252 lines
41 KiB
XML
252 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="6BEF3670E6E8C17BDBBB91001E0B7F51" ID-CLB-Dataset="26477" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9238318c-4409-45cc-96cf-1aa17c4006d0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3246211" ID-ZooBank="2AA8C6E7-11D5-4443-8E0E-9FB19856B0CB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1560509668797" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mondaca, José, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime & Alfaro, Fermín M." docDate="2019" docId="03E6ED6DA671BF64FF50B47EEFD89BB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4615.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4615 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Luispenaia Martinez 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="551" masterDocId="FFDF9515A670BF66FFC7B247ED0A9D29" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Luispenaia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), with description of three new species from the Atacama Desert, Chile" masterLastPageNumber="562" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="550" updateTime="1698734911197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B1D644EEBD1B674DC887805AE56DAE4D">Revision of the genus Luispenaia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), with description of three new species from the Atacama Desert, Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6BA53F501ED719C932A6A78EE89903A">Mondaca, José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95AF9ECAFE27CCF56BA5D5D51FAE6749">Pizarro-Araya, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D601B95DB2DE15CD3620D7C68034A294" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3BB910FF07605ECD81E977F6874E8868">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="38384C6E8ABA8B02FF24CDCD45C8A266">Alfaro, Fermín M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2A90D5D71295657ADCE997F9A569A22D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C4A4E720DFF854E55C9AD528B2505D6F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0A8128325DB8D0A6377A7F5CCF17F0CA">
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<mods:date id="79E00F10C9178FE8F069F89BC8183B19">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C7B715BD904D48700F129399E7AE9F89">2019-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="31FCCB20F3D03E884EAECD2E311D3309">4615</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB54AE2667F7565624F36C457A8F2A72">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E6ED6DA671BF64FF50B47EEFD89BB2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158223211" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6ED6DA671BF64FF50B47EEFD89BB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E6ED6DA671BF64FF50B47EEFD89BB2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A671BF67FF50B47EEF309B7A" box="[151,570,1592,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA671BF67FF50B47EEF309B7A" blockId="1.[151,570,1592,1655]" box="[151,570,1592,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<heading id="D0B8EB17A671BF67FF50B47EEF309B7A" bold="true" box="[151,570,1592,1619]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FF50B47EEF309B7A" bold="true" box="[151,570,1592,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A671BF67FF29B47EEF309B7A" authority="Martinez, 1972" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[238,570,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FF29B47EEC7F9B7A" bold="true" box="[238,373,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Luispenaia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FEBAB47FEF309B7A" author="Martinez, A." box="[381,570,1592,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref7951" refString="Martinez, A. (1972) Un nuevo genero y especie de Pachydemini chileno. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 23, 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A671BF67FF50B41AEC529B5E" box="[151,344,1629,1655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA671BF67FF50B41AEC529B5E" blockId="1.[151,570,1592,1655]" box="[151,344,1629,1655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FF58B41AEC019B5E" box="[159,267,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FED0B41AEC5A9B5E" box="[279,336,1629,1655]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10–13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14–17" captionStart-3="FIGURES 18–29" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1508,1533]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1969,1994]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,264,1456,1481]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,264,1736,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1434,212,1496]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1412,720,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,170,1444]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1379,530,1707]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,170,1496]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,729,1957]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,170,1444]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[151,1436,513,1724]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Male holotype of Luispenaia paradoxa Martínez. Scale: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 10–13. Head and pronotum of Luispenaia species. 10, Luispenaia atacamensis; 11, L. paposo; 12, L. paulseni; 13, L. paradoxa. Scale: 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 14–17. Antennal club of Luispenaia species. 14, Luispenaia paradoxa Martínez; 15, L. paposo; 16, L. paulseni; 17, L. atacamensis. Scale: 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 18–29. Luispenaia species. 18–20, Luispenaia atacamensis; 21–23, L. paposo; 24–26, L. paulseni; 27–29, L. paradoxa. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3246218/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3246220/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3246222/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3246224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">9–29</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A671BF67FF50B4E5EE2B9BF1" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA671BF67FF50B4E5EE2B9BF1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1697,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5F7B55A671BF67FF50B4E5EE2B9BF1" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A671BF67FF50B4E5ECD19B93" authority="Martinez, 1972: 86" authorityName="Martinez" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,475,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FF50B4E5EC029B90" box="[151,264,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Luispenaia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE7A6AA671BF67FED6B4E6ECD19B93" author="Martinez, A." box="[273,475,1697,1722]" page="86" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FED6B4E6ECD19B93" author="Martinez, A." box="[273,475,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref7951" refString="Martinez, A. (1972) Un nuevo genero y especie de Pachydemini chileno. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 23, 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez, 1972: 86</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. (original description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE7A6AA671BF67FD15B4E6EE959B90" author="Martinez, A." box="[722,927,1697,1722]" page="247" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FD15B4E6EE959B90" author="Martinez, A." box="[722,927,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" pagination="227 - 251" refId="ref7981" refString="Martinez, A. (1975) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Pachydemini neotropicales (Col. Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 26, 227 - 251." type="journal article" year="1975">Martínez 1975: 247</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE7A6AA671BF67FBD4B4E5E9CC9B90" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1043,1222,1697,1721]" page="219" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FBD4B4E5E9CC9B90" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1043,1222,1697,1721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref7606" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211 (1), 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 219</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. (checklist);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE7A6AA671BF67FA8AB4E6EC3A9BF1" author="Lacroix, M." page="380" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FA8AB4E6EC3A9BF1" author="Lacroix, M." pageId="1" pageNumber="550" refId="ref7890" refString="Lacroix, M. (2007) Pachydeminae du Monde (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons, Editions M. Lacroix, Paris, 450 pp." type="book" year="2007">Lacroix 2007: 380</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. (catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE7A6AA671BF67FE66B487EFA39BF1" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[417,681,1727,1752]" page="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FE66B487EFA39BF1" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[417,681,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" refId="ref7653" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Version 3. Available from: http: // unsm-ento. unl. edu / SSSA / NW-Melo-v 3. pdf (accessed 19 April 2019)" type="url" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009: 187</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(checklist).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A671BF67FF50B541EEF89A09" box="[151,1010,1797,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA671BF67FF50B541EEF89A09" blockId="1.[151,1436,1797,2041]" box="[151,1010,1797,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FF50B541EC389A09" bold="true" box="[151,306,1797,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<typeStatus id="54F4E2D9A671BF67FF50B541EDD89A09" box="[151,210,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A671BF67FEFEB540EFD79A09" authority="Martinez, 1972" authorityName="Martinez, and Ptiophys" authorityYear="1972" box="[313,733,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FEFEB540EF229A09" box="[313,552,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Luispenaia paradoxa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA671BF67FDE8B541EFD79A09" author="Martinez, A." box="[559,733,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref7951" refString="Martinez, A. (1972) Un nuevo genero y especie de Pachydemini chileno. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 23, 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A671BF64FF00B56EEE749E76" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA671BF64FF00B56EEE749E76" blockId="1.[151,1436,1797,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,1691]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A671BF67FF00B56EEC489A6D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1833,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length 4.8–8.0 mm; body subcylindrical elongate; color light brown to black; dorsal, lateral, and ventral surface abundantly setose (
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||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FDE1B509EF729A41" box="[550,632,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1508,1533]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,212,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,170,1496]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male holotype of Luispenaia paradoxa Martínez. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246218/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FD40B509EE279A41" box="[647,813,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1736,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1379,530,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,513,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–29. Luispenaia species. 18–20, Luispenaia atacamensis; 21–23, L. paposo; 24–26, L. paulseni; 27–29, L. paradoxa. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">18, 21, 24, 27</figureCitation>
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||
). Labrum and mandibles reduced (
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||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FB78B509E8249A41" box="[1215,1326,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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). Labium long and narrow, anteriorly projected in an apophysis densely setose (
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<figureCitation id="137440FEA671BF67FC59B535EEEB9AA5" box="[926,993,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), variable in length and wide, subacute, rounded or truncate distally, with labial palpus reduced. Maxillary palpus large; palpus 1 short, palpus 2 longer than 3. Maxillary palpus 4 large, fusiform, shorter or subequal than 1–3 combined, distally attenuate and finished in a sensory pore. Clypeus well developed, subquadrate or rounded, with margins reflexed upturned, concave in spoon- like fashion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FEEFB2DEECBA9D9A" box="[296,432,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1969,1994]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,720,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,729,1957]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Head and pronotum of Luispenaia species. 10, Luispenaia atacamensis; 11, L. paposo; 12, L. paulseni; 13, L. paradoxa. Scale: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246220/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontoclypeal suture distinctly impressed. Eyes small to large, spheroidal, with eyes canthus subcuneiform or linguiform; basolaterally covered by the posterior prolongation of the clypeal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FAA3B2FAEDEB9DD2" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1969,1994]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,720,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,729,1957]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Head and pronotum of Luispenaia species. 10, Luispenaia atacamensis; 11, L. paposo; 12, L. paulseni; 13, L. paradoxa. Scale: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246220/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae large, with 8 or 9 antennomeres, antennal club with 3–6 lamellate antennomeres short or considerably long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FEC8B342EC9D9C36" box="[271,407,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1456,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,170,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,170,1444]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Antennal club of Luispenaia species. 14, Luispenaia paradoxa Martínez; 15, L. paposo; 16, L. paulseni; 17, L. atacamensis. Scale: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum wider than long, convex, approximately subovate, subtrapezoidal or subhexagonal, widest medially and strait in the anterior half, laterally surrounded with abundant long setae; anterior margin concave, with membrane; anterior angles not protruding, anterolateral margins straight or slightly rounded; lateral margins arched, posterior margin straight or slightly rounded; posterior angles obtuse; surface coarsely, almost regularly punctate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FEB2B3D2EF0A9C86" box="[373,512,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1969,1994]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,720,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,729,1957]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Head and pronotum of Luispenaia species. 10, Luispenaia atacamensis; 11, L. paposo; 12, L. paulseni; 13, L. paradoxa. Scale: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246220/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra slightly convex or flattened, subparallel, with striae distinctly impressed, slightly widened in the posterior third, with apex rounded; humeral tubercle prominent. Hind wing fully developed, functional (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FEDFB39AEC569CDE" box="[280,348,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Venter with 3 ventrites exposed medially, penultimate ventrite membranous on posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FF67B046EDED9F35" box="[160,231,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidium with apex rounded, margins slightly reflexed, recumbent toward metacoxae. Protibiae long, tridentate, protibial spur slightly curved. Mesotibiae and metatibiae slender, widened medial and apically, with one oblique spinose carina externally, apical edge of the mesotibiae with row of long equal macrosetae, metatibiae with row of very small equal macrosetae barely perceptible; mesotibia with 2 spurs subcontiguous; metatibia with 2 spurs, one located adjacent to tarsal articulation and the other set on a different plane within apical tibial notch. Metatibia with two notable processes at the base of the foramen of the tarsal insertion. Mesotarsus and metatarsus thin, longer than metatibia. Protarsomeres, mesotarsomeres, and metatarsomeres 1–3 subequal in length; tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than the previous tarsomeres; tarsomere 5 longer than 1–4 individually; all tarsi with long, apical setae. All tarsal claws symmetrical, straight, and thin, medially and ventrally cleft, slightly curved and acute at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FF67B102EDEE9E76" box="[160,228,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus with parameres symmetrical, long, and slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3550FF0A672BF64FF00B12FEFD89BB2" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA672BF64FF00B12FEC7F991E" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FF00B12FECE59EAA" bold="true" box="[199,495,872,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus actually is endemic to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FC57B12EE9489EAA" box="[912,1090,873,899]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Atacama Desert</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FB97B12EE9999EAA" box="[1104,1171,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1996,2021]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,211,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,170,1984]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of Luispenaia species in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246215/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FAE7B12DE8969EAA" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[1312,1436,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FAE7B12DE8969EAA" box="[1312,1436,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Luispenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit arid and semiarid environments of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3581CEBA672BF64FD1EB1CAEE1C9E8E" box="[729,790,909,935]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FCE2B1CAEE889E8E" box="[805,898,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1675,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,801,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,801,1663]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30. Type locality of Luispenaia species. A, Llanos de Challe National Park (Atacama Region, Chile), habitat of L. paradoxa; B, Boqueron Chañar (Atacama Region, Chile), habitat of L. atacamensis; C, Paposo Norte Natural Monument (Antofagasta Region, Chile), habitat of L. paposo; D, Quebrada Los Yales (Antofagasta Region, Chile), habitat of L. paulseni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246226/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D), from near sea level (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB7F19EA672BF64FB73B1CAE9E59E8E" box="[1204,1263,909,935]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="43.0">43 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the coast of the Paposo Norte Natural Monument (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FD81B1F6EE239EE5" box="[582,809,945,972]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Antofagasta Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to middle elevation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB7F19EA672BF64FBE6B1F6E9739EE2" box="[1057,1145,945,971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the mountains located to south of Copiapó (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FE46B192EF4A9ED9" box="[385,576,981,1008]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Atacama Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and near of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FD17B192EE4C9EC6" box="[720,838,981,1007]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Lagunillas (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FBC7B192E9DE9ED9" box="[1024,1236,981,1008]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Coquimbo Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Species occur in the Paramo Punan subregion (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FE2DB1BEEFB7993D" box="[490,701,1017,1044]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Atacama Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Central Chilean subregion (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498B9299A672BF64FBF3B1BEE813993D" box="[1076,1305,1017,1044]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Coquimbo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FF7DB65AEC7B991E" author="Morrone, J. J." box="[186,369,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref8171" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3782.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Morrone (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA672BF64FF00B606EC4899C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FF00B606EC8D9972" bold="true" box="[199,391,1088,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is so far known of the ecology and natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FB86B605E9B79972" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[1089,1213,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FB86B605E9B79972" box="[1089,1213,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Luispenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Adults are diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal. Specimens of these small scarabs have been collected in large numbers at lights at night during the spring of a year that had a very rainy winter (ENSO event), also in pitfall traps, on foliage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FF50B6EAEDFD99EE" box="[151,247,1197,1223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adesmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FF50B6EAEDFD99EE" box="[151,247,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Adesmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FEECB6EAEC9D99E1" box="[299,407,1197,1224]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and buried under stones. Species of this genus occur in xerophytic habitats in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3581CEBA672BF64FAA7B6EAE89799EE" box="[1376,1437,1197,1223]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FF58B696EDF699C2" box="[159,252,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1675,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,801,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,801,1663]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30. Type locality of Luispenaia species. A, Llanos de Challe National Park (Atacama Region, Chile), habitat of L. paradoxa; B, Boqueron Chañar (Atacama Region, Chile), habitat of L. atacamensis; C, Paposo Norte Natural Monument (Antofagasta Region, Chile), habitat of L. paposo; D, Quebrada Los Yales (Antofagasta Region, Chile), habitat of L. paulseni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246226/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA672BF64FF00B6B2E909981A" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">
|
||
Females are unknown, probably no flight, underground, brachypterous or apterous as many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FB16B6B2E86A9826" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1233,1376,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanyproctini">Tanyproctini</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa, consequently rarely observed and are very different to the habitus from males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF05C7BA672BF64FF00B77BEFD89BB2" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FF00B77BEC94987E" bold="true" box="[199,414,1340,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Tribal placement.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FE6FB779EF2E987E" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[424,548,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FE6FB779EF2E987E" box="[424,548,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Luispenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FD25B77AEE7B987E" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[738,881,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanyproctini">Tanyproctini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(at the time,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FBD4B77AE9AD9871" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1043,1191,1341,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachydemini">Pachydemini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by previous authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FF58B726EC4C9852" author="Martinez, A." box="[159,326,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref7951" refString="Martinez, A. (1972) Un nuevo genero y especie de Pachydemini chileno. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 23, 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FE97B727EC819852" author="Martinez, A." box="[336,395,1376,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" pagination="227 - 251" refId="ref7981" refString="Martinez, A. (1975) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Pachydemini neotropicales (Col. Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 26, 227 - 251." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FE51B726EF119852" author="Evans, A. V." box="[406,539,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref7606" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211 (1), 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FDE1B726EFB49852" author="Lacroix, M." box="[550,702,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" refId="ref7890" refString="Lacroix, M. (2007) Pachydeminae du Monde (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons, Editions M. Lacroix, Paris, 450 pp." type="book" year="2007">Lacroix 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FD0FB726EEB99852" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[712,947,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" refId="ref7653" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Version 3. Available from: http: // unsm-ento. unl. edu / SSSA / NW-Melo-v 3. pdf (accessed 19 April 2019)" type="url" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this tribal-level classification has been maintained since the last
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FE7FB7C2EF4098B6" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[440,586,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachydemini">Pachydemini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FD53B7C2EE2F9889" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[660,805,1413,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanyproctini">Tanyproctini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) world catalog prepared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE218AA672BF64FBA1B7C2E81E98B6" author="Lacroix, M." box="[1126,1300,1413,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" refId="ref7890" refString="Lacroix, M. (2007) Pachydeminae du Monde (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons, Editions M. Lacroix, Paris, 450 pp." type="book" year="2007">Lacroix (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FAE7B7C1E89698B6" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[1312,1436,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FAE7B7C1E89698B6" box="[1312,1436,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Luispenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FE5CB7EEEF2098EA" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[411,554,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanyproctini">Tanyproctini</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the labrum is reduced, not visible in dorsal view of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FADCB7EEE86A98EA" box="[1307,1376,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); pygidium large, subtriangular, covered by elytral apex; tarsal claws cleft ventrally at proximal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FB1EB78AE81498CE" box="[1241,1310,1484,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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); metatibia with 2 spurs, one located adjacent to tarsal articulation and the other set on a different plane within apical tibial notch (
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<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FF67B452EDE99B06" box="[160,227,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); sternites distinctly defined (not fused), basal sternites compressed lengthwise; apex of abdomen recumbent toward metacoxae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137440FEA672BF64FEBEB47EECCA9B7D" box="[377,448,1593,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1405,287,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,297,1758]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1–7. Generic characters of the genus Luispenaia. 1, head and antennal club; 2, eyes and mouth part in ventral view; 3, eyes and mouth part in lateral view; 4, right wing; 5, pretarsal claw; 6, abdomen in ventral view; 7, metatibial apex in frontolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm (Figs. 1–3); 1 mm (Figs. 4, 6); 0.25 mm (Fig. 5); 0.5 mm (Figs. 5, 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3246213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Based on this morphological characters mentioned earlier, we think that
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F27F8A672BF64FAE7B47DE8969B7A" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1972" box="[1312,1436,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Luispenaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B8069A672BF64FAE7B47DE8969B7A" box="[1312,1436,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">Luispenaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus it must be maintained in this tribe until morphological and molecular studies are carried out that support or disprove the tribal position that currently occupies.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |