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<mods:title id="09298E5A304666ABA93565BDD695C3AC">Systematic notes on some leptomedusa species with a description of Neotima galeai n. spec. (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)</mods:title>
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<heading id="F47881B0CF57E217FC25FCB3F923FC93" bold="true" box="[941,1327,845,869]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FC25FCB3F923FC93" ID-CoL="38VYY" authority="(Goette, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Goette" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[941,1327,845,869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FC25FCB3F923FC93" bold="true" box="[941,1327,845,869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FC25FCB3F884FC93" bold="true" box="[941,1160,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Eirene hexanemalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB1FFCB0F924FC93" author="Goette A." box="[1175,1320,846,869]" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="831 - 837" part="1886" refString="Goette A. 1886. Verzeichniss der Medusen welche von Dr San- der, Stabsarzt auf S. M. S. &quot; Prinz Adalbert &quot; gesammelt wurden. Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1886 (2): 831 - 837." title="Verzeichniss der Medusen welche von Dr San- der, Stabsarzt auf S. M. S. &quot; Prinz Adalbert &quot; gesammelt wurden" type="journal article" year="1886">Goette, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="37B42A59CF57E217FBB0FC91F878FC71" box="[1080,1140,879,903]" captionStart="Fig. 8" captionStartId="9.[151,186,1881,1902]" captionText="Fig. 8. Eirene hexanemalis, after preserved material. (A) Lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Schematic view on circular canal from adaxial side. Note presence of conical excretory (arrow). Abbreviations: cc circular canal, ep excretory papilla, ex exumbrella, rb rudimentary bulb, rc radial canal, st statocysts (shown without concretion)." pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A-C
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF57E217FCB7FC60F84AFA99" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCB7FC60F889FBFA" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCB7FC60F8D7FC45" authority="Goette, 1886: 832" authorityName="Goette" authorityPageNumber="832" authorityYear="1886" box="[831,1243,925,947]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Irenopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCB7FC60F816FC44" box="[831,1050,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Irenopsis hexanemalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FBACFC60F8D7FC45" author="Goette A." box="[1060,1243,925,947]" page="832" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FBACFC60F8ABFC44" author="Goette A." box="[1060,1191,925,947]" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="831 - 837" part="1886" refString="Goette A. 1886. Verzeichniss der Medusen welche von Dr San- der, Stabsarzt auf S. M. S. &quot; Prinz Adalbert &quot; gesammelt wurden. Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1886 (2): 831 - 837." title="Verzeichniss der Medusen welche von Dr San- der, Stabsarzt auf S. M. S. &quot; Prinz Adalbert &quot; gesammelt wurden" type="journal article" year="1886">Goette, 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 832
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB76FC60FFBDFC26" author="Browne E. T." page="142" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB76FC60F995FC44" author="Browne E. T." box="[1278,1433,925,947]" journalOrPublisher="Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 4 (Suppl. Rep." pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 4" part="27" refString="Browne E. T. 1905 b. Report on the medusae (Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora) collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. In: Rep. Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 4 (Suppl. Rep. 27): 132 - 166, pls 1 - 4." title="Report on the medusae (Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora) collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon in 1902" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Rep" year="1905" yearSuffix="b">Browne, 1905b</bibRefCitation>
: 142
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1 fig. 4, pl. 3 figs 5-8.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB44FC42F969FC26" author="Maas O." box="[1228,1381,955,977]" page="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB44FC42F94DFC26" author="Maas O." box="[1228,1345,955,977]" journalOrPublisher="Siboga Expeditie" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 84" part="10" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14." title="Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 37
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6 figs 38-40.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB85FC27F8B7FC18" author="Mayer A. G." box="[1037,1211,985,1006]" page="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB85FC27F887FC18" author="Mayer A. G." bookContentInfo="735 pp." box="[1037,1163,985,1006]" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution, Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 76" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5996" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, 735 pp., plates 1 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5996" title="Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III" type="book chapter" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 310
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 171, 171a.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FAE7FC27F83BFBFA" author="Vanhoffen E." page="229" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FAE7FC27F804FBFA" author="Vanhoffen E." journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition Valdivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="193 - 233" part="19" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1911. Die Anthomedusen und Leptomedusen der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition Valdivia 19 (5): 193 - 233." title="Die Anthomedusen und Leptomedusen der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899" type="journal article" year="1911">Vanhöffen, 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 229
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 19.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCB7FBEDF987FBDF" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[831,1419,1043,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8F9F11F2CF57E217FCB7FBEDF987FBDF" box="[831,1419,1043,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCB7FBEDFFE9FBDE" ID-CoL="4GS9D" baseAuthorityName="Will" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[831,997,1043,1064]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Phortis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCB7FBEDFFE9FBDE" box="[831,997,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Phortis pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FBA3FBEDF8B7FBDC" box="[1067,1211,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FBA3FBEDF8AAFBDE" authorityName="Goette" authorityYear="1886" box="[1067,1190,1043,1064]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Irenopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">hexanemalis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB49FBEDF98BFBDF" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[1217,1415,1043,1065]" page="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB49FBEDF968FBDF" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[1217,1380,1043,1065]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica, Stuttart" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 34" part="26" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913. Die Craspedoten Medusen der &quot; Vettor Pisani &quot;. Zoologica, Stuttart 26 (67): 1 - 34." title="Die Craspedoten Medusen der &quot; Vettor Pisani" type="journal article" year="1913">Vanhöffen, 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCB7FBCFF977FBB1" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[831,1403,1073,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8F9F11F2CF57E217FCB7FBCFF977FBB1" box="[831,1403,1073,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCB7FBCFFFE9FBB0" ID-CoL="4GS9D" baseAuthorityName="Will" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[831,997,1073,1094]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Phortis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCB7FBCFFFE9FBB0" box="[831,997,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Phortis pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FBA3FBCFF97BFBB1" ID-CoL="38VZD" authority="Vanhoffen, 1913: 18" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1913" box="[1067,1399,1073,1095]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pentanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FBA3FBCFF8A7FBB0" box="[1067,1195,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">pentanemalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB39FBCFF97BFBB1" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[1201,1399,1073,1095]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB39FBCFF958FBB1" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[1201,1364,1073,1095]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica, Stuttart" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 34" part="26" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913. Die Craspedoten Medusen der &quot; Vettor Pisani &quot;. Zoologica, Stuttart 26 (67): 1 - 34." title="Die Craspedoten Medusen der &quot; Vettor Pisani" type="journal article" year="1913">Vanhöffen, 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 18
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCC8FBAEF8F2FB0F" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8F9F11F2CF57E217FCC8FBAEF8F2FB0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCC8FBAEF820FB93" box="[832,1068,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCC8FBAEF807FB92" ID-CoL="38VYY" baseAuthorityName="Goette" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[832,1035,1103,1125]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">Eirene hexanemalis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FBB6FBAEF90BFB92" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1086,1287,1103,1125]" page="248" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FBB6FBAEF8C1FB92" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1086,1229,1103,1125]" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="239 - 262" part="99" refString="Kramp P. L. 1936. On the Leptomedusae of the genera Eirene Eschscholtz and Helgicirrha Hartlaub. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn 99: 239 - 262." title="On the Leptomedusae of the genera Eirene Eschscholtz and Helgicirrha Hartlaub" type="journal article" year="1936">Kramp, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
, bibliography, synonymy.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB95FB93F8ECFB74" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1053,1248,1132,1154]" page="281" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB95FB93F8A4FB77" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1053,1192,1132,1154]" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="259 - 322" part="6" refString="Kramp P. L. 1953. Hydromedusae. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 6 (4): 259 - 322." title="Hydromedusae" type="journal article" year="1953">Kramp, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 281
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5, variation, seasonality.
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FB8CFB75F81CFB56" box="[1028,1040,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB90FB75F8C3FB56" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1048,1231,1162,1184]" page="188" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB90FB75F890FB69" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1048,1180,1162,1184]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 469" part="40" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40: 1 - 469." title="Synopsis of the medusae of the world" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 188
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FB66FB75F994FB56" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1262,1432,1162,1184]" page="77" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB66FB75F97FFB69" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1262,1395,1162,1184]" journalOrPublisher="Dana Report 63" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 162" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." title="The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans" type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 77
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5, variation.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FBBDFB57F8DBFB4B" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1077,1239,1191,1214]" page="91" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FBBDFB57F8BAFB4A" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1077,1206,1191,1214]" journalOrPublisher="Dana Report 72" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 200" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." title="The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sections II and III" type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 91
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 245.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FACAFB59FFFFFB2D" author="Bouillon J." page="421" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FACAFB59FFB3FB2D" author="Bouillon J." journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="421 - 427" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. 1983. Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 24: 421 - 427." title="Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1983">Bouillon, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 421
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1-3, life cycle, ecology.
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FACAFB3BFFEEFB0E" author="Bouillon J." page="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FACAFB3BFFB3FB0E" author="Bouillon J." journalOrPublisher="Indo-Malayan Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="25 - 112" part="1" refString="Bouillon J. 1984. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." title="Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1984">Bouillon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6, hydroid, nematocysts.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCC8FAFFF990FAE0" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[832,1436,1280,1302]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8F9F11F2CF57E217FCC8FAFFF990FAE0" box="[832,1436,1280,1302]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitation id="2E2E10CDCF57E217FCC8FAFFF92AFAE3" author="Guo D. &amp; Xu Z. &amp; Huang J." box="[832,1318,1280,1302]" page="61" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" year="2008">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCC8FAFFF90DFAE0" ID-CoL="6DZWW" authority="Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang, 2008" authorityName="Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2008" box="[832,1281,1280,1302]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octonemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCC8FAFFFFF6FAE3" box="[832,1018,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Eirene octonemalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB8AFAFFF90DFAE0" author="Guo D. &amp; Xu Z. &amp; Huang J." box="[1026,1281,1281,1302]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Oceanologica Sinica" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="61 - 66" part="27" refString="Guo D., Xu Z., Huang J. 2008. Two new species of Eirenidae from the coast of southeast China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 27 (1): 61 - 66." title="Two new species of Eirenidae from the coast of southeast China" type="journal article" year="2008">Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 61
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1.
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FAFBFAFFF990FAE0" bold="true" box="[1395,1436,1281,1302]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">new</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FC03FAE1FFEBFAC2" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[907,999,1311,1332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FC03FAE1FFEBFAC2" bold="true" box="[907,999,1311,1332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">synonym</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCC8FAC2F991FAA4" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[832,1437,1339,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
?
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FCDAFAC3F91CFAA7" ID-CoL="38VZD" authority="Lin, Xu &amp; Huang, 2013" authorityName="Lin, Xu &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2013" box="[850,1296,1339,1362]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pentanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCDAFAC3F816FAA6" box="[850,1050,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Eirene pentanemalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FBAAFAC5F91CFAA7" author="Lin M. &amp; Xu Z. - Z. &amp; Huang J. - Q. &amp; Guo D. - H. &amp; Wang C. - G. &amp; Xiang P." box="[1058,1296,1339,1362]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="4" part="38" refString="Lin M., Xu Z. - Z., Huang J. - Q., Guo D. - H., Wang C. - G., Xiang P., Dirhamsyah 2013. Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 38 (4): 765 - 761." title="Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lin, Xu &amp; Huang,
<quantity id="68779B39CF57E217FB68FAC2F91CFAA7" box="[1248,1296,1340,1361]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in:
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FAB2FAC5F991FAA4" author="Lin M. &amp; Xu Z. - Z. &amp; Huang J. - Q. &amp; Guo D. - H. &amp; Wang C. - G. &amp; Xiang P." box="[1338,1437,1339,1362]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="4" part="38" refString="Lin M., Xu Z. - Z., Huang J. - Q., Guo D. - H., Wang C. - G., Xiang P., Dirhamsyah 2013. Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 38 (4): 765 - 761." title="Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lin
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FAECFAC3F99DFAA6" box="[1380,1425,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">et al</emphasis>
.,
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FC03FAA4F84AFA99" blockId="8.[831,1437,925,1391]" box="[907,1094,1369,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">2013: 756, figs 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF57E217FCB7FA79F864F9D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCB7FA79F864F9D7" blockId="8.[831,1436,1415,1571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<materialsCitation id="1FE73C81CF57E217FCB7FA79F864F9D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675143161" collectingDate="2006-08-26" collectorName="H. Galea." latitude="24.4666" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="54.3272" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abu Dhabi">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCB7FA79F84AFA68" bold="true" box="[831,1094,1415,1438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<location id="AA506007CF57E217FCB7FA79FFABFA68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:272687CACF57E216FC25FCB3FFFEFD14:AA506007CF57E217FCB7FA79FFABFA68" box="[831,935,1415,1438]" latitude="24.4666" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="54.3272" name="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" stateProvince="Abu Dhabi">Material</location>
examined:
</emphasis>
MHNG-INVE-53565; 22 formalin-preserved medusae, fertile males and females;
<collectingRegion id="6D4BF83ECF57E217FC29FA37F810FA16" box="[929,1052,1481,1504]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CABB501BCF57E217FBA0FA37F890FA16" box="[1064,1180,1481,1504]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" precision="5" value="24.4666">24.4666°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CABB501BCF57E217FB2DFA37F916FA16" box="[1189,1306,1481,1504]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" precision="5" value="54.3272">54.3272°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 0 m; collection date 20-
<collectingDate id="CB75E9F4CF57E217FB87FA14F881F9F7" box="[1039,1165,1514,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" value="2006-08-26">
<date id="DB31101CCF57E217FB87FA14F881F9F7" box="[1039,1165,1514,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" value="2006-08-26">26.08.2006</date>
</collectingDate>
; one individual with 12 radial canals; leg.
<collectorName id="027A530ACF57E217FB8AF9F2F864F9D7" box="[1026,1128,1546,1571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">H. Galea.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF57E217FCB7F9C4F935F7E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCB7F9C4F952F80A" blockId="8.[831,1437,1594,2078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FCB7F9C4FFB4F9A7" bold="true" box="[831,952,1594,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Mature medusa
<quantity id="68779B39CF57E217FB01F9C5F90FF9A4" box="[1161,1283,1595,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10-18 mm</quantity>
in diameter, bell hemispherical, thick apical jelly, gastric peduncle broad, length variable but usually not reaching beyond velum level. Velum narrow. Manubrium six-rayed in cross-section, perradial corners of the mouth drawn out as lips, mouth margin with many folds. Majority of individuals with six radial canals, in a minority with other numbers varying from 4 to 12. Gonads thin, more or less straight, along radial canal from base of peduncle to circular canal. 40-60 short tentacles on small bulbs, bulbs with adaxial, conical excretory papilla. In-between 2 tentacle bulbs 1-2 rudimentary bulbs (marginal warts) and 2-4 round statocysts with one concretion (occasionally 2-4,
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB22F818F95EF80A" author="Browne E. T." box="[1194,1362,2021,2045]" journalOrPublisher="Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 4 (Suppl. Rep." pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 4" part="27" refString="Browne E. T. 1905 b. Report on the medusae (Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora) collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. In: Rep. Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 4 (Suppl. Rep. 27): 132 - 166, pls 1 - 4." title="Report on the medusae (Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora) collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon in 1902" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Rep" year="1905" yearSuffix="b">Browne, 1905b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FBF06654CF57E217FF1FF870FE85F7E0" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FF1FF870FE85F7E0" blockId="8.[151,757,1934,2071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
Fig. 7.
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF57E217FF6BF871FD70F855" box="[227,380,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF57E217FF6BF871FD74F855" authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[227,376,1934,1956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridula">Eirene viridula</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
after living Mediterranean specimens. (A) Lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Marginal bulb in adaxial view, note conical excretory papilla on subumbrellar side of tentacle bulb. Abbreviations: cc circular canal, ex exumbrella, ve velum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF57E217FCC8F7F8F935F7E8" blockId="8.[831,1437,1594,2078]" box="[832,1337,2054,2078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
Polyp planktonic, solitary, see
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF57E217FB0FF7F8F939F7E8" author="Bouillon J." box="[1159,1333,2054,2078]" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" pagination="421 - 427" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. 1983. Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 24: 421 - 427." title="Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1983">Bouillon (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF56E216FF1FFEFCFECAFEAF" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF56E216FF1FFEFCFECAFEAF" blockId="9.[151,756,258,347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FF1FFEFCFD22FEEF" bold="true" box="[151,302,258,281]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Distribution:</emphasis>
Coastal waters from South- and East Africa to
<collectingCountry id="D798764CCF56E216FE91FEDCFD8CFECF" box="[281,384,290,313]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D798764CCF56E216FE11FEDCFE0AFECF" box="[409,518,290,313]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D798764CCF56E216FD96FEDCFE6EFECF" box="[542,610,290,313]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">China</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="D798764CCF56E216FD3EFEDDFEF8FECC" box="[694,756,291,314]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FF17FEBDFD3CFEAF" author="Kramp P. L." box="[159,304,322,347]" journalOrPublisher="Dana Report 63" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="1 - 162" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." title="The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans" type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="7034887ECF56E216FECBFEBDFD74FEAD" box="[323,376,323,347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion id="6D4BF83ECF56E216FE54FEBCFE31FEAF" box="[476,573,322,345]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
<collectingCountry id="D798764CCF56E216FE54FEBCFE31FEAF" box="[476,573,322,345]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, East Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF56E216FF1FFE8CF8CCFD65" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF56E216FF1FFE8CFEF9FD9E" blockId="9.[151,757,369,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FF1FFE8CFD04FE7C" bold="true" box="[151,264,370,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Remarks:</emphasis>
This is a well-known species, the only new information is the existence of a specimen with 12 radial canals which was mixed with the
<specimenCount id="B989FD55CF56E216FDD7FE4CFEF8FE3E" box="[607,756,433,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
with 6 radial canals. Until now, the maximal number of canals was 11. The variation in the number of radial canals has been summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FDDEFDECFEF8FDDE" author="Kramp P. L." box="[598,756,529,553]" journalOrPublisher="Dana Report 63" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="1 - 162" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." title="The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans" type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp (1965)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FF43FDCFFD8EFDBC" author="Bouillon J." box="[203,386,561,586]" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="421 - 427" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. 1983. Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 24: 421 - 427." title="Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1983">Bouillon (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. A minority of individuals of a particular population can have from 4 to 12 tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF56E216FCB7FEFDFFC6FE20" blockId="9.[831,1437,258,661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
It is thus evident that
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF56E216FBB2FEFDFFC3FECC" authority="Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang, 2008" authorityName="Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octonemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FBB2FEFDF900FEEF" box="[1082,1292,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Eirene octonemalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FA9EFEFDFFC3FECC" author="Guo D. &amp; Xu Z. &amp; Huang J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Oceanologica Sinica" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="61 - 66" part="27" refString="Guo D., Xu Z., Huang J. 2008. Two new species of Eirenidae from the coast of southeast China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 27 (1): 61 - 66." title="Two new species of Eirenidae from the coast of southeast China" type="journal article" year="2008">Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
must be regarded as not separable from
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF56E216FCB7FEBCFFE7FEAE" baseAuthorityName="Goette" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[831,1003,321,345]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FCB7FEBCFFE7FEAE" box="[831,1003,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">E. hexanemalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The former species differs from the latter in having 8 radial canals. The only peculiarity of
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF56E216FCB7FE7FFFE9FE61" authorityName="Guo, Xu, &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,997,384,408]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octonemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FCB7FE7FFFE9FE61" box="[831,997,384,408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">E. octonemalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that all four known specimens had 8 radial canals. This could, however, be a population specific trait.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF56E216FCB7FE20F8CCFD65" blockId="9.[831,1437,258,661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
Likewise,
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF56E216FC38FE1EF994FE01" authority="Lin, Xu &amp; Huang, 2013" authorityName="Lin, Xu &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2013" box="[944,1432,478,503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pentanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FC38FE1EF887FE03" box="[944,1163,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Eirene pentanemalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FB1BFE20F994FE01" author="Lin M. &amp; Xu Z. - Z. &amp; Huang J. - Q. &amp; Guo D. - H. &amp; Wang C. - G. &amp; Xiang P." box="[1171,1432,478,503]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="4" part="38" refString="Lin M., Xu Z. - Z., Huang J. - Q., Guo D. - H., Wang C. - G., Xiang P., Dirhamsyah 2013. Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 38 (4): 765 - 761." title="Two new species of leptomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="2013">Lin, Xu &amp; Huang, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is characterised by five radial canals and the purported absence of excretory papillae, could also be a young
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF56E216FC28FDC0F849FDA2" baseAuthorityName="Goette" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[928,1093,573,597]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eirene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hexanemalis">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FC28FDC0F849FDA2" box="[928,1093,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">E. hexanemalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species is based on badly mutilated material for which a reliable observation of the excretory papillae appears doubtful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7956557CF56E216FCB7FD54FFFEFD14" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF56E216FCB7FD54FFFEFD14" blockId="9.[831,1436,682,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF56E216FCB7FD54FFCAFD37" bold="true" box="[831,966,682,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">References:</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF56E216FCB7FD34FFE2FD14" author="Bouillon J." box="[831,1006,714,738]" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" pagination="421 - 427" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. 1983. Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 24: 421 - 427." title="Sur le cycle biologique de Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (Eirenidae, Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1983">Bouillon (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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