223 lines
16 KiB
XML
223 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="1A0EC4A76867BA5DE039A337F39B4B45" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon argon Dickinson 1945" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A0EC4A76867BA5DE039A337F39B4B45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A0EC4A76867BA5DE039A337F39B4B45" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_argon" authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon Dickinson, 1945</taxonomicName>
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Figs 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, Figs 13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dickinson, MG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Sponges of the Gulf of California. Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940." year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 15, pl. 19 Figs 37-38 (Mexican Pacific).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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, AHF-NHMLA L35535, D34, preserved in alcohol, Mexico, Cedros Island, South Bay, Hancock Pacific Exp
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">editions</pageBreakToken>
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, Velero Station 287-34,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.09">28.09°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-115.3">115.3°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 18-27 m, among kelp, 10 March 1934.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Shape upright, bilobed thick branches (Fig. 12A), spreading out upwards, with longitudinal grooves and covered in rounded spiny projections and conules. Height and diameter 3.5 cm, stalk approximately 1.5 cm. Colour (preserved) red-brown. Consistency tough, barely incompressible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Skeleton: axial-columnar, with surface projections formed by the outwardly directed columns (Fig. 12B) branching off from the axial region. Columns have a core of short thick styles and polyactines crowned at the surface by long thin styles accompanied by (rare) short thin centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Long thin styles (Fig. 13A), mostly broken in the slides, one complete one measured 960
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Short thin centrotylote (Figs 13C, C1, C2), wavy to somewhat crooked, with one end rounded and the other mucronate-spined, 210
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–250.6–">-250.6-</normalizedToken>
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348
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.6–">-3.6-</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Short thick styles (Figs 13B, B1), smooth curved evenly, 350
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–480.5–">-480.5-</normalizedToken>
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593
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–32.3–">-32.3-</normalizedToken>
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42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Polyactines (Figs 12C, 13D-E) two-, three-, four- and five-claded, quite variable in shape and size. T-shaped spicules (Fig. 13D) similar to those found in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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common. Basal cladi usually prominently spined (Fig. 13D1), lateral cladi finely spined (Fig. 13D2). No entirely smooth spicules were observed. Diactinal spicules (Fig. 13E) with swollen excentrical swellings and spined apices, often sharply angulated. Three-claded spicules with basal cladi 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–60.7–">-60.7-</normalizedToken>
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78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
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22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–110.7–">-110.7-</normalizedToken>
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162
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–17.0–">-17.0-</normalizedToken>
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21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Four-claded spicules have basal cladi 33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–44.8–">-44.8-</normalizedToken>
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51
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
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21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–86.2–">-86.2-</normalizedToken>
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123
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Diactinal spicules: 204
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–245.1–">-245.1-</normalizedToken>
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312
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–22.8–">-22.8-</normalizedToken>
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31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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Dickinson, 1945, holotype AHF-NHMLA L35535 (D34), A shape (scale mm) (photo Phyllis Sun) B microphoto of cross section of skeleton showing columns of styles supported by polyactines C microphoto of a range of polyactine shapes.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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Dickinson, 1945, holotype AHF-NHMLA L35535 (D34), A detail of head of long thin style B short thick style B1 detail of head of short thick style C short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style C1 detail of spined apex of short thin (strongylo-)style C2 detail of centrotylote part of short thin (strongylo-)style D polyactines D1 heavily spined basal cladus of polyactine D2 lightly spined lateral cladus of polyactine E diactine polyactines.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pacific coast of North Mexico.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">In kelp forest, 18-27 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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As pointed out above, this species is close to
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
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, and if more data on variation would become available, it is possible, in view of the nearness of both type localities that the two might be part of a single variable species. The following characteristics are similar between the two: long thin styles of 1000+
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length, the possession of short thin centrotylote styles with spined pointed apex (shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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), smooth evenly curved short thick styles of 400-500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length, polyactines consisting predominantly of three-claded polyactines with all cladi smooth except for the apices, short basal cladus compared to long lateral cladi, and the frequent occurrence of diactinal polyactines. However, there are also clear differences, which presently preclude synonymization of the two: shape bush-like in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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, massively encrusting in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
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, thickness of short thick styles in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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twice that of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
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, basal cladi of the polyactines distinctly spined in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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whereas these are only rugose or even smooth in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
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, and finally the size (length but also thickness) of the lateral cladi in three-claded polyactines which are usually well over 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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, whereas those of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
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are on average around 150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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With
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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, this species shares a more elaborate, upright growth form, which is otherwise rare in the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |