257 lines
35 KiB
XML
257 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="427B417C4941CBB8BFA2DA46E75EC317" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174026" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1080f79e-5e89-4201-a6e4-3c884b49e020" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174026" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459789626651" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wunderlich, Jörg" docDate="2006" docId="84098354C570FFE8250BFB05FD63FD4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01325p318.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1325" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Spatiator martensi Wunderlich, 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="317" masterDocId="7830FB2CC571FFEC2403FFF1FFC1FFA4" masterDocTitle="Spatiator martensi n. sp., a second species of the extinct spider family Spatiatoridae in Eocene Baltic amber (Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="313" pageNumber="314" updateTime="1698219064749" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="68A5225157EA996188628D4FEA3F3010" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="C2EA9BADC0D798C4D943E0EEBF5B1F71">Spatiator martensi n. sp., a second species of the extinct spider family Spatiatoridae in Eocene Baltic amber (Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C4D95CFDDBD40D3D000F222200D76193" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA371DCE14BDDCE2FC9EB038286687C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FBAF5D3F55B0A5D55FE6D97DA69B0728">Wunderlich, Jörg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1EFAE12FEDE4DB955179E764576DE4D2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C9D80E398D8F60F1889DE0D6431494DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F6CF8460F12337449F8439D5656770AB">
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<mods:date id="DD8DEB13A412B11133EA1FCEED659C22">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4E746DD49CF591753D31BFFA5E5DCC63" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7DA628CD55B11C4AF4C9615BA54D2CB3">1325</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DDB5500B69833350399A7D50624A0F3E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6DFC805542E1CF11E55BB8BB2BE7DF34" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174026</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9675AF1E5F43E6520F031D41E1C3071" type="GBIF-Dataset">1080f79e-5e89-4201-a6e4-3c884b49e020</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5C9E7E7752CDD893954754912C5AE397" type="Zenodo-Dep">174026</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="84098354C570FFE8250BFB05FD63FD4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6256926" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6256926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84098354C570FFE8250BFB05FD63FD4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84098354C570FFE8250BFB05FD63FD4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C570FFED250BFB05FE4AFA95" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED250BFB05FDF3FAAA" blockId="1.[264,562,1268,1329]" box="[264,562,1268,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<heading id="5757852EC570FFED250BFB05FDF3FAAA" bold="true" box="[264,562,1268,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED250BFB05FDF3FAAA" bold="true" box="[264,562,1268,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C570FFED250BFB05FE29FAAA" box="[264,488,1268,1294]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED250BFB05FE29FAAA" bold="true" box="[264,488,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Spatiator martensi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="25E7532BC570FFED25ECFB05FDF3FAAA" box="[495,562,1268,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED250BFAE6FE4AFA95" blockId="1.[264,562,1268,1329]" box="[264,395,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C570FFED250BFAE6FEAEFA95" box="[264,367,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C570FFED257FFAE6FE4AFA95" box="[380,395,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,806,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1320,806,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spatiator martensi n. sp. (Spatiatoridae), fossil ♂ in Baltic amber, dorsal aspect. Body length 4.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174028/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C570FFED250BFA97FCBEFA0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED250BFA97FCBEFA0D" blockId="1.[264,1323,1382,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED250BFA97FE03FA24" bold="true" box="[264,450,1382,1408]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C570FFED250BFA97FE84FA24" box="[264,325,1382,1408]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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Male
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<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C570FFED2612FA96FDB9FA25" box="[529,632,1383,1409]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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in Baltic amber, its origin is most probably the region of Kaliningrad (Königsberg), F1688/BB/AR/
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<collectionCode id="6AB1AA87C570FFED26F4FA7EFCF2FA0D" box="[759,819,1423,1449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">CJW</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="6AB1AA87C570FFED273CFA7EFCBAFA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[831,891,1423,1449]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">SMF</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C570FFED253BFA47FB86F9ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED253BFA47FB86F9ED" blockId="1.[264,1323,1382,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED253BFA47FDE2FA74" bold="true" box="[312,547,1462,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Derivatio nominis:</emphasis>
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This species is dedicated to Prof. Jochen Martens, University of Mainz, who discovered numerous arachnids which were new to science; I had the pleasure to describe some of the spiders which were collected by J. Martens in
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<collectingCountry id="74B772D2C570FFED2056F9F6FB5EF985" box="[1109,1183,1543,1569]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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. J. Martens and the present author have been in close and best contact for 35 years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C570FFED253BF9A7FE1FF965" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED253BF9A7FE1FF965" blockId="1.[264,1323,1382,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED253BF9A7FE02F9D4" bold="true" box="[312,451,1622,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Diagnosis (</emphasis>
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♂; Ψ unknown
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED2672F9A7FD44F9D4" bold="true" box="[625,645,1622,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">):</emphasis>
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Close to
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<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C570FFED26F9F9A6FC1BF9D4" box="[762,986,1623,1648]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED26F9F9A6FC1BF9D4" box="[762,986,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Spatiator praeceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but embolus in
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<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C570FFED20A6F9A6FAEAF9D4" box="[1189,1323,1623,1648]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED20A6F9A6FAEAF9D4" box="[1189,1323,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">S. martensi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED250BF98FFE90F93C" bold="true" box="[264,337,1662,1688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="25E7532BC570FFED250BF98FFE90F93C" box="[264,337,1662,1688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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not that slender, forming a large triangle, and tips of embolus and conductor separated (
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C570FFED2584F956FE0FF965" box="[391,462,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C570FFEE253BF93FFC2BF8EA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="1" pageNumber="314" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED253BF93FFCEAF89D" blockId="1.[264,1323,1382,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED253BF93FFE20F94C" bold="true" box="[312,481,1742,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Description (</emphasis>
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♂
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C570FFED25F0F93FFDC7F94C" bold="true" box="[499,518,1742,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">):</emphasis>
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Measurements (in mm): Body length 4.3, prosomal length 2.1, opisthosoma: Length 1.9, width 1.3; leg I: Femur 1.3, patella 1.7, tibia 1.15, metatarsus 0.85, tarsus 0.8, tibia IV 1.5, its diameter 0.14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C570FFED253BF8B6FBD2F8C5" blockId="1.[264,1323,1382,1889]" box="[312,1043,1863,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="314">Color: Body and legs dark brown, opisthosoma yellow brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFEEDFDEBFD82" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
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Prosoma (
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE25B1FEEDFDC1FE92" box="[434,512,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE2610FEEDFDE3FE92" box="[531,546,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,806,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1320,806,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spatiator martensi n. sp. (Spatiatoridae), fossil ♂ in Baltic amber, dorsal aspect. Body length 4.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174028/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">5</figureCitation>
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) ca. 1.7 times longer than wide, cephalic part distinctly raised, thoracic fissure long, setae indistinct, mostly short, cuticula fairly rugose. 8 eyes in two rows, anterior median eyes distinctly largest, posterior row distinctly procurved. Basal cheliceral articles large, retrolaterally with a large field of stridulatory files, fangs short, peg teeth hidden. Gnathocoxae converging above the labium which is long and slender. Sternum finely rugose, prolongated between the coxae IV. Petiolus is long and apparently symmetrically bipartite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFDC5FCAFFD62" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Legs fairly long and slender, order IV/I/II/III, bristles absent, setae short and indistinct Tibia and metatarsus I slightly bent, bearing some prodorsal to prolateral spatulate setae, tarsi I–II bear a weak ventral pseudoscopula, metatarsus III bears a dense field of long ventral preening setae in the distal half.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFD25FE9EFCC2" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
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Opisthosoma (
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE25E1FD25FDEAFD4A" box="[482,555,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE2639FD25FD88FD4A" box="[570,585,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,806,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1320,806,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spatiator martensi n. sp. (Spatiatoridae), fossil ♂ in Baltic amber, dorsal aspect. Body length 4.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174028/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">5</figureCitation>
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) oval, 1.45 times longer than wide, dorsally covered with short setae and hardened (apparently leathery) along its whole length. Epigaster sclerotized, lung covers hairless, small; epiandrous gland spigots absent. Spinnerets short and partly hidden.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFC85FB1DFB8A" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
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Pedipalpus (
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<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE25CEFC85FDFBFC2A" box="[461,570,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
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) fairly small, with stout articles, tibia with a short prodorsal bristle and at least one dorsal trichobothrium. Cymbium wide, enclosing the bulbus, with few strong prodorsal setae besides long normal setae, bulbus long, tegulum large, embolus in a retroventral position, conductor distinctly separate from the embolus and in a more prolateral position and bent distally to the embolus, sperm duct easily recognizable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFBCDFDD8FBF2" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,537,1084,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE253BFBCDFE5DFBF2" bold="true" box="[312,412,1084,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Female:</emphasis>
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unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C1F3242C573FFEE253BFB95FC2BF8EA" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE253BFB95FE2BFBDA" bold="true" box="[312,490,1124,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Relationships:</emphasis>
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Only a single congeneric species has been described previously:
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<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE250BFB7DFE29FB01" box="[264,488,1164,1189]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
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<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE250BFB7DFE29FB01" box="[264,488,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Spatiator praeceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C573FFEE2632FB7DFD56FB02" box="[561,663,1164,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE26C0FB7DFC8DFB01" box="[707,844,1164,1189]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE26C0FB7DFC8DFB01" box="[707,844,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">S. praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female. I described a male which I regarded as conspecific with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C573FFEE2686FB45FD2EFB6A" box="[645,751,1204,1230]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68314FB3C573FFEE2725FB45FB13FB6A" author="Wunderlich" box="[806,1234,1204,1230]" pageId="2" pageNumber="318" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil Spiders in Amber and Copal. Beitrage Araneologie, 3 A - B. Publishing House Joerg Wunderlich, Hirschberg, 1908 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wunderlich (2004: 768, 807, fig. 56)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in this figure I probably mistook the embolus for the conductor). This male is probably conspecific with the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C573FFEE2667FAF5FD0AFABA" box="[612,715,1284,1310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE26F8FAF5FC46FAB9" box="[763,903,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE26F8FAF5FC46FAB9" box="[763,903,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">S. praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but — according to the distinctly different structures of their bulbi — it is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE27D0FADDFB97FAE1" box="[979,1110,1324,1349]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE27D0FADDFB97FAE1" box="[979,1110,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">S. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE205EFADDFB5EFAE2" bold="true" box="[1117,1183,1324,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25E7532BC573FFEE205EFADDFB5EFAE2" box="[1117,1183,1324,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No somatic differences are known to exist between these three specimens. This case reflects a fundamental problem in the taxonomy of numerous congeneric — fossil species: (a) the generotype is known from one sex only (or is juvenile), (b) no somatic differences between different species are known and (c) it is not likely to find both sexes in the same piece of amber: How do deal with different congeneric species of the other sex? Occasionally — for practical reasons — fossil specimens from the other sex were described as different species (in contrast to extant species), e.g. by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68314FB3C573FFEE2029F9B5FAE6F9FA" author="Petrunkevitch" box="[1066,1319,1604,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="318" refString="Petrunkevitch, A. (1942) Amber Spiders in European collections. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 41, 97 - 400." type="journal article" year="1942">Petrunkevitch (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. So it would be consequent to designate a new name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE27F0F99DFE28F90A" authority="Wunderlich (2004)" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2004" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE27F0F99DFB1BF921" box="[1011,1242,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Spatiator praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68314FB3C573FFEE250BF965FE28F90A" author="Wunderlich" box="[264,489,1684,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="318" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil Spiders in Amber and Copal. Beitrage Araneologie, 3 A - B. Publishing House Joerg Wunderlich, Hirschberg, 1908 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wunderlich (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but this is not a matter of this paper. I found no somatic differences between the present
|
||
<typeStatus id="D31B8CE0C573FFEE25FCF94DFDA7F972" box="[511,614,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE275FF94DFB3AF972" authority="Wunderlich (2004)" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2004" box="[860,1275,1724,1750]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE275FF94DFC07F971" box="[860,966,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68314FB3C573FFEE2018F94DFB3AF972" author="Wunderlich" box="[1051,1275,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="318" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil Spiders in Amber and Copal. Beitrage Araneologie, 3 A - B. Publishing House Joerg Wunderlich, Hirschberg, 1908 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wunderlich (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the bulbus structures are clearly different (and in my opinion surely not caused by circumstances of the preservation): embolus and conductor are in close contact in the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE252BF8C5FE6EF8E9" box="[296,431,1844,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE252BF8C5FE6EF8E9" box="[296,431,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">S. praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE25BCF8C5FDC7F8EA" box="[447,518,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C573FFEE26B5F8C5FCF8F8E9" box="[694,825,1844,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE26B5F8C5FCF8F8E9" box="[694,825,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">S. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C573FFEE2742F8C5FC42F8EA" bold="true" box="[833,899,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25E7532BC573FFEE2742F8C5FC42F8EA" box="[833,899,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="315" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="949B2EC7C573FFEE2790F8C5FC1BF8EA" box="[915,986,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1311,326,1159]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 3 Spatiator martensi n. sp., ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2 – 3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4 Spatiator praeceps Petrunkevitch 1942, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2 – 4, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="315">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="58DF62CAC572FFEF250BFB53FBDDFAE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174027/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" targetBox="[277,1297,345,1157]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C572FFEF250BFB53FBDDFAE0" blockId="3.[264,1324,1186,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF250BFB53FE74FB1E" bold="true" box="[264,437,1186,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
1–3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C572FFEF25EEFB53FD77FB1D" box="[493,694,1186,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF25EEFB53FD77FB1D" box="[493,694,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Spatiator martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF26BDFB53FD3DFB1E" bold="true" box="[702,764,1186,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25E7532BC572FFEF26BDFB53FD3DFB1E" box="[702,764,1186,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ holotype in Baltic amber; 1 outline of the body, lateral aspect. Reconstruction from dorsal and oblique aspects. Only a single eye is drawn; 2–3 right pedipalpus, dorsal and ventral aspect. Normal (thin) setae are not drawn. 4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C572FFEF205FFB19FE1DFA85" authority="Petrunkevitch 1942" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1942" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF205FFB19FAEBFB5B" box="[1116,1322,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Spatiator praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
Petrunkevitch 1942
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, in Baltic amber, ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = emulsion, S = sperm duct. Scales: 1, 1.0 mm; 2–4, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C572FFEF253BFA86FDFFF926" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C572FFEF253BFA86FC27FA36" blockId="3.[264,1324,1399,1906]" box="[312,998,1399,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF253BFA86FE1BFA35" bold="true" box="[312,474,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Early Tertiary (Eocene) Baltic amber forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C572FFEF253BFA6EFDFFF926" blockId="3.[264,1324,1399,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF253BFA6EFE21FA1D" bold="true" box="[312,480,1439,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Preservation:</emphasis>
|
||
The spider is situated at the corner of a yellow piece of amber which has a size of 3.1 x 2.0 x
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF2630FA39FD52FA46" box="[563,659,1480,1506]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Legs and pedipalpi are completely and well preserved, some parts are darkened apparently by heating, the ventral side is weakly covered with a white emulsion, the opisthosoma has a low longitudinal depression dorsally (probably the result of a blow), a bubble is situated close to the left cymbium, but distinctly separated from the cymbial cuticula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44BA61C9C572FFE8253BF97EFD63FD4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C572FFEF253BF97EFAC5F8EE" blockId="3.[264,1324,1399,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF253BF97EFE2DF90D" bold="true" box="[312,492,1679,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Syninclusions:</emphasis>
|
||
Four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C572FFEF263FF961FD04F90E" box="[572,709,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, workers (body length 1.3, 2.4, 2.4 and
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF20B8F961FADFF90E" box="[1211,1310,1680,1706]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), remains of the abdomen of an ant (two parts,
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF271EF949FCB9F976" box="[797,888,1720,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long)
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF27C7F949FBC9F976" box="[964,1032,1720,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
right of the spider in the same layer of the amber, an adult Acari (body length
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF2788F911FC14F95E" box="[907,981,1760,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), few tiny to small larvae of Acari (body length up to
|
||
<quantity id="CB589FA7C572FFEF264AF8F9FD6DF886" box="[585,684,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), numerous stellate hairs of plants, numerous small bubbles and bubbleshaped particles which are dried out as well as particles of detritus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C572FFE8253BF8A6FB9FFE22" blockId="3.[264,1324,1399,1906]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1324,284,750]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C572FFEF253BF8A6FE46F8D5" bold="true" box="[312,391,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="316">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
(a) Myrmecophagy: Remains of an ant — two parts of an abdomen — near the spider's body may be remains of the spider's prey, but this presumption is quite tentative: Most relatives of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C575FFE82607FEB5FD63FEFA" box="[516,674,324,350]" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spatiatoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C575FFE826EAFEB5FCAFFEFA" box="[745,878,324,350]" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C575FFE827AAFEB5FB8DFEFA" box="[937,1100,324,350]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palpimanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are araneophages. The complete ants in the same piece of amber are apparently not injured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C1F3242C575FFE8253BFE65FD63FD4A" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="317">
|
||
(b) Myrmecomorphy: The silvery glancing cuticle in most congeneric specimens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA049C1C575FFE82117FE65FEB3FE71" class="Arachnida" family="Spatiatoridae" genus="Spatiator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED4EE50C575FFE82117FE65FEB3FE71" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="317">S. praeceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which are preserved in pieces of amber which were not heated, the slender body and legs as well as the raised cephalic part — which give the illusion of a tripartite body of the spider — may be hints that these spiders were only weakly antshaped. We do not know the behavior of the fossil spiders, and a saddleshaped inclination of the opisthosoma is absent. Therefore I am not sure about the actual antmimicry of these fossil spiders. The largest ant which is embedded together with the spider has the same body size as the spider and may have been a model of a probable Batesian mimicry. The small ants may have been the model of conspecific juveniles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |