCC88003FCD8" box="[930,1087,831,856]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2450.0" valueMax="2550.0" valueMin="2350.0">2350–2550 m</quantity>
, 13˚09'27.7&quot; S, 71˚35'29.8&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FF43FC93850AFCFC" box="[151,310,868,893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1984-05-16">16 May 1984</date>
, John E. Cadle; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FE2EFC928604FCFC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[506,568,869,892]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MVZ</collectionCode>
265218, male, between Buenos Aires and Estrella, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FB43FC9380CDFCFC" box="[1175,1265,868,892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FAD5FC9381ABFCFC" box="[1281,1431,868,892]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-13.144333">13°8'39.60&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FF43FC70850AFC1F" box="[151,310,903,927]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-71.58596">71°35'9.44&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FE96FC708632FC1F" box="[322,526,903,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2008-02-13">13 February 2008</date>
, A. Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FD6EFC70872CFC1F" box="[698,784,903,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
27888, juvenile, near Esperanza, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FB5BFC7080DAFC20" box="[1167,1254,903,928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2750.0">2750 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FB27FC7081A4FC1F" box="[1267,1432,903,927]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-13.178908">13°10'44.07&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FF43FC5B8578FC44" box="[151,324,940,964]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-71.60919">71°36'33.10&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FE84FC5B8626FC44" box="[336,538,940,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2008-02-21">21 February 2008</date>
, A. Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FD11FC5B8727FC44" box="[709,795,940,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
27943, male, between Estrella and Rocotal, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FAC5FC5B8155FC44" box="[1297,1385,940,964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2180.0">2180 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FAA1FC5B853BFC67" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-13.1308775">13° 7'51.16&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6869A7FFCFDB19FEC6FC388583FC67" box="[274,447,975,999]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-71.577126">71°34'37.65&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FE1EFC3886BAFC67" box="[458,646,975,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2009-02-02">2 February 2009</date>
, A. Catenazzi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF13FC04803CFBF8" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF13FC048581FB8C" bold="true" box="[199,445,1011,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
All from Paucartambo–Pilcopata road, Región de Cusco, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCFDB19FB8FFC0280AFFB8C" box="[1115,1171,1013,1036]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FB4BFC0380C9FB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1183,1269,1012,1036]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AMNH</collectionCode>
153079, juvenile, from vicinity of Pillahuata, on Paucartambo—Pilcopata road, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FC7EFBEF803AFBB0" box="[938,1030,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
, 13˚07'59.9&quot; S, 71˚25'36.1&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FA54FBEF8517FBD4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1996-08-28">28 August 1996</date>
, L. 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCFDB19FE8DFBCB854CFBD4" box="[345,368,1084,1108]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
. Rodríguez and A. Catenazzi; 
<collectionCode id="ED4D97A5FFCFDB19FD1BFBCB8719FBD4" box="[719,805,1084,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
20941–44, 20950–51; between Pillahuata, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FAC0FBCB8157FBD4" box="[1300,1387,1084,1108]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2580.0">2580 m</quantity>
and Esperanza, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FECCFB978553FBF8" box="[280,367,1120,1144]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2780.0">2780 m</quantity>
, 13˚09'52&quot; S, 71˚35'45&quot; W, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCFDB19FD7CFB978760FBF8" box="[680,860,1120,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1996-08-30">30 August 1996</date>
, A. Catenazzi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFCFDB1EFF13FB748772FEBF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF13FB7487F4FA18" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF13FB74857DFB1C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1155,1180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Placed in genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FDD6FB7386B7FB1C" box="[514,651,1156,1180]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FDD6FB7386B7FB1C" box="[514,651,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the unique feature of closed brood pouch on dorsum of female. A moderately small species (to 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FE0AFB5F867EFB40" box="[478,578,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="40.7">40.7 mm</quantity>
SVL) with (1) tibia length 49–56% SVL, slightly longer than foot; (2) interorbital distance about 1.5 times width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum moderately tubercular, not-co-ossified with skull, lacking transverse ridges; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I longer than II with discs notably wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) webbing basal between Toes III, IV, and V; other toes unwebbed; (10) dorsum brown with darker brown markings; (11) head markings consisting dark brown interorbital bar; (12) pale dorsolateral stripe absent; (13) flanks tan with black spots; (14) venter dull creamy tan; (15) brood pouch single, dorsal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB19FF13FA538564F914" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FF13FA5385D5FA3C" box="[199,489,1444,1468]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF13FA5385D5FA3C" box="[199,489,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FD6CFA52874EFA3C" box="[696,882,1444,1468]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FD6CFA52874EFA3C" box="[696,882,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and parapatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FB8DFA5280DDFA3C" box="[1113,1249,1444,1468]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FB8DFA5280DDFA3C" box="[1113,1249,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FACCFA5284FDFA60" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FACCFA528481FA60" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">G. marsupiata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which occur at higher elevations (above 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCFDB19FD58FA3F86DEFA60" box="[652,738,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
, roughly corresponding to the lower limit of grasslands shown in 
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FF60FA1B8528F984" box="[180,276,1516,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[335,1187,380,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[332,1207,373,1316]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences (16 S ribosomal RNA genes) depicting the phylogenetic relationships of G. nebulanastes, with nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 70 % indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207645/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 4</figureCitation>
C). Univariate comparisons of measurements of male 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FCA5FA1A801EF984" box="[881,1058,1516,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FCA5FA1A801EF984" box="[881,1058,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FB8DFA1A80DEF984" box="[1113,1250,1516,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FB8DFA1A80DEF984" box="[1113,1250,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveal that male 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FF43F9E78574F9A8" box="[151,328,1552,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FF43F9E78574F9A8" box="[151,328,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have longer tibia and Finger I (i.e., thumb), as well as some subtle differences in head proportions (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFCFDB19FF4AF9C384CEF9CC" box="[158,242,1588,1612]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,551,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Univariate statistics for adults of Gastrotheca excubitor and Gastrotheca nebulanastes. Females of G. nebulanastes were not used for between-sexes and between-species statistics." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
), all variables load strongly and positively on the first Principal Component axis, PC1; the strongest loadings on PC1 are snout–vent length, tibia length, foot length, interorbital distance, and lengths of the first and third fingers (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFCFDB19FF27F98B8577F914" box="[243,331,1660,1684]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,255,276]" captionTargetBox="[159,1327,434,1135]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Results from the Principal Component Analysis of 14 meristic characters (nostril – jaw and disc width not included) of adults of two populations of Gastrotheca. The three highest loadings for each component are in boldface. Component PC 1 PC 2 PC 3 PC 4 PC 5 Loadings" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCFDB18FF13F957804AFE77" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2008]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,503]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The strongest loadings on PC2 indicate an inverse relationship between internarial distance and both eyelid width and the distance between the eye and nostril (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFCFDB19FD34F9338704F95C" box="[736,824,1732,1756]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,255,276]" captionTargetBox="[159,1327,434,1135]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Results from the Principal Component Analysis of 14 meristic characters (nostril – jaw and disc width not included) of adults of two populations of Gastrotheca. The three highest loadings for each component are in boldface. Component PC 1 PC 2 PC 3 PC 4 PC 5 Loadings" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Thus, as in the univariate comparisons, the principal components analysis indicates subtle differences in head shape between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FC05F91E80BFF880" box="[977,1155,1768,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FC05F91E80BFF880" box="[977,1155,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FB69F91E817AF880" box="[1213,1350,1768,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FB69F91E817AF880" box="[1213,1350,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, scatterplots of the first two principal components axes reveal that these two species occupy distinct regions of morphospace (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCFDB19FEEBF8C785B9F8C8" box="[319,389,1840,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1227,1250]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,301,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[172,1415,301,1206]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Principle components analysis of 14 meristic characters (nostril – jaw and disc width not included) of adults of two populations of Gastrotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Other comparisons indicate that these two species differ in other proportions. The tibia length is less than 50% of SVL in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FDF1F8A28693F8EC" box="[549,687,1876,1900]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FDF1F8A28693F8EC" box="[549,687,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and more than 50% of SVL in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FBC9F8A280F7F8EC" box="[1053,1227,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. n e b u l a n a s t e s</emphasis>
; the length of the tibia is less than the length of the foot in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FD8EF88E86DEF810" box="[602,738,1912,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FD8EF88E86DEF810" box="[602,738,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but greater than the length of the foot in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FB7DF88E815CF810" box="[1193,1376,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FB7DF88E8160F810" box="[1193,1372,1912,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FA50F88E853DF834" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FA50F88E853DF834" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the snout is bluntly rounded in profile, whereas it is truncate in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FC3EF86A8098F834" box="[1002,1188,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FC3EF86A809CF834" box="[1002,1184,1948,1972]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which has a coarsely granular dorsum compared to the smooth dorsum in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCFDB19FCD2F83687A4F858" box="[774,920,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCFDB19FCD2F83687AFF858" box="[774,915,1984,2008]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Other structural differences include relative lengths of Fingers I and II (Finger I equal to, or shorter than Finger II in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC68FF6F8079FF30" box="[956,1093,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC68FF6F8079FF30" box="[956,1093,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and longer than Finger II in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FA50FF6F8515FF54" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FA50FF6F8515FF54" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), inner tarsal fold weak on distal half of tarsus in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC85FF4A87E5FF54" box="[849,985,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC85FF4A87E5FF54" box="[849,985,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absent in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FBADFF4A8115FF54" box="[1145,1321,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
G, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FB43FF4B8115FF54" box="[1175,1321,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), and toes about one-third webbed in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FE12FF17866EFF78" box="[454,594,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FE12FF178673FF78" box="[454,591,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in contrast to only basal webbing in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC27FF178090FF78" box="[1011,1196,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC27FF178094FF78" box="[1011,1192,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The two species also differ in coloration (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCEDB18FEADFEF385EDFE9C" box="[377,465,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
–D); a dark canthal stripe and pale labial stripe are present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FBAAFEF2813AFE9C" box="[1150,1286,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FBAAFEF2813AFE9C" box="[1150,1286,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but absent in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FF43FEDF8573FEC0" box="[151,335,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FF43FEDF8577FEC0" box="[151,331,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which as dark brown vertical bars on the anterior surfaces of the thighs in contrast these surfaces being uniform tan or tan with brown mottling in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FD61FEBA877DFEE4" box="[693,833,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FD61FEBA8701FEE4" box="[693,829,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Finally, the number of pulses and the amplitude modulation of long notes differ between the two species (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFCEDB18FD3FFE98877FFE07" box="[747,835,367,391]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,235,1494,1515]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of call variables between species of Gastrotheca from the upper Kosñipata valley." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 3</tableCitation>
; Fig. 3). In 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC1CFE878046FE08" box="[968,1146,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC1CFE878046FE08" box="[968,1146,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, long notes have a higher number of pulses (F1,42 = 11.9, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FE28FE628636FE2C" box="[508,522,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p</emphasis>
= 0.001) and pulse amplitude is variable among calls than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FB03FE62815CFE2C" box="[1239,1376,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FB03FE62815CFE2C" box="[1239,1376,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dominant frequency of the secondary (short) note is lower than the fundamental frequency of the long note in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FA50FE4C8515FE77" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FA50FE4C8515FE77" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but higher than the fundamental frequency of the long note in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC3CFE178053FE77" box="[1000,1135,479,503]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC3CFE178053FE77" box="[1000,1135,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFCEDB18FF43FDD08721FDDB" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FF43FDD08721FDDB" blockId="3.[151,1436,550,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FF43FDD08538FDBC" bold="true" box="[151,260,551,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Univariate statistics for adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FD89FDD0877CFDBD" box="[605,832,551,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FD89FDD0877CFDBD" box="[605,832,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gastrotheca excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FCA5FDD08043FDBD" box="[881,1151,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FCA5FDD08047FDBD" box="[881,1147,551,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FB28FDD081A0FDBD" box="[1276,1436,551,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FB28FDD081A0FDBD" box="[1276,1436,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not used for between-sexes and between-species statistics.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFD7280EBFD1A" blockId="3.[151,1303,644,697]" box="[361,1239,644,666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FEBDFD7285D8FD1A" box="[361,484,644,666]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FEBDFD7285D8FD1A" box="[361,484,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(23 3, 15 Ƥ) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FC6FFD728067FD1A" box="[955,1115,644,666]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC6FFD728067FD1A" box="[955,1115,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(18 3, 5 Ƥ)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FF43FD55812BFD38" blockId="3.[151,1303,644,697]" box="[151,1303,674,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Character Sex Mean Range SD Mean Range SD</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FF43FD15811FFCB4" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Snout-vent 3 33.7 20.9–38.7 3.47 35.4 32.3–38.3 1.74 length Ƥ 35.8 32.6–40.8 2.78* 37.7 35.8–40.7 1.81 Tibia length 3 16.9 15.0–19.5 1.11** 18.3 17.0–19.7 0.68</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFCC9811FFCF1" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 17.5 15.2–19.1 1.33 20.3 19.4–21.4 0.73 Foot length 3 16.5 14.6–18.9 1.17 16.6 13.8–18.5 1.02</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFC8C811FFC2F" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 17.2 14.9–19.3 1.43 18.1 17.5–18.8 0.51 Head length 3 11.6 10.6–13.1 0.70** 12.0 11.4–12.7 0.37</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFC4F811FFC6C" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 11.9 10.6–14.1 1.02 13.5 12.2–16.4 1.68 Head width 3 12.8 11.3–14.0 0.70 12.9 12.4–13.5 0.48</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFC01811FFBA9" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 13.3 12.0–15.3 1.15 14.0 12.5–14.9 0.95 Thumb length 3 6.2 5.2–7.2 0.46** 6.6 5.6–7.2 0.49</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFBC4811FFA9F" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 6.3 5.5–7.5 0.51 6.9 6.6–7.3 0.26 Third finger 3 11.1 9.7–12.4 0.74 11.5 10.3–11.9 0.47 length Ƥ 11.7 10.4–13.2 0.87* 12.6 12.0–13.3 0.48 Interorbital 3 4.4 3.8–5.0 0.33** 4.7 3.9–5.4 0.47 distance Ƥ 4.3 3.3–5.4 0.64 4.7 4.4–5.0 0.26 Internarial 3 2.2 2.0–2.5 0.15 2.4 1.5–2.9 0.48 distance Ƥ 2.4 2.1–2.8 0.16* 1.8 1.4–2.2 0.29 Eye-nostril 3 3.4 2.2–3.9 0.41** 3.1 2.8–3.3 0.13</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFADF811FFADC" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 3.5 2.9–4.3 0.45 3.3 3.1–3.6 0.19 Eye diameter 3 3.3 2.8–3.7 0.26** 3.4 2.7–3.8 0.24</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFA91811FFA57" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 3.5 2.9–4.3 0.49* 3.6 3.5–3.8 0.14 Tympanum 3 1.6 1.0–2.0 0.25** 1.8 1.4–2.1 0.25 diameter Ƥ 1.6 1.2–2.0 0.26 1.8 1.6–2.1 0.22 Eyelid width 3 3.2 2.8–3.8 0.28 3.1 2.9–3.2 0.08</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDFA17811FF994" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 3.1 2.4–3.6 0.42 3.2 3.1–3.3 0.08 Orbit-jaw 3 1.8 1.2–2.8 0.33** 1.4 1.1–1.6 0.20</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDF9E9811FF9D1" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 1.7 1.3–2.5 0.37 1.2 1.1–1.3 0.09 Nostril-jaw 3 2.7 1.7–3.3 0.35 2.7 2.0–3.0 0.30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDF9AC811FF90F" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 2.7 2.0–3.7 0.50 2.6 2.5–2.8 0.14 Disc width 3 1.6 1.3–2.0 0.20** 1.7 1.4–2.1 0.17</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FEBDF96F811FF92E" blockId="3.[151,1315,737,1710]" box="[361,1315,1688,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ƥ 1.7 1.4–2.8 0.34 2.1 2.0–2.3 0.15</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FF43F92087C5F96D" blockId="3.[151,1075,1750,1804]" box="[151,1017,1750,1773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
* Differences between means of sexes in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FDEEF920868AF96D" box="[570,694,1751,1773]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FDEEF920868AF96D" box="[570,694,1751,1773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
significant (ANOVA, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC4EF92F8795F96D" box="[922,937,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
≤ 0.01).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB18FF43F901800FF88C" blockId="3.[151,1075,1750,1804]" box="[151,1075,1781,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
** Differences between means for males of the two species significant (ANOVA, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FC00F90187DFF88B" box="[980,995,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
≤ 0.01).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCEDB1FFF13F8CF80FFFF77" blockId="3.[151,1436,1848,2016]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FF13F8CF85E2F8D0" box="[199,478,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FF13F8CF85E6F8D0" box="[199,474,1848,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">Gastrotheca marsupiata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which differs from all of the species considered here in the diagnosis by having eggs that hatch as tadpoles instead of direct development into froglets, also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FBE7F8AA80DFF8F4" box="[1075,1251,1884,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FBE7F8AA80DFF8F4" box="[1075,1251,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several structural features—more acutely rounded snout in dorsal view, skin on dorsum smooth with low rounded granules (coarsely granular in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FE52F852860BF83C" box="[390,567,1956,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FE52F852860BF83C" box="[390,567,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Finger I shorter than Finger II (longer than Finger II 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FB75F852816EF83C" box="[1185,1362,1956,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FB75F852816EF83C" box="[1185,1362,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), tibia length less than 50% of SVL and shorter than foot (greater than 50% of SVL and longer than foot 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCEDB18FB0FF83E81B7F860" box="[1243,1419,1992,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCEDB18FB0FF83E81B7F860" box="[1243,1419,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and distinct tarsal fold on distal half of tarsus (fold absent 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFCE5FF6F87DFFF30" box="[817,995,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFCE5FF6F87DFFF30" box="[817,995,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The dorsum is pale tan to pale green with irregular brown or green markings and a dark canthal stripe and pale labial stripe in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFB5EFF4A8114FF54" box="[1162,1320,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFB5EFF4A8114FF54" box="[1162,1320,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. marsupiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC9DB1FFAEDFF4B8141FF54" box="[1337,1405,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F), whereas the dorsum is much darker and canthal and labial stripes are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFBD8FF178080FF78" box="[1036,1212,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFBD8FF178080FF78" box="[1036,1212,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFC9DB1FFF43FB3C858EFA80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207643/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[175,1414,301,1198]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC9DB1FFF43FB3C858EFA80" blockId="4.[151,1436,1227,1280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFF43FB3C852FFB60" bold="true" box="[151,275,1227,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Principle components analysis of 14 meristic characters (nostril–jaw and disc width not included) of adults of two populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFEFBFB1D8592FA80" box="[303,430,1258,1280]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC9DB1FFF13FADA81A5F871" blockId="4.[151,1437,1325,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFF13FADA85C9FAC5" box="[199,501,1325,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFF13FADA85C9FAC5" box="[199,501,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gastrotheca antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is essentially sympatric with 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFC91FAD987C2FAC5" box="[837,1022,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFC91FAD987C6FAC5" box="[837,1018,1325,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFB12FAD98144FAC5" box="[1222,1400,1325,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFB12FAD98144FAC5" box="[1222,1400,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the skin on the dorsum weakly shagreened (coarsely granular in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFC35FAA680A9FAE9" box="[993,1173,1361,1385]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFC35FAA680A9FAE9" box="[993,1173,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a dark canthal stripe (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFEDFFA818580FA0D" box="[267,444,1397,1421]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFEDFFA818580FA0D" box="[267,444,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Finger I shorter than Finger II (I longer than II in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFC2BFA818093FA0D" box="[1023,1199,1397,1421]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFC2BFA818093FA0D" box="[1023,1199,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the interorbital distance less than the width of the upper eyelid (much greater than width of upper eyelid in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFB70FA6E8169FA31" box="[1188,1365,1433,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFB70FA6E8169FA31" box="[1188,1365,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC9DB1FFABAFA6F849AFA55" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Moreover, dominant frequencies range between 2544 and 3445 Hz in the advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFAC0FA4984E9FA79" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFAC0FA4984E9FA79" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only between 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC9DB1FFE68FA178657FA78" box="[444,619,1504,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1653" valueMax="1730">1653 and 1730</date>
Hz in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFD10FA168744FA79" box="[708,888,1505,1529]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFD10FA168744FA79" box="[708,888,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFC9DB1FFC5FFA1787D9FA78" box="[907,997,1504,1528]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,235,1494,1515]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of call variables between species of Gastrotheca from the upper Kosñipata valley." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 3</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFBD4FA1680C3FA79" box="[1024,1279,1505,1529]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFBD4FA1680C3FA79" box="[1024,1279,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gastrotheca excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a single, median brood pouch, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFE3FF9F18698F99D" box="[491,676,1541,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFE3FF9F18698F99D" box="[491,676,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has paired lateral brood pouches, a feature otherwise known only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFF43F9DE85CCF9C0" authority="Duellman, Lehr" authorityName="Duellman, Lehr" box="[151,496,1576,1601]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeugocystis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFF43F9DE8509F9C1" box="[151,309,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. zeugocystis</emphasis>
Duellman, Lehr
</taxonomicName>
, May, and Rodríguez in Región de Huánuco in the Andes in central 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC9DB1FFB3AF9DE8119F9C0" box="[1262,1317,1577,1600]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFAE4F9DE856BF9E5" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFAE4F9DE856BF9E5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFDBFF9B98782F9E5" authority="Duellman and Fritts" authorityName="Duellman and Fritts" box="[619,958,1613,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFDBFF9B986E9F9E5" box="[619,725,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. ochoai</emphasis>
Duellman and Fritts
</taxonomicName>
, a slightly smaller species, which is like 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFA50F9B98515F909" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFA50F9B98515F909" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the interorbital space being much greater than the width of the upper eyelid and discs on the fingers much wider than the adjacent digit, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFD14F9618712F92D" box="[704,814,1685,1709]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFD14F9618712F92D" box="[704,814,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFC1FF9618042F92D" box="[971,1150,1685,1709]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFC1FF9618042F92D" box="[971,1150,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an acuminate snout in dorsal view (bluntly rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFDB1F94E872AF951" box="[613,790,1721,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFDB1F94E872AF951" box="[613,790,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), smooth to finely granular skin on the dorsum (coarsely granular in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFECEF9298593F975" box="[282,431,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFECEF9298593F975" box="[282,431,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and Finger I shorter than Finger II (longer than Finger II in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFBB9F9298122F975" box="[1133,1310,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFBB9F9298122F975" box="[1133,1310,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The only other small species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFE44F8F68625F899" box="[400,537,1793,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFE44F8F68625F899" box="[400,537,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the humid slopes of the Andes in Central and Southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC9DB1FFB78F8F680E3F898" box="[1196,1247,1793,1816]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
are 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFADBF8F68576F8BD" authority="Duellman, Lehr" authorityName="Duellman, Lehr" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFADBF8F681A7F899" box="[1295,1435,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. atympana</emphasis>
Duellman, Lehr
</taxonomicName>
, May, and Rodríguez from Región de Junín, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFCE8F8D18097F8BD" authority="Duellman and Trueb" authorityName="Duellman and Trueb" box="[828,1195,1829,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebeccae">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFCE8F8D18783F8BD" box="[828,959,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. rebeccae</emphasis>
Duellman and Trueb
</taxonomicName>
from Región de Ayacucho, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFEC3F8BE8602F8E0" authority="Catenazzi" authorityName="Catenazzi" box="[279,574,1864,1889]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachachacae">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFEC3F8BE85F4F8E1" box="[279,456,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. pachachacae</emphasis>
Catenazzi
</taxonomicName>
and von May from Región de Apurímac. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFBC0F8BE812EF8E1" box="[1044,1298,1865,1889]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFBC0F8BE812EF8E1" box="[1044,1298,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gastrotheca atympana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in the genus by lacking a tympanum; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFDF7F899869AF805" box="[547,678,1901,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebeccae">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFDF7F899869AF805" box="[547,678,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. rebeccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is like 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFD2DF8998797F805" box="[761,939,1901,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFD2DF8998797F805" box="[761,939,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a broad interorbital area, discs on the fingers that are much wider the digits proximal to the disc, and a tibia longer than the foot, but differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFA50F8668515F84D" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFA50F8668515F84D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having Finger I shorter than Finger II (longer than Finger II in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC9DB1FFBE3F84180D6F84D" box="[1079,1258,1973,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFBE3F84180D6F84D" box="[1079,1258,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), snout acutely rounded in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in profile (bluntly rounded in dorsal view and truncate in profile in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC9DB1FFA50F82D81A5F871" box="[1412,1433,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC8DB1EFF43FF6F8772FEBF" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFF43FF6F8515FF30" box="[151,297,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF43FF6F8515FF30" box="[151,297,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), skin on dorsum smooth to weakly granular (coarsely granular in 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFBCAFF6F80F7FF30" box="[1054,1227,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. n e b u l a n a s t e s</emphasis>
), and by having a dark canthal stripe and pale labial stripe (stripes absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFCF6FF4A87EFFF54" box="[802,979,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFCF6FF4A870FFF54" box="[802,819,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFC95FF4B87EFFF54" box="[833,979,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFC3FFF4B8133FF54" box="[1003,1295,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachachacae">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFC3FFF4B8133FF54" box="[1003,1295,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gastrotheca pachachacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFF43FF17857BFF78" box="[151,327,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF43FF17857BFF78" box="[151,327,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a dark interorbital bar (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFCEEFF1787D7FF78" box="[826,1003,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFCEEFF1787D7FF78" box="[826,1003,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and in having a narrower interorbital area, shorter tibia, Finger I slightly longer than Finger II, and discs on the fingers that are slightly wider than digits proximal to discs (much wider than digits in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFD59FEDF8702FEC0" box="[653,830,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFD59FEDF8702FEC0" box="[653,830,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFC8DB1EFF43F9318044F899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC8DB1EFF43F9318044F899" blockId="5.[151,1436,1734,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF43F931850DF95C" bold="true" box="[151,305,1734,1757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2. A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFEE3F930867FF95D" box="[311,579,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFEE3F9308603F95D" box="[311,575,1735,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFC8DB1EFD9DF93086FEF95C" box="[585,706,1735,1756]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173210" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KU 173210</accessionNumber>
, female, 37.3 mm SVL. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFC6DF93087ECF95C" bold="true" box="[953,976,1735,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFC02F9308040F95D" box="[982,1148,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFC02F9308045F95D" box="[982,1145,1735,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">G. nebulanastes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFC8DB1EFB56F93080C6F95C" box="[1154,1274,1735,1756]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173209" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KU 173209</accessionNumber>
, male, 36.0 mm SVL. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF00F91284D1F97C" bold="true" box="[212,237,1765,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF21F9118549F97B" box="[245,373,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFF21F911854DF97B" box="[245,369,1765,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFD22F9118732F97B" bold="true" box="[758,782,1766,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D.</emphasis>
G. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFCE7F91287AAF97B" box="[819,918,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFCE7F91287AEF97B" box="[819,914,1765,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">excubitor</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFAD7F9118127F97B" bold="true" box="[1283,1307,1766,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFAF6F91184E9F89A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFAF6F91184EEF89A" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">G. antoniiochoai</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFDBEF8F38647F899" bold="true" box="[618,635,1796,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFD57F8F28725F89A" box="[643,793,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC8DB1EFD57F8F28729F89A" box="[643,789,1797,1818]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">G. marsupiata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFC8DB12FF13F8B18114F903" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC8DB1DFF13F8B18121FF55" blockId="5.[151,1436,1862,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC8DB1EFF13F8B185DAF8DF" bold="true" box="[199,486,1862,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFC8DB1EFEACF8B085DDF8DF" box="[376,481,1863,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Body robust; SVL 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC8DB1EFD10F8B08710F8DF" box="[708,812,1863,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7299999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="37.3">37.3 mm</quantity>
; head slightly wider than long; snout rounded in dorsal view and nearly truncate in profile, extending slightly beyond margin of lower lip; canthus rostralis round in section; loreal region slightly concave; lips round; top of head flat; interorbital distance 155% of width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils barely protuberant, directed laterally at terminus of canthus rostralis slightly posterior to level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye about equal to its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from eye by distance half again length of tympanum; tympanic annulus distinct, smooth; supratympanic fold weak, extending from posterior corner of orbit to point posterodorsal to tympanum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" ID-Table-UUID="DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF235FE8FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[159,1327,434,1135]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF43FF0884C2FE0E" blockId="6.[151,1436,254,398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCBDB1DFF43FF088538FE94" bold="true" box="[151,260,255,276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Results from the Principal Component Analysis of 14 meristic characters (nostril–jaw and disc width not included) of adults of two populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCBDB1DFE00FEEA866CFEB3" box="[468,592,285,307]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCBDB1DFE00FEEA866CFEB3" box="[468,592,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three highest loadings for each component are in boldface. Component PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 Loadings
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF4BFE44811EFBEF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="F95CFDC0FFCB24E4FF4BFE458113FBEF" box="[159,1327,434,1135]" gridcols="6" gridrows="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFE458113FE48" box="[159,1327,434,456]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFE458592FE48" box="[159,430,434,456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Snout–vent length</th>
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FE458667FE48" box="[546,603,434,456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.309</th>
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FE458726FE48" box="[724,794,434,456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.010</th>
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FE4587F7FE48" box="[901,971,434,456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.274</th>
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FE458041FE48" box="[1079,1149,434,456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.263</th>
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFE458113FE48" box="[1257,1327,434,456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.082</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFE2B8113FE72" box="[159,1327,476,498]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFE2B8592FE72" box="[159,430,476,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tibia length</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FE2B8667FE72" box="[546,603,476,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.324</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FE2B8726FE72" box="[724,794,476,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.058</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FE2B87F7FE72" box="[901,971,476,498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.254</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FE2B8041FE72" box="[1079,1149,476,498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.061</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFE2B8113FE72" box="[1257,1327,476,498]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.101</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFDF28113FD9B" box="[159,1327,517,539]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFDF28592FD9B" box="[159,430,517,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Foot length</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FDF28667FD9B" box="[546,603,517,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.314</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FDF28726FD9B" box="[724,794,517,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.195</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FDF287F7FD9B" box="[901,971,517,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.161</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FDF28041FD9B" box="[1079,1149,517,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.286</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFDF28113FD9B" box="[1257,1327,517,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.123</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFDD98113FDC4" box="[159,1327,558,580]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFDD98592FDC4" box="[159,430,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head length</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FDD98667FDC4" box="[546,603,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.285</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FDD98726FDC4" box="[724,794,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.044</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FDD987F7FDC4" box="[901,971,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.416</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FDD98041FDC4" box="[1079,1149,558,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.186</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFDD98113FDC4" box="[1257,1327,558,580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.229</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFDAF8113FDEE" box="[159,1327,600,622]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFDAF8592FDEE" box="[159,430,600,622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head width</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FDAF8667FDEE" box="[546,603,600,622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.287</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FDAF8726FDEE" box="[724,794,600,622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.281</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FDAF87F7FDEE" box="[901,971,600,622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.150</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FDAF8041FDEE" box="[1079,1149,600,622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.279</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFDAF8113FDEE" box="[1257,1327,600,622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.145</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFD768113FD17" box="[159,1327,641,663]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFD768592FD17" box="[159,430,641,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FD768667FD17" box="[546,603,641,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.306</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FD768726FD17" box="[724,794,641,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.140</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FD7687F7FD17" box="[901,971,641,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.184</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FD768041FD17" box="[1079,1149,641,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.175</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFD768113FD17" box="[1257,1327,641,663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.164</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFD5D8113FD40" box="[159,1327,682,704]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFD5D8592FD40" box="[159,430,682,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Internarial distance</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FD5D8667FD40" box="[546,603,682,704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.235</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FD5D8726FD40" box="[724,794,682,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.388</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FD5D87F7FD40" box="[901,971,682,704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.286</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FD5D8041FD40" box="[1079,1149,682,704]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.421</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFD5D8113FD40" box="[1257,1327,682,704]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.106</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFD238113FD6A" box="[159,1327,724,746]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFD238592FD6A" box="[159,430,724,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eye–nostril</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FD238667FD6A" box="[546,603,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.058</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FD238726FD6A" box="[724,794,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.510</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FD2387F7FD6A" box="[901,971,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.492</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FD238041FD6A" box="[1079,1149,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.278</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFD238113FD6A" box="[1257,1327,724,746]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">-0.511</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFD0A8113FC93" box="[159,1327,765,787]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFD0A8592FC93" box="[159,430,765,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eye diameter</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FD0A8667FC93" box="[546,603,765,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.283</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FD0A8726FC93" box="[724,794,765,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.007</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FD0A87F7FC93" box="[901,971,765,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.319</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FD0A8041FC93" box="[1079,1149,765,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.513</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFD0A8113FC93" box="[1257,1327,765,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.135</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFCD18113FCBC" box="[159,1327,806,828]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFCD18592FCBC" box="[159,430,806,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eyelid width</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FCD18667FCBC" box="[546,603,806,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.089</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FCD18726FCBC" box="[724,794,806,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.610</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FCD187F7FCBC" box="[901,971,806,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.093</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FCD18041FCBC" box="[1079,1149,806,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.012</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFCD18113FCBC" box="[1257,1327,806,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.659</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFCA78113FCE6" box="[159,1327,848,870]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFCA78592FCE6" box="[159,430,848,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tympanum width</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FCA78667FCE6" box="[546,603,848,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.280</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FCA78726FCE6" box="[724,794,848,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.225</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FCA787F7FCE6" box="[901,971,848,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.412</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FCA78041FCE6" box="[1079,1149,848,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.190</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFCA78113FCE6" box="[1257,1327,848,870]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.321</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFC8E8113FC0F" box="[159,1327,889,911]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFC8E8592FC0F" box="[159,430,889,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thumb length</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FC8E8667FC0F" box="[546,603,889,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.328</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FC8E8726FC0F" box="[724,794,889,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.143</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FC8E87F7FC0F" box="[901,971,889,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.012</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FC8E8041FC0F" box="[1079,1149,889,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.330</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFC8E8113FC0F" box="[1257,1327,889,911]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.167</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFC558113FC38" box="[159,1327,930,952]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFC558592FC38" box="[159,430,930,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Third finger length</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FC558667FC38" box="[546,603,930,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.334</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FC558726FC38" box="[724,794,930,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.059</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FC5587F7FC38" box="[901,971,930,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.026</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FC558041FC38" box="[1079,1149,930,952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.197</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFC558113FC38" box="[1257,1327,930,952]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–0.102</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFC3B8113FC62" box="[159,1327,972,994]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFC3B8592FC62" box="[159,430,972,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Importance of components</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFBF08113FB9D" box="[159,1327,1031,1053]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFBF08592FB9D" box="[159,430,1031,1053]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Standard deviation</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FBF08667FB9D" box="[546,603,1031,1053]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.574</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FBF08726FB9D" box="[724,794,1031,1053]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.554</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FBF087F7FB9D" box="[901,971,1031,1053]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.183</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FBF08041FB9D" box="[1079,1149,1031,1053]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.976</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFBF08113FB9D" box="[1257,1327,1031,1053]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.856</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFBC78113FBC6" box="[159,1327,1072,1094]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFBC78592FBC6" box="[159,430,1072,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Proportion of variance</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FBC78667FBC6" box="[546,603,1072,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.442</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FBC78726FBC6" box="[724,794,1072,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.161</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FBC787F7FBC6" box="[901,971,1072,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.093</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FBC78041FBC6" box="[1079,1149,1072,1094]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.063</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFBC78113FBC6" box="[1257,1327,1072,1094]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.049</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C0D22FFCB24E4FF4BFBAE8113FBEF" box="[159,1327,1113,1135]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FF4BFBAE8592FBEF" box="[159,430,1113,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cumulative proportion</th>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FDF6FBAE8667FBEF" box="[546,603,1113,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.442</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FD00FBAE8726FBEF" box="[724,794,1113,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.603</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FC51FBAE87F7FBEF" box="[901,971,1113,1135]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.696</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FBE3FBAE8041FBEF" box="[1079,1149,1113,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.756</td>
<td id="76BD645EFFCB24E4FB3DFBAE8113FBEF" box="[1257,1327,1113,1135]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.808</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF13FB428050FA49" blockId="6.[151,1437,1204,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Arm slender; row of ulnar tubercles absent; hand moderately large; fingers long, unwebbed; discs moderately large, rounded, width of disc on Finger III equal to length of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I&gt; II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles minute, subconical, numerous on proximal segments; palmar tubercle low, flat, ovoid; prepollical tubercle elliptical. 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFCBDB1DFB9CFAD780BCFAB8" box="[1096,1152,1312,1336]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
limb robust; tibia length 54.1% SVL; foot length 49.1% SVL; calcar, tarsal tubercles, and inner tarsal fold absent; outer metatarsal tubercle minute, round; inner metatarsal tubercle large, elliptical, barely visible from above; toes long; relative length of toes I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV; toes not webbed except for basal webbing between Toes IV and V; subarticular tubercles small, round; supernumerary tubercles minute, round, numerous on proximal segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF13FA23811FF9D8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1204,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Skin on dorsum granular; two large granules posteroventral to tympanum; skin on flanks areolate; skin on throat, belly, and ventral surfaces of thighs granular, on other surfaces of smooth; cloacal tubercles and folds absent; pouch opening V-shaped with anterior border at level of posterior edge of sacrum. Vomerine odontophores inclined posteromedially, narrowly separated medially, between round choanae, bearing four teeth each.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF13F9938120F8B0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1204,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCBDB1DFF13F99385FEF9FC" box="[199,450,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Color in preservative:</emphasis>
Dorsum pale brown with darker brown markings consisting of an interorbital triangle bifurcated posteriorly; left bifurcation connected to large irregularly shaped dark brown mark on dorsum of body; irregular dark brown spots postsacrally. Canthal and labial stripes absent. Flanks creamy tan with three large dark brown to black vertical marks; anterior surfaces of thighs tan with dark brown transverse bars extending over dorsal surfaces to dark brown posterior surfaces of thighs; three transverse dark brown bars on each shank and tarsus; cloacal region dark brown with small white spot posteroventral to opening. Venter uniform pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1DFF13F8CB80D9F81C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1204,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCBDB1DFF13F8CB8563F8D4" box="[199,351,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Color in life:</emphasis>
Dorsum dull green with dark brown to black markings (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFCBDB1DFC20F8CB806DF8D4" box="[1012,1105,1852,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,373,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1713]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gastrotheca nebulanastes, KU 173210, female, 37.3 mm SVL. B. G. nebulanastes, KU 173209, male, 36.0 mm SVL. C. G. excubitor, KU 193200, female, 35.1 mm SVL. D. G. excubitor, KU 139199, male, 33.9 mm SVL. E. G. antoniiochoai, MUSM 27949, female, 32.5 mm SVL. F. G. marsupiata, KU 139188, male, 34.9 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); flanks colored like dorsum except with orange-brown suffusion; hidden surfaces of limbs orange-brown; venter metallic tan; tympanum brown; single small white spot on left side of dorsum; iris pale bronze tan with black reticulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCBDB1CFF13F85E8596FF54" blockId="6.[151,1437,1204,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1445]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCBDB1DFF13F85E85EDF840" box="[199,465,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Measurements (in mm):</emphasis>
SVL 37.3, tibia length 20.2, foot length 18.3, head length 12.9, head width 14.2, interorbital distance 4.8, internarial distance 1.7, eye–nostril distance 3.4, diameter of eye 3.5, diameter of tympanum 1.9, orbit–jaw distance 1.2, nostril–jaw distance 2.5, length of Finger I 7.0 mm, length of Finger III 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFB38FF60816EFF2F" box="[1260,1362,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
, width of disc on Finger III 2.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF13FF28800EFE59" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF13FF288507FF78" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Variation.</emphasis>
Males are slightly larger than females, but the proportions of the two sexes do not seem to be different (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFCADB1CFF1CFEF38525FE9C" box="[200,281,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,551,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Univariate statistics for adults of Gastrotheca excubitor and Gastrotheca nebulanastes. Females of G. nebulanastes were not used for between-sexes and between-species statistics." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 1</tableCitation>
).Eighteen other adults were captured and measured in the field. The SVLs were 36.3 and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFACEFEF38143FE9C" box="[1306,1407,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.09" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="40.9">40.9 mm</quantity>
in two females and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFE82FEDE85C5FEC1" box="[342,505,297,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1799999999999997" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="2.7800000000000002" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="31.799999999999997" valueMax="35.8" valueMin="27.8">27.8–35.8 mm</quantity>
in males (
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFDA7FED986BDFEC9" box="[627,641,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">x</emphasis>
= 32.4 ± 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFD22FEDE8773FEC1" box="[758,847,297,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFC8FFEDD8755FEC1" box="[859,873,298,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 14). Two females weighed 4.8 and 5.0 g and 
<specimenCount id="9D5AC4E9FFCADB1CFA54FEDE84E4FEED" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
weighed 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFE9CFEA2858FFEEE" box="[328,435,341,366]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="g" value="2.75" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–3.9 g</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFE1CFEAF85EAFEF3" box="[456,470,344,371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">x</emphasis>
= 2.4 ± 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFDE3FEA2864FFEED" box="[567,627,341,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="g" value="0.6">0.6 g</quantity>
). The skin on the dorsum is variously granular, even in a juvenile 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFABFFEA284FFFE11" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
SVL (AMNH 153979), and weakest in a male 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFCADB1CFD1BFE8E870EFE11" box="[719,818,377,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="34.4">34.4 mm</quantity>
SVL (AMNH 157006). All adults have 2–5 prominent, rounded, white tubercles ventral and ventrolateral to the tympanum. Basal webbing is present between Toes IV and V in all, and between Toes III–IV in six, adults. Each vomer has four or five teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF13FE118006FD55" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">In preserved specimens, the dorsum is brown with darker brown markings consisting of an interorbital bar that usually is connected to a middorsal or roughly bifurcate mark that extends to the sacral region or beyond. The flanks are tan with dark brown to black markings—prominent spots or vertical bars. There are three dark brown transverse bars on the dorsal surfaces of the thighs than are continuous with a dark brown longitudinal mark on the posterior surface of the thigh. There are three diagonal dark brown bars on each shank and three or four such bars on each foot. A faint creamy white supracloacal stripe and short heel stripes are discernable in most specimens. Except for the dark brown interorbital bar, head markings, if present, are indistinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF13FD168700FC09" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Color notes on living individuals comprising the 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFCADB1CFD3BFD158723FD7A" box="[751,799,738,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
series: Dorsum pale grayish tan, yellowish tan, or olivetan with dark brown or metallic green markings. Cream spots present on some. Flanks, groin, anterior and posterior thighs creamy tan to reddish brown with blue, bluish green, or dark brown spots. Webbing tan; fingers and toes tan. Venter metallic bronze-brown. Metallic creamy bronze tubercles along posterior upper jaw. Iris pale bronze with fine black reticulations (WED field notes, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFDA6FC868713FC09" box="[626,815,881,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1977-01-19">19 January 1977</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF13FC6287CDFA25" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Details of coloration of living individuals from the vicinity of Pillahuata and Esperanza are as follow: The dorsal coloration varies from beige to dark brown, gray or green with numerous green flecks and a darker pattern of two continuous or interrupted longitudinal marks connected to the interorbital bar. In some individuals the darker pattern is most visible and green flecks are minute or concealed by the background dorsal coloration, whereas in other individuals the green flecks are predominant and interrupt or largely cover the darker longitudinal marks. The dorsal coloration extends onto the dorsal surfaces of digits and limbs, with transverse bars on thighs barely noticeable in some individuals and presenting a distinct contrast in other individuals. In all individuals, the flanks are pale and have green and bluish flecks; in some individuals the bluish flecks form a continuous longitudinal stripe from the point of arm insertion to the middle of the body. The tubercles ventrolateral to the cloaca are white. The throat and chest are cream or dark brown without marks. Dark brown canthal and supratympanic stripes are diffuse and bordered with cream. The tympanum is brown. The margin of the upper lip is colored like the snout (brown to pale brown) with green flecks. The margin of the upper eyelid is cream. The iris is bronze with black reticulations, and the periphery of the eye is black. The bones are white. In juveniles the dorsum is brown with bronze tones, and green or bluish green flecks are predominant over the darker longitudinal markings. The throat and chest are yellow or cream, whereas the ventral surfaces of abdomen and limbs are vermillion.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFCADB1CFF43FA2180F6FA6B" box="[151,1226,1493,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43FA2180F6FA6B" blockId="7.[151,1226,1493,1516]" box="[151,1226,1493,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF43FA218538FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,260,1494,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Comparison of call variables between species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCADB1CFD2EFA21874AFA6C" box="[762,886,1494,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFD2EFA21874AFA6C" box="[762,886,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the upper Kosñipata valley.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43F9E38098F9AA" blockId="7.[151,1361,1556,1609]" box="[151,1188,1556,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Species Dominant frequency (Hz)* 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFCE7F9E28778F9AA" box="[819,836,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
(pulses)* Duration (ms)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFE49F9C3816DF9C9" blockId="7.[151,1361,1556,1609]" box="[413,1361,1586,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Long note Short note (long note) Long note Short note</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43F9828104F929" blockId="7.[151,1358,1649,1828]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCADB1CFF43F9828503F90A" box="[151,319,1652,1674]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF43F9828503F90A" box="[151,319,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1 2915 3286 33.6 ± 1.9 544.8 ± 27.5 21.3 ± 1.8 (
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFE70F9658625F928" box="[420,537,1682,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2544" valueMax="2968">2544–2968</date>
) (3180–3445) (26–38) (412–601) (17–22)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43F9458104F966" blockId="7.[151,1358,1649,1828]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCADB1CFF43F94585ECF947" box="[151,464,1713,1735]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF43F945852FF947" box="[151,275,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. excubitor</emphasis>
1730
</taxonomicName>
1769 36.9 ± 5.4 992.7 ± 153.7 27.6 ± 2.4 (
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFE70F9278625F966" box="[420,537,1744,1766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1615" valueMax="1884">1615–1884</date>
) (
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFDA8F92786CDF966" box="[636,753,1744,1766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1653" valueMax="1846">1653–1846</date>
) (30–45) (666–1267) (22–31)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43F9188104F8A3" blockId="7.[151,1358,1649,1828]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFCADB1CFF43F91885ECF884" box="[151,464,1775,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF43F918850BF885" box="[151,311,1775,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
1730
</taxonomicName>
1692 41.6 ± 3.2 818.2 ± 70.0 30.9 ± 7.8 (
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFE70F8FA8625F8A3" box="[420,537,1805,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1653" valueMax="1962">1653–1962</date>
) (
<date id="FFE229A0FFCADB1CFDA8F8FA86CDF8A3" box="[636,753,1805,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1653" valueMax="1730">1653–1730</date>
) (37–47) (689–916) (24–54)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB1CFF43F8BB868AF806" blockId="7.[151,966,1868,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
*Indicates variables that vary little with temperature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFCADB1CFD7BF8B98786F8E5" author="Sinsch" box="[687,954,1870,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Sinsch, U. &amp; Joermann, G. (1989). Vocalization and mating behaviour of the marsupial frog, Gastrotheca marsupiata (Dumeril and Bibron, 1841) (Amphibia, Hylidae). Copeia, 1989, 755 - 760." type="journal article" year="1989">Sinsch &amp; Joermann, 1989</bibRefCitation>
). ** Recorded at T air = 20.0°C (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFCADB1CFE63F8878697F806" author="Catenazzi" box="[439,683,1904,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Catenazzi, A. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) The generic allocation of &quot; Hyla antoniiochoai De la Riva &amp; Chaparro, 2005 (Anura), with description of its advertisement call and ecology. Zootaxa, 2304, 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Catenazzi &amp; Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFCADB13FF13F84386FCFD9A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1972,2033]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,539]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFCADB1CFF13F8438602F84D" bold="true" box="[199,574,1972,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vocalization and reproduction.</emphasis>
Males call from grasses, shrubs, trees, terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads, and the ground in the montane scrub or understory of the cloud forest. The advertisement call consists of a long note 818.2 ± 70.0 ms (range 689–916 ms) in duration with 41.6 ± 3.2 pulses (range 37–47 pulses), and one or more secondary notes (
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFC5DB13FE8DFF4B8593FF54" box="[345,431,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,235,1494,1515]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of call variables between species of Gastrotheca from the upper Kosñipata valley." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 3</tableCitation>
; Fig. 3). Secondary notes have a duration of 30.9 ± 7.8 ms (range 24–54 ms), emphasized frequencies of 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FEEBFF288581FF77" box="[319,445,223,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1653" valueMax="1730">1653–1730</date>
Hz (median 1692 Hz), and typically are single-pulsed. Pulse rate in long notes average 51.0 ± 1.2 Hz (range 49.5–53.7 Hz) at temperatures of 10.7–12.3°C. Long notes have some frequency modulation: dominant frequencies range between 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FDEFFED08685FEBF" box="[571,697,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1461" valueMax="1615">1461–1615</date>
Hz (median 1500 Hz) for the third pulse, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FB47FED0812DFEBF" box="[1171,1297,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1538" valueMax="1884">1538–1884</date>
Hz (median 1634 Hz) for a central pulse and 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FDCFFEBB86A5FEE4" box="[539,665,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1653" valueMax="1769">1653–1769</date>
Hz (median 1730 Hz) for the third-to-last pulse. Pulses emitted at highest amplitude in long notes have dominant frequencies of 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FC83FE9887E8FE07" box="[855,980,367,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1653" valueMax="1962">1653–1962</date>
Hz (median 1730 Hz) and are generally located in the second half of the note (after the 20th pulse), although amplitude modulation vary among calls and does not always increase constantly during the long note (see Fig. 3). Males can be heard calling on most nights on rock walls bordering the road at elevations between 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC5DB13FD3EFE2887B5FE77" box="[746,905,479,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2750.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2700.0">2700–2800 m</quantity>
. Field notes accompanying USNM 298184–90 indicate that males were calling on 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FDF7FDF58680FD9A" box="[547,700,514,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1984-05-16">16 May 1984</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC5DB13FF43FA04803CF9AF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1523,1587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FF43FA04852EF988" bold="true" box="[151,274,1523,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC5DB13FDD6FA048734F989" box="[514,776,1523,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FDD6FA048734F989" box="[514,776,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MUSM 28060, Esperanza, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FBFCFA038096F989" box="[1064,1194,1523,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2011-04-04">4 April 2011</date>
, T air = 10.7°C) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC5DB13FABFFA03856DF9AF" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FABFFA03856DF9AF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gastrotheca excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male not collected, Abra Acjanaco, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FD1FF9ED8748F9AF" box="[715,884,1562,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2009-01-24">24 January 2009</date>
, T air = 9.5°C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC5DB13FF13F99685BCF8B1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1633,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
One female (
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFC5DB13FE8EF99685DEF9F9" box="[346,482,1633,1657]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173218" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">KU 173218</accessionNumber>
) having a SVL of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC5DB13FD61F9968726F9F9" box="[693,794,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="40.7">40.7 mm</quantity>
gave birth to 17 young on 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC5DB13FB9BF9968132F9F9" box="[1103,1294,1633,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1977-01-27">27 January 1977</date>
. Fourteen of the froglets (
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFC5DB13FEF0F9728595F91D" box="[292,425,1669,1693]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173521" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">KU 173521</accessionNumber>
–22) have SVLs of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC5DB13FD57F9728735F91D" box="[643,777,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="9.65" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="9.5">9.5–9.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FCF0F97B870EF927" box="[804,818,1676,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">x</emphasis>
= 9.64 ± 0.21). Immediately after birth the dorsum was creamy tan with grayish brown transverse bars. Two days after birth they assumed the color pattern of adults. The dorsum was brown with dark brown markings. The throat was white; the belly was transparent, and the rest of the venter was yellow. The iris was deep bronze. Another female (MUSM 20940) having a SVL of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC5DB13FB07F903810BF88C" box="[1235,1335,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
contains eight oviductal eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC5DB12FF13F8CC874EFEBF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1633,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FF13F8CC8634F8D4" bold="true" box="[199,520,1851,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
In order to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC5DB13FBA5F8CB81A9F8D4" box="[1137,1429,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FBA5F8CB81A9F8D4" box="[1137,1429,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we analyzed our newly collected DNA sequence data together with data from previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC5DB13FB68F89784EFF81C" author="Darst" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Darst, C. R. &amp; Cannatella, D. C. (2004). Novel relationships among hyloid frogs inferred from 12 S and 16 S mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, 462 - 475." type="journal article" year="2004">Darst &amp; Cannatella, 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC5DB13FF0BF873858DF81C" author="Wiens" box="[223,433,1924,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007). Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article" year="2007">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FEF9F872855BF81C" box="[301,359,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC5DB13FE6AF87386BCF81C" author="Lehr" box="[446,640,1924,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Lehr, E., Fritzsch, G. &amp; Muller, A. (2005). Analysis of Andes frogs (Phrynopus, Leptodactylidae, Anura) phylogeny based on 12 S and 16 S mitochondrial rDNA sequences. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 593 - 603." type="journal article" year="2005">
Lehr 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FE2FF8728608F81C" box="[507,564,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). We restricted our analysis to taxa previously demonstrated to form a strongly supported clade (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC5DB13FE11F85F869DF840" author="Wiens" box="[453,673,1960,1984]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007). Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article" year="2007">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC5DB13FDCCF85E8669F840" box="[536,597,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
) and to which the new species is likely closely related; analyses including all of hemiphractid diversity further supports that the new species is a member of this clade (data not shown). This clade consists of 12 species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FD5FFF6F8727FF30" box="[651,795,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FD5FFF6F8727FF30" box="[651,795,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. atympana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FCF9FF6F87A4FF30" box="[813,920,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christiani">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FCF9FF6F87A4FF30" box="[813,920,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">christiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FC7DFF6F8004FF30" box="[937,1080,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chrystosticta</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FB9EFF6F808FFF30" box="[1098,1203,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FB9EFF6F808FFF30" box="[1098,1203,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FB10FF6F8125FF30" box="[1220,1305,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FB10FF6F8125FF30" box="[1220,1305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FAFFFF6F81A9FF30" box="[1323,1429,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griswoldi">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FAFFFF6F81A9FF30" box="[1323,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">griswoldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FF43FF4A852BFF54" box="[151,279,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FF43FF4A852BFF54" box="[151,279,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">marsupiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FEF0FF4B854CFF54" box="[292,368,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FEF0FF4B854CFF54" box="[292,368,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FEA9FF4A85E6FF54" box="[381,474,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FEA9FF4A85E6FF54" box="[381,474,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">peruana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FE3CFF4A8679FF54" box="[488,581,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FE3CFF4A8679FF54" box="[488,581,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pseustes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FD87FF4B86D8FF54" box="[595,740,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FD87FF4B86D8FF54" box="[595,740,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">psychrophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FCF4FF4B879AFF54" box="[800,934,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stictopleura">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FCF4FF4B879AFF54" box="[800,934,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stictopleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We included all of these species in our analysis except for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FE9DFF1785FCFF78" box="[329,448,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FE9DFF1785FCFF78" box="[329,448,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which 16S is not available. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC4DB12FCECFF28802BFF77" box="[824,1047,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007). Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FC5CFF1687FFFF78" box="[904,963,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
also found strong support that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FA50FF17852BFE9C" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeugocystis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FA50FF17852BFE9C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. zeugocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon of this clade. Because of the morphological similarities between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FB18FEF28157FE9C" box="[1228,1387,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeugocystis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FB18FEF28157FE9C" box="[1228,1387,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. zeugocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FF43FEDF856DFEC0" box="[151,337,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FF43FEDF856DFEC0" box="[151,337,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we also included 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FDF6FEDF86FCFEC0" box="[546,704,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeugocystis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FDF6FEDF86FCFEC0" box="[546,704,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. zeugocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our analysis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFC4DB12FF43FAA281B4FA0A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207645/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[335,1187,380,1312]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC4DB12FF43FAA281B4FA0A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1365,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FF43FAA2852BFAEB" bold="true" box="[151,279,1365,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S ribosomal RNA genes) depicting the phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FD99FA8286D0FA0B" box="[589,748,1397,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FD99FA8286D0FA0B" box="[589,748,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 70% indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC4DB12FF13FA4F8114F903" blockId="9.[151,1437,1463,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We find strong support that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FE2BFA40871DFA4F" box="[511,801,1463,1487]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FE2BFA40871DFA4F" box="[511,801,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FBC5FA4F80A1FA4F" box="[1041,1181,1464,1487]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FBC5FA4F80A1FA4F" box="[1041,1181,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. atympana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species known only from Pampa Hermosa (
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FE4FFA2C85CEFA73" box="[411,498,1499,1523]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
) in the Río Chanchamayo Valley in the Cordillera Oriental of 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC4DB12FB7FFA2B80E2FA73" box="[1195,1246,1500,1523]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC4DB12FB39FA2C810FFA73" box="[1261,1331,1499,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[335,1187,380,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[332,1207,373,1316]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences (16 S ribosomal RNA genes) depicting the phylogenetic relationships of G. nebulanastes, with nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 70 % indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207645/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FA50FA2B8515F997" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FA50FA2B8515F997" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FEBCF9F785C5F997" box="[360,505,1536,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FEBCF9F785C5F997" box="[360,505,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. atympana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a strongly supported clade with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FC16F9F78071F997" box="[962,1101,1535,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FC16F9F78071F997" box="[962,1101,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FB8BF9F780F2F997" box="[1119,1230,1535,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FB8BF9F780F2F997" box="[1119,1230,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the recently described 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FEDDF9D38580F9BB" box="[265,444,1571,1595]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachachacae">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FEDDF9D38580F9BB" box="[265,444,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. pachachacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Catenazzi &amp; von 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC4DB12FD45F9D38731F9BB" author="May" box="[657,781,1571,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Catenazzi, A. &amp; von May, R. (2011) New species of marsupial frog (Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from an isolated montane forest in Peru. Journal of Herpetology 45, 161 - 166." type="journal article" year="2011">May, 2011</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC4DB12FCF4F9D487C4F9BB" box="[800,1016,1571,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007). Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FCB9F9D3879AF9BB" box="[877,934,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
also found strong support for a clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FEC1F9BF859EF9DF" box="[277,418,1608,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atympana">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FEC1F9BF859EF9DF" box="[277,418,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. atympana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FE66F9BF8606F9DF" box="[434,570,1607,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FE66F9BF8606F9DF" box="[434,570,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FDADF9BF86D8F9DF" box="[633,740,1607,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FDADF9BF86D8F9DF" box="[633,740,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, yet our analysis including topotypic material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FAC7F9BF81A0F9DF" box="[1299,1436,1607,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FAC7F9BF81A0F9DF" box="[1299,1436,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that the specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FE3FF99B864FF903" box="[491,627,1643,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FE3FF99B864FF903" box="[491,627,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD7291FFC4DB12FCD0F99C87E0F903" box="[772,988,1643,1667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007). Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FC86F99B87B6F903" box="[850,906,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
may represent another taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFC4DB10FF13F9798084FE74" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC4DB11FF13F97987B7FE9C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1463,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FF13F97985CBF927" bold="true" box="[199,503,1678,1703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC4DB12FDD4F9788718F927" box="[512,804,1679,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FDD4F9788718F927" box="[512,804,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from elevations of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FB61F978816EF927" box="[1205,1362,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–3300 m</quantity>
in the upper Río Kosñipata Valley on the northeast slope of Abra Acjanaco in the Cordillera Oriental in Región de Cusco in the Parque Nacional Manu in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC4DB12FDADF92F868CF96F" box="[633,688,1752,1775]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
. All localities are in cloud forest along the road between Paucartambo and Pilcopata. At 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FE60F90C8636F893" box="[436,522,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
(Rocotal), during the period 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC4DB12FC8EF90C87E7F893" box="[858,987,1787,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000" valueMax="2007">2000–2007</date>
, average T min was 11.7–13.1˚C, average T max was 20.5–22.3˚C, and average precipitation was 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FD37F8D58744F8BA" box="[739,888,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.395" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="3.69" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="539.5" valueMax="710.0" valueMin="369.0">369–710 mm</quantity>
for the month of February (Servicio Nacional de Metereología e Hidrología, Lima, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC4DB12FDCEF8BF866EF8E0" box="[538,594,1864,1888]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
). The 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFC4DB12FD4CF8BE86F4F8E1" box="[664,712,1865,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality was a small truck stop on the southeast side of the road in 1977, which is bounded by cloud forest on steep slopes with tree ferns, moss-covered cliffs, and cascading streams. At the 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFC4DB12FE9AF8668542F829" box="[334,382,1937,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality eight individuals were sitting on rocks on a mossy cliff and three were perched on sticks or bases of ferns no more than 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FD95F84286BBF84D" box="[577,647,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
from the cliff at night (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC4DB12FC42F84287E5F84D" box="[918,985,1973,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Elevational records for juvenile and adult specimens captured in the field (
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC4DB12FDEAF82D8670F871" box="[574,588,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
= 33) indicates that this species is most abundant between 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC4DB12FB0FF82E81BCF871" box="[1243,1408,2009,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2600" valueMax="2800">
2600 and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC4DB12FA9CF82E81BCF871" box="[1352,1408,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800</quantity>
</date>
m (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC7DB11FF4BFF6084E7FF2F" box="[159,219,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[372,1183,1439,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[369,1184,1439,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elevational distribution of Gastrotheca nebulanastes from a sample of juveniles and adults (n = 33) captured between 2100 and 3000 m in the upper Kosñipata Valley." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207647/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig.6</figureCitation>
) where it inhabits the montane scrub, the ridges of steep slopes covered with Andean alder, shrubs, and abundance of terrestrial mosses, lycophites, and lichens (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC7DB11FCC7FF4B876AFF54" box="[787,854,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). There is sharp transition from the cloud forest to the puna characteristic of the Abra Acjanaco that is inhabited by 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC7DB11FCABFF178035FF78" box="[895,1033,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FCABFF178035FF78" box="[895,1033,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC7DB11FBCDFF288061FF77" box="[1049,1117,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C); from the abra on a clear day one can glimpse the forested upper Kosñipata Valley (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC7DB11FCF0FEF3875AFE9C" box="[804,870,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFC7DB11FF43FB2B8646FAED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC7DB11FF43FB2B8646FAED" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,1389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FF43FB2B852FFB72" bold="true" box="[151,275,1244,1267]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Upper Kosñipata Valley. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FDCDFB2A860DFB72" bold="true" box="[537,561,1245,1266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC7DB11FD71FB2A8790FB73" box="[677,940,1245,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulabastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FD71FB2A8790FB73" box="[677,940,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gastrotheca nebulabastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FDFAFB0B8679FA91" bold="true" box="[558,581,1276,1297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B.</emphasis>
Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC7DB11FBFAFB0B80F1FA92" box="[1070,1229,1276,1298]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FBFAFB0B80F1FA92" box="[1070,1229,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is abundant. 19 January 1998. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FED9FAEE851AFAB0" bold="true" box="[269,294,1305,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C.</emphasis>
Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FA91FAED8162FAAF" bold="true" box="[1349,1374,1306,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D.</emphasis>
View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF235FE8FFC7DB11FF43F86A86E7F856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207647/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[372,1183,1439,1892]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC7DB11FF43F86A86E7F856" blockId="10.[151,1436,1949,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FF43F86A852AF832" bold="true" box="[151,278,1949,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Elevational distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC7DB11FDECF86A877EF833" box="[568,834,1949,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FDECF86A877EF833" box="[568,834,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a sample of juveniles and adults (
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC7DB11FB38F86980C4F833" box="[1260,1272,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 33) captured between 2100 and 3000 m in the upper Kosñipata Valley.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FF608084FE74" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The following species of anurans also are known to occur at the 
<typeStatus id="54E7B1C2FFC6DB10FC13FF6F87CBFF30" box="[967,1015,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FBBCFF6F84D5FF54" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FBBCFF6F816CFF30" box="[1128,1360,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hyloscirtus armatus</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FF20FF4B872EFF54" authority="Cannatella &amp; Duellman" authorityName="Cannatella &amp; Duellman" box="[244,786,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF20FF4B85D6FF54" box="[244,490,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphargus pluvialis</emphasis>
(Cannatella &amp; Duellman)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FCC8FF4B87F0FF54" box="[796,972,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehri">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FCC8FF4B87F0FF54" box="[796,972,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oreobates lehri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Padial, Chaparro, &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC6DB10FB10FF4A80D9FF54" box="[1220,1253,189,212]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">De</collectingCountry>
la Riva), 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FA80FF4A8627FF77" authority="Duellman" authorityName="Duellman" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pharangobates">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FA80FF4A85ACFF78" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis pharangobates</emphasis>
(Duellman)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDF1FF1686EAFF77" authority="De" authorityName="De" box="[549,726,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDF1FF168693FF78" box="[549,687,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. usurpator</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC6DB10FD61FF1786EAFF77" box="[693,726,224,247]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">De</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
la Riva, Chaparro, and Padial, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FBB4FF1780D4FF78" box="[1120,1256,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Telmatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FBB4FF1780D4FF78" box="[1120,1256,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Telmatobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. At localities at higher elevations 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FEAFFEF386A1FE9C" box="[379,669,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FEAFFEF386A1FE9C" box="[379,669,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occurs in sympatry with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC25FEF384DDFEBF" authority="Lehr and Catenazzi" authorityName="Lehr and Catenazzi" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Bryophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanssaueri">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC25FEF380C4FE9C" box="[1009,1272,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bryophryne hanssaueri</emphasis>
Lehr and Catenazzi
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FF39FEDE865DFEBF" authority="Lehr and Catenazzi" authorityName="Lehr and Catenazzi" box="[237,609,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Bryophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubilosus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF39FEDE8545FEC0" box="[237,377,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. nubilosus</emphasis>
Lehr and Catenazzi
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDB9FEDF86D5FEC0" box="[621,745,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDB9FEDF86D5FEC0" box="[621,745,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Centrolene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC85FEDF8137FEBF" authority="Lehr and Catenazzi." authorityName="Lehr and Catenazzi." box="[849,1291,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC85FEDF8022FEC0" box="[849,1054,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Noblella pygmaea</emphasis>
Lehr and Catenazzi.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FAC7FEDF8515FEE4" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FAC7FEDF8515FEE4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gastrotheca nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE2EFEBA8689FEE4" box="[506,693,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE2EFEBA8689FEE4" box="[506,693,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FCBBFEBB8032FEE4" box="[879,1038,332,356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3050.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3300 m</quantity>
. Both species occur in the montane scrub and cloud forest, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE33FE87869DFE08" box="[487,673,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE33FE87869DFE08" box="[487,673,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be restricted to water-filled epiphytic bromeliads. The elevational distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE4AFE628673FE2C" box="[414,591,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE4AFE628673FE2C" box="[414,591,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
marginally overlaps with the lower end of the elevational range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FA95FE6284F0FE50" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FA95FE6284F0FE50" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species primarily found in grassland habitats (puna) dominated by bunchgrasses (
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FB5DFE4F80FEFE4F" box="[1161,1218,440,463]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB5DFE4F80FEFE4F" box="[1161,1218,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FB2CFE4F81A0FE50" box="[1272,1436,440,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB2CFE4F81A0FE50" box="[1272,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., etc), elfin forest, and other habitats at the transition between the cloud forest and the puna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFC6DB10FF13FDF78555FDDF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FDF78555FDDF" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF13FDF78572FD98" bold="true" box="[199,334,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Latin 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC86FDF787A2FD98" box="[850,926,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">nebula</emphasis>
meaning fog and the Greek 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB38FDF6810EFD98" box="[1260,1330,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">nastes</emphasis>
meaning dweller. The name is applied because the upper Kosñipata Valley inhabited by this species commonly is enshrouded in fog.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3465CEBFFC6DB10FF13FD9B869AF93F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FD9B80A4FC6C" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF13FD9B8507FD04" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
Presently, several populations in the Cordillera Oriental in Región de Cusco are assigned to 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FAB1FD9A8542FD28" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FAB1FD9A84CFFD28" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
excubitor—
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FEAAFD788626FD27" box="[382,538,655,679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="3.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3330.0" valueMax="3580.0" valueMin="3080.0">3080–3580 m</quantity>
on the slopes of Abra Amparaes, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FC4BFD788000FD27" box="[927,1084,655,679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="3.16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3620.0" valueMax="4080.0" valueMin="3160.0">3160–4080 m</quantity>
on the slopes of Abra Málaga, and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FF1CFD438559FD4C" box="[200,357,692,716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100–3200 m</quantity>
on the slopes of Abra Marcapata. Not all of these populations may represent 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB31FD428148FD4C" box="[1253,1396,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FB31FD42814CFD4C" box="[1253,1392,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC6DB10FAA9FD4381A0FD4C" box="[1405,1436,692,716]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">As</collectingCountry>
noted in Figure 3, 
<accessionNumber id="940F9283FFC6DB10FEB1FD2F85D5FD6F" box="[357,489,727,751]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU173171" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">KU 173171</accessionNumber>
from 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FDF9FD208640FD6F" box="[557,636,727,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
SW Amparaes, 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FCE7FD2087B5FD6F" box="[819,905,727,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3580.0">3580 m</quantity>
is genetically different from topotypic 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FA94FD2F84EEFC94" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FA94FD2F84F2FC94" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">G. excubitor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A juvenile (USNM 298182) having a SVL of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FD3DFD0B8772FC94" box="[745,846,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="19.8">19.8 mm</quantity>
is tentatively assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FBADFD0A8117FC94" box="[1145,1323,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FBADFD0A8117FC94" box="[1145,1323,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
supposed from an elevation of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FE56FCE885EBFCB8" box="[386,471,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.469" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1469.0">1469 m</quantity>
on the Paucartambo–Pilcopata road may have incorrect locality data, inasmuch as the elevation is more than 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FE47FCB385E6FCDC" box="[403,474,836,860]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
lower than any other localities where the species is known. Although 
<tableCitation id="C6DE3ADBFFC6DB10FB30FCB3810BFCDC" box="[1252,1335,836,860]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,551,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Univariate statistics for adults of Gastrotheca excubitor and Gastrotheca nebulanastes. Females of G. nebulanastes were not used for between-sexes and between-species statistics." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 1</tableCitation>
suggests that SVL is similar in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE4DFC9F8618FC00" box="[409,548,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE4DFC9F8618FC00" box="[409,548,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FD8AFC9F872DFC00" box="[606,785,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FD8AFC9F872DFC00" box="[606,785,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, data from individuals captured and released in the field indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FEF3FC7A858CFC24" box="[295,432,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FEF3FC7A858CFC24" box="[295,432,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can grow to a much larger size than 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC9EFC7A87C7FC24" box="[842,1019,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC9EFC7A87C7FC24" box="[842,1019,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FBF3FC7A8092FC24" box="[1063,1198,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FBF3FC7A8092FC24" box="[1063,1198,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the largest male had a SVL of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FEDEFC58854CFC48" box="[266,368,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.63" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="46.3">46.3 mm</quantity>
and weighed 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FDC6FC588670FC49" box="[530,588,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="g" value="6.4">6.4 g</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FD53FC5886D1FC48" box="[647,749,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FCF3FC58875CFC49" box="[807,864,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="g" value="3.4">3.4 g</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC5CFC478007FC48" box="[904,1083,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC5CFC478007FC48" box="[904,1083,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), whereas the largest brooding female had a SVL of 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FE53FC2385D7FC6C" box="[391,491,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7299999999999995" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="47.3">47.3 mm</quantity>
and weighed 9.0 g (vs. 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FD22FC238766FC6C" box="[758,858,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.09" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="40.9">40.9 mm</quantity>
and 5.0 in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC03FC2280BBFC6C" box="[983,1159,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC03FC2280BBFC6C" box="[983,1159,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FC0080D8FAD7" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The vegetation at Abra Acjanaco consists primarily of puna grass (
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC62FC0F87D3FB8F" box="[950,1007,1016,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC62FC0F87D3FB8F" box="[950,1007,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FB98FC0F80CCFB90" box="[1100,1264,1016,1040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB98FC0F80CCFB90" box="[1100,1264,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) with some ferns and mosses on the steeper slopes, some small bushes (
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC88FBEB87F2FBB4" box="[860,974,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FC88FBEB87F2FBB4" box="[860,974,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a variety of low herbs, including orchids. Three days in 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FE4DFBB78603FBD8" box="[409,575,1088,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1975-02">February 1975</date>
, temperatures were 4–16˚C with slight rainfall (trace to 4.0 mm daily). During the period 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FE96FB9385FFFBFC" box="[322,451,1124,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2000" valueMax="2007">2000–2007</date>
, the range of average T min was 5.5–7.0˚C, and the average T max was 12.0–17.6˚C; the average precipitation was 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FE02FB7D864FFB22" box="[470,627,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.825" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="282.5" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="235.0">235–330 mm</quantity>
for the month of February (Servicio Nacional de Metereología e Hidrología, Lima, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC6DB10FEB3FB5885A3FB47" box="[359,415,1199,1223]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Peru</collectingCountry>
). At this locality, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDB7FB588761FB47" box="[611,861,1199,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDB7FB588761FB47" box="[611,861,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gastrotheca excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common; individuals were found under rocks by day and were heard calling at night. The ratio of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FD61FB248701FB6B" box="[693,829,1235,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FD61FB248701FB6B" box="[693,829,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FCB4FB2487C2FB6B" box="[864,1022,1235,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FCB4FB2487C2FB6B" box="[864,1022,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. marsupiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 25:1; tadpoles of this species were found in a small temporary pond. Other species of anurans collected at Abra Acjanaco are 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FB65FB0084CEFAB2" authority="Lynch" authorityName="Lynch" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Bryophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cophites">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FB65FB0081A0FA8F" box="[1201,1436,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bryophryne cophites</emphasis>
(Lynch)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF2AFAEB80A2FAB3" box="[254,1182,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FF2AFAEB85A0FAB3" box="[254,412,1307,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Bryophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanssaueri">B. hanssaueri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE7CFAEC877FFAB3" authority="Psychrophrynella" authorityName="Psychrophrynella" box="[424,835,1307,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Noblella pygmaea,Psychrophrynella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC9FFAEB8785FAB3" box="[843,953,1308,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">usurpator</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FC11FAEC80A2FAB3" authority="De" authorityName="De" box="[965,1182,1307,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Telmatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timens">Telmatobius timens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34B4FF0FFC6DB10FB72FAEC80FBFAB2" box="[1190,1223,1307,1330]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">De</collectingCountry>
la Riva, Aparicios &amp; Ríos. The small gymnophthalmid lizard, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDABFAB787E3FAD7" authority="Werner" authorityName="Werner" box="[639,991,1343,1367]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Proctoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDABFAB787BAFAD7" box="[639,902,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Proctoporus bolivianus</emphasis>
Werner
</taxonomicName>
is extremely abundant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FA9486D7FA67" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Between 3150 and 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FE4BFA9585C9FAFA" box="[415,501,1378,1402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
on the northeast slope of the abra there is a rapid transition from puna grassland to cloud forest (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC6DB10FEFFFA708551FA1F" box="[299,365,1415,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C), which continues to lower elevations in the Río Kosñipata Valley (
<figureCitation id="136713E5FFC6DB10FBA1FA70808BFA1F" box="[1141,1207,1415,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1244,1267]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[153,1433,337,1223]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Upper Kosñipata Valley. A. Habitat of Gastrotheca nebulabastes at the type locality, 2400 m, with David C. Cannatella in the foreground. January 1977. B. Forested slopes near Esperanza, 2780 m, where G. nebulanastes is abundant. 19 January 1998. C. Abra Acjanaco, 3520 m, showing transition to cloud forest on the northeastern slope. January 1977. D. View northeast down the upper Río Kosñipata Valley as seen from Abra Acjanaco at 3520 m. The sinuous road to Pilcopata is visible in the foreground and on the left. January 1977." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207646/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). All known specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FED4FA5C8611FA43" box="[256,557,1451,1475]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FED4FA5C8611FA43" box="[256,557,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gastrotheca antoniiochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDB0FA5C8729FA43" box="[612,789,1451,1475]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDB0FA5C8729FA43" box="[612,789,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from the montane scrub or cloud forest in this valley, in which neither 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FE80FA2785E0FA67" box="[340,476,1487,1511]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="excubitor">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE80FA2785E0FA67" box="[340,476,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. excubitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FDD5FA27869CFA67" box="[513,672,1488,1511]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupiata">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDD5FA27869CFA67" box="[513,672,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. marsupiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE30F60FFC6DB10FF13FA05869AF93F" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The amphibian pathogenic chytrid fungus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FD70FA04802EF98B" box="[676,1042,1523,1547]" class="Chytridiomycetes" genus="Batrachochytrium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rhizophydiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="species" species="dendrobatidis">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FD70FA04802EF98B" box="[676,1042,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from the Kosñipata Valley and is the probable cause of severe population declines in amphibian assemblages of the upper Parque Nacional del Manu (Catenazzi 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FE26F9CB8616F9D3" box="[498,554,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011). Infection with this fungus has been confirmed in one juvenile specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C74E3FFC6DB10FF61F997855AF9F7" box="[181,358,1631,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FF61F997855AF9F7" box="[181,358,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MUSM 27942) obtained at 
<quantity id="4CA4A285FFC6DB10FD79F9A8873DF9F7" box="[685,769,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2110.0">2110 m</quantity>
on 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FCFFF9A887D8F9F7" box="[811,996,1631,1656]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-01-31">31 January 2009</date>
(Catenazzi 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FBBEF997809FF9F7" box="[1130,1187,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011). Fourteen other specimens captured in 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FE4BF975862FF91A" box="[415,531,1666,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-07">July 2007</date>
, 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FDF4F9758763F91A" box="[544,863,1666,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-02" valueMax="2008-10-31" valueMin="2008-02-00">February and October 2008</date>
, and 
<date id="FFE229A0FFC6DB10FC74F975807BF91A" box="[928,1095,1666,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-02">February 2009</date>
were negative for the fungus using a PCR-based test (Catenazzi 
<emphasis id="B928D372FFC6DB10FDCBF95F8664F93F" box="[543,600,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>