treatments-xml/data/18/23/87/182387A80905FFFF51F6FACD0353FC51.xml

<document id="0DC7B235D0D1D4F0ACDC04D90305E6B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="24722" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4705.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e84f284-4d30-4c6e-a801-f9822d49edfc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563677" ID-ZooBank="F534C43A-AB09-4CB3-9B08-FD5BDFD90298" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538349781" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weissman, David B. &amp; Gray, David A." docDate="2019" docId="182387A80905FFFF51F6FACD0353FC51" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4705.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4705 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gryllus integer Scudder" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="E41AFFD00961FF925161FFD20157FF9A" masterDocTitle="Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1698772641233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="21EE4EB98F1886373E4BBF47815B2D1C">Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02F5016C9055E40FCD95BEC5E53EBE97">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6F55D140BA769FB5FA338DB7FFBF11C">Gray, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651F6FACD00EBFAA3" authority="Scudder" box="[151,444,1311,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651F6FACD00EBFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,444,1311,1338]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651F6FACD001AFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,333,1311,1338]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Gryllus integer</emphasis>
Scudder
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0905FFF651F6FA9100E7FAC7" blockId="100.[151,444,1311,1409]" box="[151,432,1347,1373]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Mud Crack Field Cricket</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0905FFF651F6FAB500ECFA1B" blockId="100.[151,444,1311,1409]" box="[151,443,1383,1409]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF651F6FAB50072FA1B" box="[151,293,1383,1409]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 96" captionStart-1="FIGURE 97" captionStart-2="FIGURE 98" captionStart-3="FIGURE 99" captionStart-4="FIGURE 100" captionStart-5="FIGURE 101" captionStart-6="FIGURE 102" captionStart-7="FIGURE 103" captionStart-8="FIGURE 104" captionStartId-0="101.[151,250,1887,1912]" captionStartId-1="102.[151,250,1847,1872]" captionStartId-2="103.[151,250,1001,1026]" captionStartId-3="104.[151,250,1372,1397]" captionStartId-4="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" captionStartId-5="106.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionStartId-6="106.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionStartId-7="107.[151,250,1403,1428]" captionStartId-8="108.[151,250,1670,1695]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1383,226,1759]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1334,265,1730]" captionTargetBox-2="[180,1414,212,937]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,562,1353]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1397,294,1452]" captionTargetBox-5="[159,1366,960,1421]" captionTargetBox-6="[161,1370,1557,1912]" captionTargetBox-7="[157,1383,226,1340]" captionTargetBox-8="[161,1425,559,1631]" captionTargetId-0="figure@101.[151,1435,164,1829]" captionTargetId-1="figure@102.[151,1435,166,1827]" captionTargetId-2="figure@103.[151,1435,166,981]" captionTargetId-3="figure@104.[151,1435,510,1354]" captionTargetId-4="figure@105.[151,1397,294,1463]" captionTargetId-5="figure@106.[151,1418,906,1447]" captionTargetId-6="figure@106.[151,1435,1497,1946]" captionTargetId-7="figure@107.[151,1435,166,1383]" captionTargetId-8="figure@108.[151,1435,546,1651]" captionTargetPageId-0="101" captionTargetPageId-1="102" captionTargetPageId-2="103" captionTargetPageId-3="104" captionTargetPageId-4="105" captionTargetPageId-5="106" captionTargetPageId-6="106" captionTargetPageId-7="107" captionTargetPageId-8="108" captionText-0="FIGURE 96. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) G. integer, (B) G. armatus with introductory trill, and (C) G. armatus without introductory trill. (A) G. integer: (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C; (B) G. armatus: (R15-177) Artesia, NM (S15-58), at 25.1°C; (C) G. armatus (2003-170) Bernalillo Co., NM, at 20.6°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 97. One second spectrograms of (A) G. integer, (B) G. armatus, and (C) G. armatus; same male recordings as in Fig. 96." captionText-2="FIGURE 98. ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both G. armatus and G. integer showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for G. armatus: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for G. integer: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032)." captionText-3="FIGURE 99. Lectotype male, G. integer, specimen and labels." captionText-4="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." captionText-5="FIGURE 101. Five second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C." captionText-6="FIGURE 102. One second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C revealing the typical fast 3 pulse/chirp structure." captionText-7="FIGURE 103. Anomalous song (top) of G. integer (R98-123) Churchill Co., NV (S98-95), at 25°C, without distinctive 3 pulse chirp structure. Spectrogram (bottom) of same male, but note different time scale." captionText-8="FIGURE 104. 16S gene tree with G. integer samples in blue and G. armatus samples in purple. Locality information follows all ID numbers. Note the two 16S clades within G. armatus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563859" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563861" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563863" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563865" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563869" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563871" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563873" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563875" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563859/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563861/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563865/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563869/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3563871/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563873/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563875/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs 96–104</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF65051FAB5000BFA1B" box="[304,348,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 106" captionStartId="111.[151,250,1393,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,166,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@111.[151,1435,166,1373]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 106. Known US distribution, G. armatus, along with sister species G. integer, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563879/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">106</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="DD0803050905FFF65009FAB500ECFA1B" box="[360,443,1383,1409]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0905FFF651F6FA7900B3F9F8" blockId="100.[151,1437,1451,1634]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
1901 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651B0FA79034DFA5E" authority="Scudder. Psyche" authorityName="Scudder. Psyche" box="[209,538,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651B0FA79003BFA59" box="[209,364,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Gryllus integer</emphasis>
Scudder. Psyche
</taxonomicName>
9: p. 268. 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0905FFF653EBFA7E03B8FA5E" box="[650,751,1452,1476]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF65256FA7902D6FA59" box="[823,897,1451,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1372,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,562,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[151,1435,510,1354]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 99. Lectotype male, G. integer, specimen and labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563865/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
) designated by Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF655F3FA7E0597FA59" box="[1170,1216,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
. 1980: “W. Berkeley, Calif., 
<date id="E434107E0905FFF6506AFA1800C0FA78" box="[267,407,1482,1506]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1897-08-20">Aug 20, 1897</date>
. S.H. Scudder coll. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF6533CFA18039AFA78" box="[605,717,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF6533CFA18039EFA78" box="[605,713,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">Gr. integer</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
Scudder’s 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0905FFF6525CFA18023EFA78" box="[829,873,1482,1506]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
1901. Red label, 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0905FFF65578FA180512FA78" box="[1049,1093,1482,1506]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
14065.” Specimen labeled Weiss- man and Rentz cotype #1). 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0905FFF650BCFA3C0358F99C" box="[477,527,1518,1542]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Type</typeStatus>
in ANSP. ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651FAF9DE01BCF9BF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[155,235,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryllus</taxonomicName>
VI’ of 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0905FFF65055F9DE031BF9BF" author="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F." box="[308,588,1548,1573]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="87 - 114" refId="ref168594" refString="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. (1977 a) The Orthoptera of Stanford University's Jasper Ridge and neighboring Palo Alto, California. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 35, 87 - 114." type="journal article" year="1977">Weissman &amp; Rentz (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0905FFF6531CF9DF02DAF9BF" author="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Weissman, D. B." box="[637,909,1548,1573]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref166068" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Weissman, D. B. (1981) Faunal affinities, systematics, and bionomics of the Orthoptera of the California Channel Islands. University of California Publications in Entomology, 94, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="1981">Rentz &amp; Weissman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651F6F9FE01A9F9D9" box="[151,254,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651F6F9FE01A9F9D9" box="[151,254,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part) of Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF65087F9FE034EF9D9" box="[486,537,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
(1980). ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651FAF99B01BCF9F8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[155,235,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryllus</taxonomicName>
#6’ of DBW notebooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0905FFF651F6F9420005F968" blockId="100.[151,1437,1680,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651F6F942007FF930" box="[151,296,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF6504FF94200F7F930" box="[302,416,1680,1706]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">California</collectingRegion>
(except for southeastern deserts) north into 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF652EEF9420540F930" box="[911,1047,1680,1706]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Washington</collectingRegion>
, east into 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF655E9F942059FF930" box="[1160,1224,1680,1706]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Idaho</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF6559FF942043BF930" box="[1278,1388,1680,1706]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
and south into western 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF65014F96600B7F954" box="[373,480,1716,1742]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, northern and central 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF65381F966024EF954" box="[736,793,1716,1742]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Utah</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF6523BF96602E7F954" box="[858,944,1716,1742]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Nevada</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF652A3F966057FF954" box="[962,1064,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,294,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1397,294,1463]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
). Also known from 5 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0905FFF6544AF96604CAF954" box="[1323,1437,1716,1742]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">California</collectingRegion>
Channel Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0905FFF551A6F92F0253F934" blockId="100.[151,1437,1680,2031]" lastBlockId="103.[151,1437,1396,2034]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651A6F92F036CF88C" box="[199,571,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Recognition characters and song</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF65326F92E03EAF88C" box="[583,701,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Alachua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medium">A medium</taxonomicName>
sized, short hind femur, always solid black headed, long and narrow tegmina, long hind winged cricket. Song usually with intermittent bursts of 3 (range 2–4) p/c, usually without an introductory, short trill (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF650A1F8960374F8C4" box="[448,547,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 101" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[159,1366,960,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[151,1418,906,1447]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 101. Five second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563869/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs 101</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF6534CF896030DF8C4" box="[557,602,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[161,1370,1557,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[151,1435,1497,1946]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 102. One second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C revealing the typical fast 3 pulse/chirp structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563871/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">102</figureCitation>
; R 
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captionTargetPageId-21="51" captionTargetPageId-22="54" captionTargetPageId-23="55" captionTargetPageId-24="56" captionTargetPageId-25="57" captionTargetPageId-26="58" captionTargetPageId-27="59" captionTargetPageId-28="59" captionTargetPageId-29="63" captionTargetPageId-3="36" captionTargetPageId-30="63" captionTargetPageId-31="64" captionTargetPageId-32="64" captionTargetPageId-33="65" captionTargetPageId-34="65" captionTargetPageId-35="66" captionTargetPageId-36="67" captionTargetPageId-37="67" captionTargetPageId-38="69" captionTargetPageId-39="70" captionTargetPageId-4="37" captionTargetPageId-40="71" captionTargetPageId-41="71" captionTargetPageId-42="72" captionTargetPageId-43="74" captionTargetPageId-44="74" captionTargetPageId-5="38" captionTargetPageId-6="39" captionTargetPageId-7="41" captionTargetPageId-8="42" captionTargetPageId-9="43" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. One second spectrogram of G. locorojo, same male as in Fig. 15." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. ITS2 gene tree. G. brevicaudus samples: S03-8 (G5); S16-1 (G3354, G3393); G. insularis samples: Guadalupe Island, Baja California Norte, Mexico; G. bryanti samples: Andros Island, Bahamas; G. alexanderi sample: Clarion Island, Colima, Mexico." captionText-10="FIGURE 26. Known distribution of G. thinos." captionText-11="FIGURE 27. ITS2 gene tree showing some separation between Padre Island and Boca Chica samples of G. thinos." captionText-12="FIGURE 28. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus. G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C. G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." captionText-13="FIGURE 29. One second spectrograms of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus; same males as in Fig. 28." captionText-14="FIGURE 30. ITS2 gene tree. G. firmus samples: S03-85 (G60, G61, G62); S07-25 (G1073, G1074); S07-26 (G1186, G1235); S10-63 (G1920, G1922); S10-67 (G1915); S11-29 (G2165, G2029, G2034); S13-41 (G2709); S13-59 (G2716); G. pennsylvanicus samples: S08-74 (G709, G710); S11-107 (G2208); S11-108 (G2211)." captionText-15="FIGURE 31. Five second calling song of G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C." captionText-16="FIGURE 32. Populations of G. pennsylvanicus studied by us." captionText-17="FIGURE 33. Size differences, in G. pennsylvanicus, between northern (right) from Berrien Co., Michigan, and southern (left) from Saline Co., KS [S02-49])." captionText-18="FIGURE 34. Map of G. pennsylvanicus showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48)." captionText-19="FIGURE 35. Long ovipositor G. pennsylvanicus from Saline Co., KS (S02-49)." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Holotype male, and labels, of G. brevicaudus." captionText-20="FIGURE 36. Regression G. pennsylvanicus showing a weak correlation between number of file teeth and hind femur length, the latter a proxy for body size." captionText-21="FIGURE 37. Regression G. pennsylvanicus vs. G. veletis demonstrating longer ovipositors in the former taxa. Specimens from only the 6 localities discussed in text." captionText-22="FIGURE 38. Lectotype male, G. firmus, specimen and labels." captionText-23="FIGURE 39. Populations of G. firmus that we studied." captionText-24="FIGURE 40. Five second calling song in G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." captionText-25="FIGURE 41. Color variation in Texas G. firmus: lighter, coastal specimens, with head stripes (2 upper photos and lower left), Cameron Co., TX, S07-26 vs. darker, inland specimen (lower right, Schulenburg, TX, S10-65)." captionText-26="FIGURE 42. Egg hatch from single field collected G. firmus (S13-65) from near Schulenburg, TX, showing a mixed egg diapause pattern." captionText-27="FIGURE 43. Regression file tooth number vs. length hind femur in ‘G. #19’ vs. ‘G. near #19.’" captionText-28="FIGURE 44. Regression length ovipositor vs. length hind femur in ‘G. #19’ vs. ‘G. near #19.’" captionText-29="FIGURE 45. Regression body length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Top: Live male (Jasper Ridge, S92-44) G. brevicaudus showing distinctive yellow-orange markings that contrast with rest of black cricket. Bottom: Female from Palo Alto, CA (S87-33) showing short ovipositor." captionText-30="FIGURE 46. Regression pronotal width vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-31="FIGURE 47. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-32="FIGURE 48. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-33="FIGURE 49. Regression cercus length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-34="FIGURE 50. Regression cercus length vs. hind femur length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-35="FIGURE 51. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. firmus." captionText-36="FIGURE. 52. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. pennsylvanicus showing males with higher numbers of file teeth have lower pulse rates." captionText-37="FIGURE 53. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate for combined comparison between G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-38="FIGURE 54. ITS2 gene tree. G. multipulsator sample: S03-41 (G577); G. assimilis samples: S10-64 (G1901); S16-12 (G3367, G3373); G. locorojo sample: type locality (Rainbow Mealworms); G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055)." captionText-39="FIGURE 55. Five second waveform (A) and one second spectrogram (B) of calling song (R09-89) of G. veintinueve from type locality (S09-71), recorded at 25°C." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Five second waveform (A) and one second spectrogram (B) of calling song (R03-8) of G. brevicaudus from San Benito Co., CA (S03-8), recorded at 24.5°C." captionText-40="FIGURE 56. Regression width pronotum vs. length hind femur in G. veintinueve vs. sympatric G. veletis, showing near morphological separation." captionText-41="FIGURE 57. ITS2 gene tree. G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138). G. veletis samples: S03-58 (G39); S03-60 (G30); S15-9 (G2939); S15-16 (G2927, G2934); S15-21 (G2899); S15-24 (G2936); S15-25 (G2963, G2968, G2983); S15-53 (G3304, G3343)." captionText-42="FIGURE 58. Holotype male (left), G. veintinueve, paratype (middle) female (S09-71), and color variant (right) male (S02- 46)." captionText-43="FIGURE 59.. Known US distribution of G. veintinueve." captionText-44="FIGURE 60. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. assimilis and (B) G. multipulsator. (A) G. assimilis: (R13-231) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 25°C; (B) G. multipulsator: (R15-325) Pima Co., AZ (S15-108), at 25.4°C." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Known distribution for G. brevicaudus. Star shows type locality." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Left Panel: G. bryanti (on left) vs. sympatric G. assimilis (right), both from Bahamas. Note head wider than pronotum in G. bryanti. Right Panel: Three second waveform of typical single-pulse chirp calling song of G. bryanti (neotype male, GBM08, Andros Island, at 25 °C)." captionText-7="FIGURE 23. Male holotype (right) and female allotype (left) G. ovisopis." captionText-8="FIGURE 24. Holotype male (left), G. thinos. Female (right) from type locality showing typical, linear head stripes." captionText-9="FIGURE 25. 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httpUri-28="https://zenodo.org/record/3563765/files/figure.png" httpUri-29="https://zenodo.org/record/3563767/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563713/files/figure.png" httpUri-30="https://zenodo.org/record/3563769/files/figure.png" httpUri-31="https://zenodo.org/record/3563771/files/figure.png" httpUri-32="https://zenodo.org/record/3563773/files/figure.png" httpUri-33="https://zenodo.org/record/3563775/files/figure.png" httpUri-34="https://zenodo.org/record/3563777/files/figure.png" httpUri-35="https://zenodo.org/record/3563779/files/figure.png" httpUri-36="https://zenodo.org/record/3616105/files/figure.png" httpUri-37="https://zenodo.org/record/3563781/files/figure.png" httpUri-38="https://zenodo.org/record/3616109/files/figure.png" httpUri-39="https://zenodo.org/record/3563783/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563715/files/figure.png" httpUri-40="https://zenodo.org/record/3563785/files/figure.png" httpUri-41="https://zenodo.org/record/3616113/files/figure.png" httpUri-42="https://zenodo.org/record/3563787/files/figure.png" httpUri-43="https://zenodo.org/record/3616117/files/figure.png" httpUri-44="https://zenodo.org/record/3563789/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563717/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3563719/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563723/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563725/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3563727/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">16-60, S16-21</figureCitation>
), 1000 c/m, PR usually&gt;70. But these general patterns are not fixed in that many populations are a composite of calls including individuals with a pure trill (discussed below), a short introductory trill that changes to 3p/c, and a 2p/c song. Morphologically indistinguishable from sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF651F6F8630042F850" box="[151,277,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF651F6F8630042F850" box="[151,277,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but separated by habitat and geography, slight song differences, and consistent DNA differences, as follows: (1) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF6519FF807002DF874" box="[254,378,2005,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF6519FF807002DF874" box="[254,378,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from hotter, more southern desert 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0905FFF65269F806027BF874" box="[776,812,2004,2030]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">US</collectingCountry>
locations (see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0905FFF652ADF806057CF874" box="[972,1067,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,294,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1397,294,1463]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
); (2) Most, but not all 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0905FFF65478F80704C2F874" box="[1305,1429,2005,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0905FFF65478F80704C2F874" box="[1305,1429,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have an “introductory trill” of 2–8 evenly spaced pulses at the beginning of each burst of chirps (see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0906FFF55478FAA6042DFA14" box="[1305,1402,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="113.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[155,1413,179,1011]" captionTargetId="figure@113.[151,1435,166,1024]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="FIGURE 108. One second waveforms of typical calling song of G. armatus, same males as in Fig. 107, showing presence (top) and absence (bottom) of an introductory trill in a burst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563885/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
, p. 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0906FFF551F6FA4A0194FA28" box="[151,195,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[153,1416,311,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1435,294,1364]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 114. One second spectrograms of (A) G. fultoni and (B) G. vernalis, same males as in Fig. 113." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563896/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">114</figureCitation>
), usually followed by 2 (range 1–3) p/c until that burst is over. In contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF5556BFA4A052CFA28" box="[1034,1147,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF5556BFA4A052CFA28" box="[1034,1147,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually with no introductory trill and 3 p/c, although some males sing with 2–4p/c); and (3) there is a congruent, and consistent association between those males with 2p/c and parallel differences in the ITS2 gene sequences when compared with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF5544AFA3204CBFA60" box="[1323,1436,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF5544AFA3204CBFA60" box="[1323,1436,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0906FFF551AAF9D60049F984" box="[203,286,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1001,1026]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,212,937]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[151,1435,166,981]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 98. ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both G. armatus and G. integer showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for G. armatus: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for G. integer: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
). In distribution map (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0906FFF55374F9D60321F984" box="[533,630,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,294,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1397,294,1463]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
), note a possible area of hybridization in the Four Corners area of southeastern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0906FFF5518CF9FA0071F9D8" box="[237,294,1576,1602]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Utah</collectingRegion>
, west-central 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0906FFF550A0F9FA037BF9D8" box="[449,556,1576,1602]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, and north-eastern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0906FFF5539EF9FA020EF9D8" box="[767,857,1576,1602]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Arizona</collectingRegion>
where males sing more like 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF555F8F9FA0440F9D8" box="[1177,1303,1576,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF555F8F9FA0440F9D8" box="[1177,1303,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but possess 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF551F6F99E005EF9FC" box="[151,265,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF551F6F99E005EF9FC" box="[151,265,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA. In this paper, we arbitrarily give priority to the DNA and consider such populations to be 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF55426F99E0196F910" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF55426F99E01EAF910" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">G. integer</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Nevertheless, it is the extensive DNA/song correspondence that ultimately convinced us to consider these two taxa as different and preserve both of Scudder’s names.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F566360904FFF751F6F88D0515F85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563859/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" startId="101.[151,250,1887,1912]" targetBox="[158,1383,226,1759]" targetPageId="101">
<paragraph id="903536BE0904FFF751F6F88D0515F85A" blockId="101.[151,1437,1887,1984]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF751F6F88D0077F8E2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1887,1912]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">FIGURE 96.</emphasis>
Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF75235F8B202ECF8ED" box="[852,955,1888,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF75235F8B202ECF8ED" box="[852,955,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF7528EF8B20536F8ED" box="[1007,1121,1888,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF7528EF8B20536F8ED" box="[1007,1121,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with introductory trill, and (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF751F6F856005EF801" box="[151,265,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF751F6F856005EF801" box="[151,265,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without introductory trill. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF75320F85603FFF801" box="[577,680,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF75320F85603FFF801" box="[577,680,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF755D2F8560472F801" box="[1203,1317,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF755D2F8560472F801" box="[1203,1317,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (R15-177) Artesia, NM (S15-58), at 25.1°C; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0904FFF75379F87A03DDF825" box="[536,650,1960,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0904FFF75379F87A03DDF825" box="[536,650,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2003-170) Bernalillo Co., NM, at 20.6°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360907FFF451F6F8E501EFF8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563861/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" startId="102.[151,250,1847,1872]" targetBox="[157,1334,265,1730]" targetPageId="102">
<paragraph id="903536BE0907FFF451F6F8E501EFF8EE" blockId="102.[151,1437,1847,1908]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0907FFF451F6F8E50077F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,288,1847,1872]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 97.</emphasis>
One second spectrograms of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0907FFF45312F8EA038DF8D5" box="[627,730,1848,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0907FFF45312F8EA038DF8D5" box="[627,730,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0907FFF4526FF8EA0228F8D5" box="[782,895,1848,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0907FFF4526FF8EA0228F8D5" box="[782,895,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0907FFF452BFF8EA0507F8D5" box="[990,1104,1848,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0907FFF452BFF8EA0507F8D5" box="[990,1104,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; same male recordings as in Fig. 96.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360906FFF551F6FC3B056FFADC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" startId="103.[151,250,1001,1026]" targetBox="[180,1414,212,937]" targetPageId="103">
<paragraph id="903536BE0906FFF551F6FC3B056FFADC" blockId="103.[151,1437,1001,1350]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF551F6FC3B0075FB98" bold="true" box="[151,290,1001,1026]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 98.</emphasis>
ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF5526BFC380229FB9B" box="[778,894,1002,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF5526BFC380229FB9B" box="[778,894,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF552D5FC380549FB9B" box="[948,1054,1002,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF552D5FC380549FB9B" box="[948,1054,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF55250FBDC02F0FBBF" box="[817,935,1038,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF55250FBDC02F0FBBF" bold="true" box="[817,935,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF55078FB4C00D5FB2C" box="[281,386,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF55078FB4C00D5FB2C" bold="true" box="[281,386,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE0906FFF551A6F96B0580F81C" blockId="103.[151,1437,1396,2034]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF551A6F96B00F0F948" box="[199,423,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Derivation of name</emphasis>
. “integer” in Latin means whole, entire, sound (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0906FFF552BBF96A0539F948" author="Brown, R. W." box="[986,1134,1719,1746]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref159220" refString="Brown, R. W. (1956) Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 882 pp." type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
). From Scudder’s original description, we have no indication why he chose this name. While the common name “western stutter-trilling field cricket” has been used for many years (Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF553B0F8D30254F880" box="[721,771,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
. 1980; 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0906FFF55239F8D202BBF880" author="Walker, T. J." box="[856,1004,1792,1818]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker 2019</bibRefCitation>
), the song, except for in a few rare individuals, is not a trill but consists of 2 to 4 closely group pulses. In the field, especially at warm temperatures, the song can resemble an uneven trill. The common name “stutter triller” is more appropriate for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF555FDF89A05ADF8F8" box="[1180,1274,1864,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohni">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF555FDF89A05ADF8F8" box="[1180,1274,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. cohni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0906FFF5545AF89A04CFF8F8" box="[1339,1432,1864,1890]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, which has an irregular trill song. We thus adopt a new common name for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF552ACF8BE0568F81C" box="[973,1087,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF552ACF8BE0568F81C" box="[973,1087,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0906FFFA51A6F8420519FF61" blockId="103.[151,1437,1396,2034]" lastBlockId="104.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF551A6F84200CBF830" box="[199,412,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Geographic range.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0906FFF550C8F842035DF830" box="[425,522,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,294,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1397,294,1463]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
). Usually sporadically distributed but can be locally common. Not known from the hot Southwestern Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts where it is replaced by 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0906FFF55288F8660530F854" box="[1001,1127,1972,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0906FFF55288F8660530F854" box="[1001,1127,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but does occupy the Great Basin Desert and the western part of the Mohave Desert. DC Lightfoot has kindly allowed us to examine some 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370906FFFA54E1F805005BFF29" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
he collected in the 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0909FFFA5084FF4B036EFF29" box="[485,569,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30909FFFA535EFF4B051CFF61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587985" location="Counties of Harney" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
<location id="955560650909FFFA535EFF4B024CFF29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80905FFFF51F6FACD0353FC51:955560650909FFFA535EFF4B024CFF29" box="[575,795,153,179]" name="Counties of Harney" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Oregon">Counties of Harney</location>
, Malheur, and Wasco during the early 1980s. While these are morphologically highly suggestive of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA5315FF6F03B0FF4D" box="[628,743,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA5315FF6F03B0FF4D" box="[628,743,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, none have associated recordings. We believe his specimens indicate a more widespread distribution of this taxon east of the Cascades in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0909FFFA5292FF33051CFF61" box="[1011,1099,225,251]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oregon</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0909FFFA51A6FED703A2FE16" blockId="104.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA51A6FED70073FE85" box="[199,292,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Habitat.</emphasis>
From sea level to 
<quantity id="57729B5B0909FFFA508EFED6036AFE85" box="[495,573,260,287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950m</quantity>
(Mono Lake, CA, S78-123 &amp; S78-125). Usually in towns but associated with a variety of microhabitats: watered lawns, dry grassy fields, garbage dump areas, cracks in concrete and dry ground, around florescent lights at gas stations, and mud-soil cracks in dry lake beds (Mono Lake, CA, S78-123 &amp; S78-125; Washoe Co., NV, S83-49; Lake Lenore, WA, S04-60).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0909FFFA51A6FE470053FE6D" blockId="104.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA51A6FE47030BFE35" box="[199,604,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Life cycle and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
No egg diapause: Stanford, CA (S92-45); 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA555FFE4705E9FE35" authority="Co." authorityName="Co." box="[1086,1214,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Colusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colusa Co.</taxonomicName>
, CA (S15-80); Sacramento River SRA, CA (S15-81). Two generations/year in southern populations but doubt such in more northern localities.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F566360909FFFA51F6FA8E0244FAEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563865" box="[151,787,1372,1398]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563865/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" startId="104.[151,250,1372,1397]" targetBox="[151,1435,562,1353]" targetPageId="104">
<paragraph id="903536BE0909FFFA51F6FA8E0244FAEF" blockId="104.[151,787,1372,1398]" box="[151,787,1372,1398]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA51F6FA8E0077FAEF" bold="true" box="[151,288,1372,1397]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">FIGURE 99.</emphasis>
Lectotype male, 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA50B1FA8C036DFAEF" box="[464,570,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA50B1FA8C0361FAEF" box="[464,566,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">G. integer</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
specimen and labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE0909FFFB51A6FA76045EFE85" blockId="104.[151,1437,1443,2010]" lastBlockId="105.[151,1437,152,287]" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA51A6FA760060FA27" box="[199,311,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Variation.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA505EFA7100DBFA24" bold="true" box="[319,396,1443,1470]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Color:</emphasis>
Individual crickets, especially second-generation ones from hot climates like the 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0909FFFA544AFA7104CAFA27" box="[1323,1437,1443,1469]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">California</collectingRegion>
Central Valley, can have a distinctive two-tone contrasting appearance: black head and pronotum coupled with beige/straw colored tegmina (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0909FFFA5089FA39036DF99C" box="[488,570,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1372,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,562,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[151,1435,510,1354]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 99. Lectotype male, G. integer, specimen and labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563865/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
) and legs. In certain individuals, even the pronotum can be beige/straw colored. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA51B8F9DD00E2F9B0" bold="true" box="[217,437,1551,1578]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hind wing length:</emphasis>
Always with long hind wings although these have been occasionally shed in field-collected adult males (Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA5091F9E60374F9D4" box="[496,547,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
. 1980). Of 133 studied 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA5255F9E602F0F9D7" box="[820,935,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA5255F9E602F0F9D7" box="[820,935,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males, all but 9 had intact long hind wings. All those without long hind wings were, in fact, dealate, a condition discussed elsewhere for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA55A8F98A04CBF9E8" box="[1225,1436,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Acheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domesticus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA55A8F98A04CBF9E8" box="[1225,1436,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Acheta domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0909FFFA51FFF9A90099F90F" author="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F." box="[158,462,1659,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="246 - 248" refId="ref168639" refString="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. (1977 b) Feral house crickets Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in southern Calif. Entomological News, 88, 246 - 248." type="journal article" year="1977">Weissman &amp; Rentz 1977b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0909FFFA50BBF9A9033BF90C" author="Walker, T. J." box="[474,620,1659,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="602" refId="ref167852" refString="Walker, T. J. (1977) Re-examination of monopterous and &quot; micropterous &quot; house crickets (Acheta domesticus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70, 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 70.4.602" type="journal article" year="1977">Walker 1977</bibRefCitation>
) where both hind wings are shed. This condition is easily diagnosed in those males whose right tegmen has been removed for file analysis. Interestingly, in two populations found away from humans (Mono Lake, CA, S78-123 &amp; S78-125, &amp; Lake Lenore, WA, S04-60), where individuals were living in cracks in dry mud flats with short grass, 4 of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370909FFFA53D6F9350259F89B" box="[695,782,1767,1793]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
(S78-123 &amp; S78-125) and 1 of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370909FFFA5518F9350587F89B" box="[1145,1232,1767,1794]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
(S04-60) had lost their hind wings. In contrast 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370909FFFA5083F8D9036EF8BF" box="[482,569,1803,1829]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
from a similar habitat (Washoe Co., NV, S83-49) all had unshed, long hind wings. At some localities, female 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0909FFFA5375F8E203D2F8D3" box="[532,645,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA5375F8E203D2F8D3" box="[532,645,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be difficult to assign to species. In those situations where we can make such assignments, no female, of 83 collected, was dealate. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA520AF8810512F8F4" bold="true" box="[875,1093,1875,1902]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Ovipositor length:</emphasis>
The 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370909FFFA551EF88605BDF8F7" box="[1151,1258,1875,1902]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0909FFFA544FF88104CBF8F7" box="[1326,1436,1875,1901]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
(S11-72) have the longest ovipositors (range 
<quantity id="57729B5B0909FFFA53E7F8AA027FF808" box="[646,808,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" metricValueMax="1.78" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="16.05" valueMax="17.8" valueMin="14.3">14.3–17.8 mm</quantity>
) of any population of this species, perhaps reflecting the cold winters there and the need to deposit eggs deep in the soil. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0909FFFA5202F84E0525F82C" bold="true" box="[867,1138,1947,1974]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pronotum dimensions:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0909FFFA5518F8490471F82C" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1145,1318,1947,1974]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="267 - 270" refId="ref166559" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1901) The species of Gryllus on the Pacific coast. Psyche, 9, 267 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1901 / 239671" type="journal article" year="1901">Scudder (1901)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the pronotum is nearly twice as broad as long. While this condition exists in some individuals, it is not universal, and certainly not diagnostic for this species. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB533DFF4A03F7FF29" bold="true" box="[604,672,152,179]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Song:</emphasis>
Variable, but usually without an introductory trill and 3p/c. In other cases, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB5181FF6F0006FF4D" box="[224,337,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB5181FF6F0006FF4D" box="[224,337,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can have a short introductory trill of 1-3 pulses followed by 2–4p/c and, rarely, a pure trill (Fallon, NV, S98-95, R98-123, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0908FFFB50F6FF3300AFFF61" box="[407,504,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="107.[151,250,1403,1428]" captionTargetBox="[157,1383,226,1340]" captionTargetId="figure@107.[151,1435,166,1383]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURE 103. Anomalous song (top) of G. integer (R98-123) Churchill Co., NV (S98-95), at 25°C, without distinctive 3 pulse chirp structure. Spectrogram (bottom) of same male, but note different time scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563873/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). A male from Riverton, WY (S11-73) sang with 4 pulses in all chirps. In the face of such variation, multiple male analysis from the same population will usually give a definitive answer.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F566360908FFFB51F6FA1800C2F99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" startId="105.[151,250,1482,1507]" targetBox="[151,1397,294,1452]" targetPageId="105">
<paragraph id="903536BE0908FFFB51F6FA1800C2F99C" blockId="105.[151,1436,1482,1543]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB51F6FA18007BFA79" bold="true" box="[151,300,1482,1507]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">FIGURE 100.</emphasis>
Known US distribution, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB5349FA1903D9FA79" box="[552,654,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB5349FA1903D9FA79" box="[552,654,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, along with sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB52F5FA190552FA79" box="[916,1029,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB52F5FA190552FA79" box="[916,1029,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE0908FFF851A6F9E40056FC19" blockId="105.[151,1436,1589,2012]" lastBlockId="106.[151,1437,152,899]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB51A6F9E400E0F9D5" box="[199,439,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB50DFF9E70315F9CA" bold="true" box="[446,578,1589,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">California:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB5328F9E702C8F9D5" authority="Co., Sacramento River" authorityName="Co., Sacramento River" box="[585,927,1589,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Colusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB5328F9E70399F9CA" box="[585,718,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Colusa Co.,</emphasis>
Sacramento River
</taxonomicName>
SRA, 96’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB557FF9E705F5F9CA" box="[1054,1186,1589,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2015-07-18">18-vii-2015</date>
(S15-81). 
<quantity id="57729B5B0908FFFB547AF9E7041AF9D5" box="[1307,1357,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
S Willows, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB51BAF98B003EF9E9" box="[219,361,1625,1651]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2003-08-29">29-viii-2003</date>
, 120’ (S03-87). 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5340F98B036FF9EE" box="[545,568,1625,1652]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">I5</date>
overpass area at Hwy 20, 19m, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB52C4F98B057DF9EE" box="[933,1066,1625,1652]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2015-07-18">18-vii-2015</date>
(S15-80). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB55C5F988047FF9EE" box="[1188,1320,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fresno Co.,</emphasis>
Coalinga, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB51F6F9AF0074F90D" box="[151,291,1661,1687]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1998-08-29">29-viii-1998</date>
(S98-86). Jacalitos Canyon, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5312F9AF0256F90D" box="[627,769,1661,1687]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1998-08-29">29-viii-1998</date>
, 820’ (S98-83); 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB52DEF9AF0572F90D" box="[959,1061,1661,1687]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2003-05-04">4-v-2003</date>
(S03-31). 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB55C2F9AC043EF90D" authority="Co., Bishop" authorityName="Co., Bishop" box="[1187,1385,1661,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Inyo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB55C2F9AC0457F902" box="[1187,1280,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Inyo Co</emphasis>
., Bishop
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5416F9AF0056F926" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2005-08-28">28- viii-2005</date>
, 4450’ (S05-99). Lone Pine, 3500’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB53F2F9730246F926" box="[659,785,1697,1724]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1978-08-05">5-viii-1978</date>
(S78-117), Mono Lake, 
<quantity id="57729B5B0908FFFB5547F9730506F926" box="[1062,1105,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
S Lee Vining off Test Station Road, 6400’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB504FF91700FBF945" box="[302,428,1733,1759]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1978-08-06">6-viii-1978</date>
(S78-123 &amp; 125). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB531EF91403BBF97A" box="[639,748,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kern Co.,</emphasis>
Sand Ridge 
<quantity id="57729B5B0908FFFB521BF9170286F97A" box="[890,977,1733,1760]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="4.4" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.0">3-5.8 m</quantity>
E Edison, 1000’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB55F9F917044AF945" box="[1176,1309,1733,1759]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1983-12-22">22-xii-1983</date>
(S83-163); Hwy 178 
<quantity id="57729B5B0908FFFB506DF93B000AF89E" box="[268,349,1769,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="19.4">19.4 m</quantity>
W Hwy 14, 3064’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB532BF93B0399F89E" box="[586,718,1769,1796]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2015-07-21">21-vii-2015</date>
(S15-95). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB522CF93B02EBF89E" box="[845,956,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lake Co.,</emphasis>
Clearlake Oaks, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB55E7F93B0450F89E" box="[1158,1287,1769,1796]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2014-08-05">5-viii-2014</date>
, 1428’ (S14- 63). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB51ADF8DC00DBF8B2" box="[204,396,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Los Angeles Co.,</emphasis>
Santa Catalina Island, Toyon Canyon, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB522BF8DF02E3F8BD" box="[842,948,1805,1831]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1983-10-09">9-x-1983</date>
, S. Bennett. 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0908FFFB5527F8DF0443F8B2" authority="Co., Hwy" authorityName="Co., Hwy" box="[1094,1300,1805,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Lycocercidae" genus="Madera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeodictyoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB5527F8DF0581F8B2" box="[1094,1238,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Madera Co.,</emphasis>
Hwy
</taxonomicName>
41 
<quantity id="57729B5B0908FFFB5420F8DF04D4F8B2" box="[1345,1411,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="6.2">6.2 m</quantity>
E Fresno Co. line, 457’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB50F6F8E3034CF8D6" box="[407,539,1841,1868]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2015-07-20">20-vii-2015</date>
(S15-91). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB53F7F8E3021CF8D6" box="[662,843,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mendocino Co.,</emphasis>
Willets, 1300’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5563F8E305D6F8D1" box="[1026,1153,1841,1867]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1980-08-02">2-viii-1980</date>
(S80-58). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB559AF8E004CBF8D6" box="[1275,1436,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Monterey Co.,</emphasis>
King City, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5074F88700F2F8F5" box="[277,421,1877,1903]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1978-08-23">23-viii-1978</date>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB50D0F884033AF8EA" box="[433,621,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Sacramento Co.,</emphasis>
Folsom, 174’, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB527DF88702F7F8EA" box="[796,928,1877,1904]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2015-07-19">19-vii-2015</date>
(S15-87). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB557AF8840459F8EA" box="[1051,1294,1877,1904]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">San Luis Obispo Co.,</emphasis>
Montana de Oro State Park, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB502EF8AB008BF809" box="[335,476,1913,1939]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2006-08-24">24-viii-2006</date>
(S06-97). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB5336F8A80261F80E" box="[599,822,1913,1940]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Santa Barbara Co.,</emphasis>
San Miguel Island, Cuyler Harbor, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB55B3F8AB0436F809" box="[1234,1377,1913,1939]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1978-08-31">31-viii-1978</date>
, S.E. Miller; Santa Barbara Island, widespread, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5317F84F0387F82D" box="[630,720,1949,1975]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1979-04">iv-1979</date>
, SBMNH; Santa Cruz Island, Stanton Ranch. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB55BDF84C04CBF822" box="[1244,1436,1949,1976]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Santa Clara Co.,</emphasis>
Los Gatos, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB5076F81300F3F841" box="[279,420,1985,2011]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2006-08-12">12-viii-2006</date>
(S06-72). Stanford University, Lake Lagunita, 
<date id="E434107E0908FFFB52D4F813054BF841" box="[949,1052,1985,2011]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1992-05-02">2-v-1992</date>
(S92-45). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0908FFFB55F5F8130459F846" box="[1172,1294,1985,2012]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Shasta Co.</emphasis>
Lake Shasta Dam area, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85075FF4B00C5FF29" box="[276,402,153,179]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1980-08-04">4-viii-1980</date>
(S80-66 &amp; 67). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8532FFF4B039AFF29" box="[590,717,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Tulare Co.,</emphasis>
Hwy 198 4.4 air miles E Lemon Cove, 725’, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF855B8FF4B0401FF29" box="[1241,1366,153,179]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2016-06-29">29-vi-2016</date>
(S16- 21). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851AAFF6C000FFF4D" box="[203,344,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Ventura Co.,</emphasis>
San Nicolas Island, Navy Barracks area, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8524FFF6F02EAFF4D" box="[814,957,189,215]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1978-08-16">16-viii-1978</date>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF852A8FF6F0567FF4D" box="[969,1072,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Yolo Co.,</emphasis>
University of California, Davis, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF851F6FF330051FF61" box="[151,262,225,251]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2003-09-01">1-ix-2003</date>
(S03-101). 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF850EDFF3200F4FF61" box="[396,419,224,251]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">I5</date>
near intersection Hwy 505. 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85380FF330238FF61" box="[737,879,225,251]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2006-08-18">18-viii-2006</date>
, 130’ (S06-77). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85544FF3305C0FF61" box="[1061,1175,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Shasta Co</emphasis>
., Redding, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85478FF3304CEFF61" box="[1305,1433,225,251]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-29">29-vi-1992</date>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851F6FED60047FE85" bold="true" box="[151,272,260,287]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Colorado:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8507BFED700E5FE85" box="[282,434,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Garfield Co.,</emphasis>
Rifle, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85365FED603C4FE85" box="[516,659,260,287]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2009-08-15">15-viii-2009</date>
, 5140’ (S09-109). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8520DFED402B6FE85" box="[876,993,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Mesa Co.,</emphasis>
Fruita, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8555EFED70599FE85" box="[1087,1230,261,287]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2009-08-16">16-viii-2009</date>
, 4420’ (S09-114). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851F6FEFB01B1FED9" bold="true" box="[151,230,297,323]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Idaho:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8518EFEFB00D6FED9" box="[239,385,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Owyhee Co.,</emphasis>
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF850E8FEFB00F9FED9" box="[393,430,297,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
N Bruneau, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85320FEFB0396FED9" box="[577,705,297,323]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2004-06-12">12-vi-2004</date>
, 2900’ (S04-40). 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF852E9FEFB02FBFED9" box="[904,940,297,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
S Bruneau, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8555AFEFB05FBFED9" box="[1083,1196,297,323]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1996-06-07">7-vi-1996</date>
, 2600’ (S96-37). Mt. Home, 3260’, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8505AFE9F00FDFEFD" box="[315,426,333,359]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1996-06-07">7-vi-1996</date>
(S96-41); 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85344FE9F03F6FEFD" box="[549,673,333,359]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2014-06-26">26-vi-2014</date>
(S14-31). 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF8527DFE9F0219FEFD" box="[796,846,333,359]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
SE Mt. Home, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85560FE9F0525FEFD" box="[1025,1138,333,359]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1996-06-07">7-vi-1996</date>
, 2780’ (S96-40). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85458FE9F04CBFEFD" bold="true" box="[1337,1436,333,359]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Nevada:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851F6FEA3006FFE11" box="[151,312,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Churchill Co.,</emphasis>
Fallon, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF850F9FEA30340FE11" box="[408,535,369,395]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1998-09-16">16-ix-1998</date>
, 4000’ (S98-95); 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF853BFFEA3020CFE11" box="[734,859,369,395]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2012-09-14">14-ix-2012</date>
(S12-116). Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF854E4FEA301A4FE35" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2005-03-01">1- iii-2005</date>
, 3940’ (S05-23). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF850D4FE47030DFE35" box="[437,602,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Humboldt Co.,</emphasis>
Paradise Valley, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8527BFE4702DCFE35" box="[794,907,405,431]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1996-06-08">8-vi-1996</date>
, 4600’ (S96-42). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8552FFE4405EDFE35" box="[1102,1210,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lyon Co.,</emphasis>
Weeks, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85478FE4704CFFE35" box="[1305,1432,405,431]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1998-04-19">19-iv-1998</date>
, 4320’ (S98-32). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8502EFE6B0088FE49" box="[335,479,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Mineral Co.,</emphasis>
Hawthorne, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85310FE6B03A7FE49" box="[625,752,441,467]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-26">26-vi-1992</date>
, 4320’ (S92-65). Schurz, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8556EFE6B05D9FE49" box="[1039,1166,441,467]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-27">27-vi-1992</date>
, 4000’ (S92-66). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85433FE6B01B8FE6D" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pershing Co.,</emphasis>
Rye Patch State Rec Area, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8537AFE0F03CDFE6D" box="[539,666,477,503]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-27">27-vi-1992</date>
, 4050’ (S92-67). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8523BFE0F02B3FE6D" box="[858,996,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Washoe Co.,</emphasis>
Hwy 447 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF85537FE0F05DFFE6D" box="[1110,1160,477,503]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="18.0">18m</quantity>
NW Gerlach, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85446FE0F04CFFE6D" box="[1319,1432,477,503]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1983-06-03">3-vi-1983</date>
, 4700’ (S83-49). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85031FDD30354FD81" box="[336,515,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">White Pine Co.,</emphasis>
Baker, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8533AFDD3039BFD81" box="[603,716,513,539]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1996-06-09">9-vi-1996</date>
, 5380’ (S96-49). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF852F0FDD202A3FD81" bold="true" box="[913,1012,512,539]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Oregon:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8529DFDD005D0FD81" box="[1020,1159,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Harney Co.,</emphasis>
Burns, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85581FDD30407FD81" box="[1248,1360,513,539]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1997-06-02">2-vi-1997</date>
, 4020’ (S97-51). Fields, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8503BFDF7008EFDA5" box="[346,473,549,575]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-28">28-vi-1992</date>
, 4300’ (S92-69). Hwy 205 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF85266FDF70219FDA5" box="[775,846,549,575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="16.6">16.6m</quantity>
NW Fields, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF852BAFDF7051CFDA5" box="[987,1099,549,575]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1997-06-02">2-vi-1997</date>
, 4720’ (S97-52). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8546CFDF704CBFDA5" box="[1293,1436,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Jackson Co.,</emphasis>
Emigrant Lake Recreational Area, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85340FD9B03FFFDF9" box="[545,680,585,611]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-07-27">27-vii-1992</date>
, 1800’ (S92-82). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8520FFD9B028CFDF9" box="[878,987,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lake Co.,</emphasis>
Lakeview, 4700’ (S92-71), 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85478FD9B04CEFDF9" box="[1305,1433,585,611]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-06-28">28-vi-1992</date>
. Warner Valley, 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF85029FDBF00D4FD1D" box="[328,387,621,647]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
N Plush, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85098FDBF032FFD1D" box="[505,632,621,647]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2014-06-24">24-vi-2014</date>
, 4509’, 42° 34’ 24.0 -119° 53’ 03.3” (S14-26); 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF855FEFDBF0586FD1D" box="[1183,1233,621,647]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="17.0">17m</quantity>
NE Plush, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85439FDBF0185FD31" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2004-06-16">16-vi- 2004</date>
, 4700’ (S04-55). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF850F9FD43008AFD31" bold="true" box="[408,477,657,683]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Utah:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85084FD400332FD31" box="[485,613,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Emery Co.,</emphasis>
Green River, 4350’, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85237FD430284FD31" box="[854,979,657,683]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1987-06-21">21-vi-1987</date>
(S87-55). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8552CFD4305B4FD31" box="[1101,1251,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Garfield Co.,</emphasis>
Hwy 276 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF8543AFD4304CBFD31" box="[1371,1436,657,683]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="7.4">7.4 m</quantity>
N Bullfrog Marina, 37.6309° -110.7211°, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85313FD6703AEFD55" box="[626,761,693,719]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2003-07-27">27-vii-2003</date>
, 3900’. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85234FD6702B7FD55" box="[853,992,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Millard Co.,</emphasis>
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF85289FD660560FD55" box="[1000,1079,692,719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="2.05">2.05 m</quantity>
NW Flowell, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF855B8FD670407FD55" box="[1241,1360,693,719]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2017-05-20">20-v-2017</date>
, 4653’ (S17-6). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8519AFD0B002CFD69" box="[251,379,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Tooele Co.,</emphasis>
Tooele, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF850BCFD0B0333FD69" box="[477,612,729,755]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-07-30">30-vii-1992</date>
, 5100’ (S92-94). 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF85248FD0B020CFD69" box="[809,859,729,755]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="12.0">12m</quantity>
N Tooele, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF852B9FD0B050FFD69" box="[984,1112,729,755]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1987-06-20">20-vi-1987</date>
, 4500’ (S87-51). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8547DFD0804CBFD69" box="[1308,1436,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Wayne Co.,</emphasis>
Hanksville, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8507FFD2F00C9FC8D" box="[286,414,765,791]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="1992-08-01">1-viii-1992</date>
, 4500’ (S92-109); 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8530EFD2F03B3FC8D" box="[623,740,765,791]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2001-05-19">19-v-2001</date>
(S01-37); 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF8523AFD2F028FFC8D" box="[859,984,765,791]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2004-09-12">12-ix-2004</date>
(S04-128); Hwy 24 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF855DCFD2E05A2FC8D" box="[1213,1269,764,791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5m</quantity>
W Hanksville, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF851F6FCF30071FCA1" box="[151,294,801,827]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2017-08-29">29-viii-2017</date>
, 38.3737° -110.751°. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85376FCF203E7FCA1" bold="true" box="[535,688,800,827]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Washington:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF853D7FCF3027AFCA1" box="[694,813,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Grant Co.,</emphasis>
Lake Lenore, Hwy 17, mile post 84.8, 
<quantity id="57729B5B090BFFF855BDFCF30457FCA1" box="[1244,1280,801,827]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="9.0">9m</quantity>
N Soap Lake, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF851F6FC970040FCC5" box="[151,279,837,863]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2004-06-19">19-vi-2004</date>
, 1020’ (S04-60). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF850B4FC960305FCC5" bold="true" box="[469,594,836,863]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Wyoming:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85339FC9403BBFCC5" box="[600,748,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fremont Co.,</emphasis>
Riverton, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF85201FC9702B3FCC5" box="[864,996,837,863]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2011-07-18">18-vii-2011</date>
(S11-73). Shoshoni, 
<date id="E434107E090BFFF855ACFC970404FCC5" box="[1229,1363,837,863]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" value="2011-07-18">18-vii-2011</date>
, 4849’ (S11-72).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F56636090BFFF851F6FA680436FA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563869" box="[151,1377,1466,1491]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563869/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[151,250,1466,1491]" targetBox="[159,1366,960,1421]" targetPageId="106">
<paragraph id="903536BE090BFFF851F6FA680436FA48" blockId="106.[151,1377,1466,1491]" box="[151,1377,1466,1491]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851F6FA68007AFA49" bold="true" box="[151,301,1466,1491]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">FIGURE 101.</emphasis>
Five second waveform of typical calling song of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090BFFF85242FA6902DDFA48" box="[803,906,1467,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF85242FA6902DDFA48" box="[803,906,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F56636090BFFF851F6F87C0314F870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563871/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[151,250,1966,1991]" targetBox="[161,1370,1557,1912]" targetPageId="106">
<paragraph id="903536BE090BFFF851F6F87C0314F870" blockId="106.[151,1436,1966,2027]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF851F6F87C007BF85D" bold="true" box="[151,300,1966,1991]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">FIGURE 102.</emphasis>
One second waveform of typical calling song of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090BFFF8527DF87D02D4F85D" box="[796,899,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090BFFF8527DF87D02D4F85D" box="[796,899,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C revealing the typical fast 3 pulse/chirp structure.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F56636090AFFF951F6FAA90283FA22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563873/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" startId="107.[151,250,1403,1428]" targetBox="[157,1383,226,1340]" targetPageId="107">
<paragraph id="903536BE090AFFF951F6FAA90283FA22" blockId="107.[151,1436,1403,1464]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF951F6FAA9007BFA0E" bold="true" box="[151,300,1403,1428]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">FIGURE 103.</emphasis>
Anomalous song (top) of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95354FAAE03CBFA09" box="[565,668,1404,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95354FAAE03CBFA09" box="[565,668,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R98-123) Churchill Co., NV (S98-95), at 25°C, without distinctive 3 pulse chirp structure. Spectrogram (bottom) of same male, but note different time scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE090AFFF951A6FA340185F90A" blockId="107.[151,1437,1510,2040]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF951A6FA340050F99A" box="[199,263,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">DNA.</emphasis>
Multilocus G3416 (Tulare Co., CA, S16-21) and 2003-039 (
<quantity id="57729B5B090AFFF952C9FA3402BEF99A" box="[936,1001,1510,1536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="7.4">7.4 m</quantity>
N Bullfrog Marina, UT—site of specimens with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF9506EF9D80028F9BE" box="[271,383,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF9506EF9D80028F9BE" box="[271,383,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95095F9D80326F9BE" box="[500,625,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95095F9D80326F9BE" box="[500,625,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song), closest in tree to sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95570F9D8040FF9BE" authority="(Gray et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Gray et al." baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1041,1368,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95570F9D805D9F9BE" box="[1041,1166,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
(Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF955BBF9D90446F9BE" box="[1242,1297,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2019)
</taxonomicName>
. ITS2 genetic distances (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B090AFFF95004F9FC00E0F9D2" box="[357,439,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1001,1026]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,212,937]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[151,1435,166,981]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 98. ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both G. armatus and G. integer showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for G. armatus: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for G. integer: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
) within and between 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF953C8F9FC024DF9D2" box="[681,794,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF953C8F9FC024DF9D2" box="[681,794,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95230F9FC0298F9D2" box="[849,975,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95230F9FC0298F9D2" box="[849,975,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are described under 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF955D9F9FC0460F9D2" box="[1208,1335,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF955D9F9FC0460F9D2" box="[1208,1335,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 116). 16S also shows a clear separation between 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95319F98003BEF9F6" box="[632,745,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95319F98003BEF9F6" box="[632,745,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95241F98002C9F9F6" box="[800,926,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95241F98002C9F9F6" box="[800,926,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two 16S clades within 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95583F9800437F9F6" box="[1250,1376,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95583F9800437F9F6" box="[1250,1376,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B090AFFF9540EF9800192F90A" captionStart="FIGURE 104" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1670,1695]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,559,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@108.[151,1435,546,1651]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 104. 16S gene tree with G. integer samples in blue and G. armatus samples in purple. Locality information follows all ID numbers. Note the two 16S clades within G. armatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563875/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE090AFFFE51A6F9490570FD81" blockId="107.[151,1437,1510,2040]" lastBlockId="108.[151,1436,153,539]" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF951A6F949001DF92E" box="[199,330,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Discussion.</emphasis>
Our initial 16S genetic data showed clear separation between 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95560F9480525F92E" box="[1025,1138,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95560F9480525F92E" box="[1025,1138,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF955C9F948047AF92E" box="[1192,1325,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF955C9F948047EF92E" box="[1192,1321,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">G. armatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but given our previous documentation of 16S clades in other species, such as 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF9521EF96C0521F942" box="[895,1142,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF9521EF96C02AAF942" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[895,1021,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">G. vernalis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95566F96C0525F942" box="[1031,1138,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">G. veletis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF955CAF96C046EF942" box="[1195,1337,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF955CAF96C0461F942" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1195,1334,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lightfooti">G. lightfooti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we were unsure of its significance with these two taxa. With the subsequent analysis of the ITS2 gene, such separation was again confirmed (see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B090AFFF950EBF8D4008AF8BA" box="[394,477,1798,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1001,1026]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,212,937]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[151,1435,166,981]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 98. ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both G. armatus and G. integer showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for G. armatus: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for G. integer: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
): that is, individual 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF953DCF8D40279F8BA" box="[701,814,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF953DCF8D40279F8BA" box="[701,814,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95207F8D402B3F8BA" box="[870,996,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95207F8D402B3F8BA" box="[870,996,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similarly and consistently different from each other for both 16S and ITS2 sequences. Nevertheless, we found four populations along the song-boundary suture zone between 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF950CEF89C0376F8F2" box="[431,545,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF950CEF89C0376F8F2" box="[431,545,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95338F89C0389F8F2" box="[601,734,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95338F89C038DF8F2" box="[601,730,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">G. armatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
that have both 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF952ECF89C02AAF8F2" box="[909,1021,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF952ECF89C02FFF8F2" box="[909,936,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G.</emphasis>
integer
</taxonomicName>
16S and ITS2 DNA and a mostly 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF954E0F89C01A4F816" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF954E0F89C01A4F816" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song: (1) Of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090AFFF950F3F8A000BCF816" box="[402,491,1906,1932]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
recorded from Fruita, CO (S09-114), both had 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF9556EF8A005D4F816" box="[1039,1155,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF9556EF8A005D4F816" box="[1039,1155,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA. One male had an introductory trill followed by 3p/c and the second male had an introductory trill usually followed by 3p/c but occasionally by 2 or 4 p/c. A male from nearby Rifle, CO (S09-109) had typical 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95297F8680530F84E" box="[1014,1127,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95297F8680530F84E" box="[1014,1127,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA and a 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95591F8680436F84E" box="[1264,1377,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95591F8680436F84E" box="[1264,1377,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song with no introductory trill and 3p/c. (2) At Winslow, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C090AFFF953B8F80C0261F862" box="[729,822,2014,2040]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, the ITS2 DNA is definitely 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090AFFF95516F80C05BFF862" box="[1143,1256,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090AFFF95516F80C05BFF862" box="[1143,1256,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090AFFF95458F80C04CBF862" box="[1337,1436,2014,2040]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
recorded from there during 2003 (
<date id="E434107E090DFFFE5370FF4B03F5FF2E" box="[529,674,153,180]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" value="2003-08-10">10-viii-2003</date>
), 2010 (
<date id="E434107E090DFFFE539DFF4B02DAFF2E" box="[764,909,153,180]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" value="2010-08-10">10-viii-2010</date>
), and 2012 (
<date id="E434107E090DFFFE5577FF4B05F7FF2E" box="[1046,1184,153,180]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" value="2012-07-27">27-vii-2012</date>
), we found the following: 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE51AAFF6F0075FF4D" box="[203,290,189,215]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
had no introductory trill and 2p/c and 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE53BCFF6F0263FF4D" box="[733,820,189,215]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
had a short (1-4 pulses) introductory trill followed by 2p/c. Based only on song, we would classify this population as 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE5237FF330283FF61" box="[854,980,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE5237FF330283FF61" box="[854,980,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but per our convention of giving priority to the DNA results, we label this population as 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE53C2FED70243FE85" box="[675,788,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE53C2FED70243FE85" box="[675,788,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (3) Of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE520CFED60287FE85" box="[877,976,260,287]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">25 males</specimenCount>
recorded in 2003 (collected 
<date id="E434107E090DFFFE546EFED704C3FEBA" box="[1295,1428,261,288]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" value="2003-07-27">27-vii-2003</date>
) from Garfield Co., UT, Hwy 276 some 
<quantity id="57729B5B090DFFFE532DFEFB03DBFED9" box="[588,652,297,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="7.4">7.4 m</quantity>
N Bullfrog Marina (= 
<quantity id="57729B5B090DFFFE52E8FEFB029FFED9" box="[905,968,297,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="3.2">3.2 m</quantity>
S Ticaboo): 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE5537FEFB05EDFED9" box="[1110,1210,297,323]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">17 males</specimenCount>
had no introductory trill and 2 (rarely 3) p/c while 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE5089FE9F0369FEFD" box="[488,574,333,359]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
had introductory trills followed by 2 (rarely 3) p/c; one male had zero or one introductory pulse and then 2–3 p/c. The ITS2 sequence of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE5242FEA30220FE11" box="[803,887,369,395]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
all mapped with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE5554FEA305F2FE11" box="[1077,1189,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE5554FEA305F2FE11" box="[1077,1189,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (4) Of 10 1992 males recorded from Hanksville, UT (S92-109), 9 sang with 2–3p/c, without an introductory trill, and the tenth male sang an introductory trill followed by 2–3p/c. In 2004 (S04-128), all 3 recorded Hanksville males had introductory trills usually followed by 3 (range 2–4) p/c. The latter’s DNA (G370) mapped with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE5575FE0F05D1FE6D" box="[1044,1158,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE5575FE0F05D1FE6D" box="[1044,1158,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as did a male (EC3035) from 
<quantity id="57729B5B090DFFFE51B4FDD30059FD81" box="[213,270,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
W Hanksville on Hwy 24, who had an introductory trill and then 2p/c.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F56636090DFFFE51F6F95403A0F958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563875/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" startId="108.[151,250,1670,1695]" targetBox="[161,1425,559,1631]" targetPageId="108">
<paragraph id="903536BE090DFFFE51F6F95403A0F958" blockId="108.[151,1436,1670,1731]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE51F6F954007AF905" bold="true" box="[151,301,1670,1695]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">FIGURE 104.</emphasis>
16S gene tree with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE509AF9550335F905" box="[507,610,1671,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE509AF9550335F905" box="[507,610,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples in blue and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE525AF95502FAF905" box="[827,941,1671,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE525AF95502FAF905" box="[827,941,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples in purple. Locality information follows all ID numbers. Note the two 16S clades within 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE531EF97903A6F959" box="[639,753,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE531EF97903A6F959" box="[639,753,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE090DFFFF51A6F920002AFE11" blockId="108.[151,1437,1777,2020]" lastBlockId="109.[151,1437,153,971]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
We have done some preliminary crossing trials between 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE5224F92002E0F891" box="[837,951,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE5224F92002E0F891" box="[837,951,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE528EF9200539F891" box="[1007,1134,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE528EF9200539F891" box="[1007,1134,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE55C7F920044FF891" box="[1190,1304,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE55C7F920044FF891" box="[1190,1304,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Santa Clara Co., CA (S92-45, no introductory trill and all 3p/c) x 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE524EF8C402FAF8B5" box="[815,941,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE524EF8C402FAF8B5" box="[815,941,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Dona Ana Co., NM (S92-127, all with an introductory trill converting to 2p/c). Two of three crosses involving CA males x NM virgin females resulted in good egg hatches. One of four crosses involving CA virgin females x NM males resulted in a good egg hatch. (2) Two virgin 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090DFFFE5076F85000DFF801" box="[279,392,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090DFFFE5076F85000DFF801" box="[279,392,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females from Yolo Co., CA (S04-36, males with no introductory trill but all 3p/c) x Dona Ana Co., NM (S04-37, all males with an introductory trill converting to 2p/c), produced eggs. Only 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090DFFFE55B4F8770449F85A" box="[1237,1310,1957,1984]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="egg">2 eggs</specimenCount>
hatched in one cross and no eggs hatched in the second cross. (3) Four crosses (two reciprocals of each sex) were conducted between F 
<subScript id="0C0E34FB090CFFFF506AFF780044FF22" attach="left" box="[267,275,170,184]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">1</subScript>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5076FF4B00ABFF29" authority=", Lake Co." authorityName="Lake Co." box="[279,508,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5076FF4B00DBFF29" box="[279,396,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer,</emphasis>
Lake Co.
</taxonomicName>
, CA (S14-63) x F 
<subScript id="0C0E34FB090CFFFF53A3FF78039DFF22" attach="left" box="[706,714,170,184]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">1</subScript>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF53AFFF4B02ACFF29" authority=", Dona Ana Co." authorityName="Dona Ana Co." box="[718,1019,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF53AFFF4B0204FF29" box="[718,851,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. armatus,</emphasis>
Dona Ana Co.
</taxonomicName>
, NM (collected in 2014), and all four crosses yielded good hatches while incubated at 27°C and 12L/12D. The adults were paired from 
<date id="E434107E090CFFFF55B9FF6F0403FF4D" box="[1240,1364,189,215]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2014-11-17">17-xi-2014</date>
to 
<date id="E434107E090CFFFF5416FF6F01FAFF61" bridgedPair="-" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1919-11">19- xi</date>
with eggs hatching 
<date id="E434107E090CFFFF50E8FF330347FF61" box="[393,528,225,251]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2014-12-16">16-xii-2014</date>
, which is some 10 days longer than typical incubation periods seen in species with no egg diapause, although cooler ambient temperatures probably contributed to the delayed hatch. More controlled crosses could help clarify this situation, but these data certainly suggest compatibility between these two-sister taxa. On the other hand, laboratory hybridization is known in other sister pairs of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5282FE9F0560FEFD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[995,1079,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5282FE9F0560FEFD" box="[995,1079,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF551BFE9F0467FEFD" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[1146,1328,332,359]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF545BFE9F0185FE11" author="Harrison, R. G." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="337 - 349" refId="ref161927" refString="Harrison, R. G. (1986) Pattern and process in a narrow hybrid zone. Heredity, 56, 337 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / hdy. 1986.55" type="journal article" year="1986">Harrison 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF51BCFEA30026FE11" author="Walker, T. J." box="[221,369,369,395]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="565 - 572" refId="ref168041" refString="Walker, T. J. (2000) Pulse rates in the songs of trilling field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 565 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0565: PRITSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Walker 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE090CFFFF51A6FE4703E7FD81" blockId="109.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF51A6FE4700EDFE35" author="Smith, C. J. &amp; Cade, W. H." box="[199,442,405,431]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref166641" refString="Smith, C. J. &amp; Cade, W. H. (1987) Relative fertility in hybridization experiments using three song types of the field crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2390 - 2394. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 359" type="journal article" year="1987">Smith &amp; Cade (1987)</bibRefCitation>
unsuccessfully tried crossing Davis, CA, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF52F3FE470553FE35" box="[914,1028,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF52F3FE470553FE35" box="[914,1028,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3p/c) with Austin, TX, 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF547BFE4704CAFE35" box="[1306,1437,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF547BFE4704CEFE35" box="[1306,1433,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">G. texensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF51F6FE6B00E5FE49" author="Cade, W. H. &amp; Tyshenko, M. G." box="[151,434,441,467]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="2697 - 2700" refId="ref159308" refString="Cade, W. H. &amp; Tyshenko, M. G. (1990) Geographic variation in hybrid fertility in the field crickets Gryllus integer, G. rubens, and Gryllus sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2697 - 2700. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 374" type="journal article" year="1990">Cade &amp; Tyshenko (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reported that crosses of Las Cruces, NM, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF52EAFE6B055EFE49" box="[907,1033,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF52EAFE6B055EFE49" box="[907,1033,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(introductory trill to 2p/c) x Austin, TX, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF51ABFE0F0013FE6D" box="[202,324,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF51ABFE0F0013FE6D" box="[202,324,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. texensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resulted in limited offspring, and only when the female was 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5282FE0F053FFE6D" box="[995,1128,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5282FE0F0534FE6D" box="[995,1123,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">G. armatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Neither tried crossing California 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5180FDD30005FD81" box="[225,338,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5180FDD30005FD81" box="[225,338,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with New 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E090CFFFF50AFFDD30373FD81" box="[462,548,513,539]" name="Mexico" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF534AFDD303E7FD81" box="[555,688,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF534AFDD303FBFD81" box="[555,684,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">G. armatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE090CFFFF51A6FDF70509FD1D" blockId="109.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Individuals, especially those at gas stations at night, can fly well. This vagility may also explain their presence on 5 of 8 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C090CFFFF5065FD9B0021FDF9" box="[260,374,585,611]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">California</collectingRegion>
Channel Islands, although accidental introduction by human commerce can’t be ruled out. We have no information as to whether or not sustaining populations exist on these islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE090CFFFF51A6FD430082FCA1" blockId="109.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Parasitic tachinids 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF50FFFD4303C4FD31" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1897" box="[414,659,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exoristoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF50FFFD4303C4FD31" box="[414,659,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Exoristoides johnsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerged from 2 of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37090CFFFF521AFD420284FD31" box="[891,979,656,683]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
from Fallon, NV (S98-95). 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF5476FD430074FD55" author="O'Hara, J. E. &amp; Gray, D. A." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="171 - 172" refId="ref165238" refString="O'Hara, J. E. &amp; Gray, D. A. (2004) Two new orthopteran hosts of North American Polideini (Diptera: Tachinidae). Entomological News, 115, 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="2004">O’Hara and Gray (2004)</bibRefCitation>
report this same tachinid emerging from a Holbrook, AZ cricket identified as 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF55CCFD670476FD55" box="[1197,1313,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF55CCFD670476FD55" box="[1197,1313,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; given the proximity of Holbrook to localities (e.g. Winslow, AZ) where crickets can be found with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF55F0FD0B0453FD69" box="[1169,1284,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF55F0FD0B0453FD69" box="[1169,1284,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF54E0FD0B01A4FC8D" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF54E0FD0B01A4FC8D" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song, and giving priority to DNA, the Holbrook host cricket likely is 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5562FD2F0523FC8D" box="[1027,1140,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5562FD2F0523FC8D" box="[1027,1140,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. integer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but we cannot completely rule out it being 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D090CFFFF5031FCF30099FCA1" box="[336,462,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5031FCF30099FCA1" box="[336,462,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE090CFFFF51A6FC970353FC51" blockId="109.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
This cricket has been used in studies on female response to male song (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF5286FC9705A6FCC5" author="Hedrick, A. &amp; Weber, T." box="[999,1265,837,863]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="582 - 591" refId="ref162620" refString="Hedrick, A. &amp; Weber, T. (1998) Variance in female responses to the fine structure of male song in the field cricket, Gryllus integer. Behavioral Ecology, 9, 582 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / beheco / 9.6.582" type="journal article" year="1998">Hedrick &amp; Weber 1998</bibRefCitation>
), olfactory discrimination (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF504BFCBB0363FC19" author="Kortet, R. &amp; Hedrick, A." box="[298,564,872,899]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref163605" refString="Kortet, R. &amp; Hedrick, A. (2005) The scent of dominance: female field crickets use odour to predict the outcome of male competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 77 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 005 - 0011 - 1" type="journal article" year="2005">Kortet &amp; Hedrick 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF5321FCBB0235FC19" author="Leonard, A. S. &amp; Hedrick, A. V." box="[576,866,873,899]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref164029" refString="Leonard, A. S. &amp; Hedrick, A. V. (2009) Single versus multiple cues in mate discrimination by males and females. Animal Behaviour, 77, 151 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2008.09.029" type="journal article" year="2009">Leonard &amp; Hedrick 2009</bibRefCitation>
), behavior (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF5286FCBB059EFC19" author="Hedrick, A. V. &amp; Perez, D. &amp; Lichti, N. &amp; Yew, J." box="[999,1225,873,899]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="799 - 805" refId="ref162672" refString="Hedrick, A. V., Perez, D., Lichti, N. &amp; Yew, J. (2002) Temperature preferences of male field crickets (Gryllus integer) alter their mating calls. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 188, 799 - 805. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00359 - 002 - 0368 - 9" type="journal article" year="2002">
Hedrick 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF552DFCB805D2FC19" box="[1100,1157,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF55B4FCBB0185FC3D" author="Hedrick, A. V. &amp; Kortet, R." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1111 - 1118" refId="ref162571" refString="Hedrick, A. V. &amp; Kortet, R. (2006) Hiding behavior in two cricket populations that differ in predation pressure. Animal Behaviour, 72, 1111 - 1118. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2006.03.018" type="journal article" year="2006">Hedrick &amp; Kortet 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF51BEFC5F0098FC3D" author="Niemela P. &amp; DiReinzo, N. &amp; Hedrick, A." box="[223,463,909,935]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref165045" refString="Niemela P., DiReinzo, N. &amp; Hedrick, A. (2012 a) Predator-induced changes in the boldness of naive field crickets, Gryllus integer, depends on behavioural type. Animal Behavior, 84, 129 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2012.04.019" type="journal article" year="2012">
Niemelä 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF5027FC5C002EFC3D" box="[326,377,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2012 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF50A2FC5F0098FC3D" author="Hedrick, A." box="[451,463,909,935]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="832 - 836" refId="ref162463" refString="Hedrick, A. (2013) Family effects on antipredator behavior in the field cricket, Gryllus integer. Journal of Insect Behavior, 26, 832 - 836. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10905 - 013 - 9397 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, b, Hedrick 2013, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF53C2FC5F0294FC3D" author="Hedrick, A. &amp; Bunting, J." box="[675,963,909,935]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="233 - 238" refId="ref162511" refString="Hedrick, A. &amp; Bunting, J. (2014) An attractive male trait and aggressiveness are negatively correlated in wild field crickets, but uncorrelated in lab-reared crickets. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 68, 233 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 013 - 1638 - y" type="journal article" year="2014">Hedrick &amp; Bunting 2014</bibRefCitation>
), and life history parameters and immune response (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F090CFFFF5069FC6300A0FC51" author="Niemela, P. T. &amp; Vainikka, A. &amp; Lahdenpera &amp; Kortet, R." box="[264,503,945,971]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="645 - 652" refId="ref165173" refString="Niemela, P. T., Vainikka, A., Lahdenpera, &amp; Kortet, R. (2012 c) Nymphal density, behavioral development, and life history in a field cricket. Behavioral Ecology and Socialbiology, 66, 645 - 652. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 011 - 1312 - 1" type="journal article" year="2012">
Niemelä 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC090CFFFF500EFC6000F6FC51" box="[367,417,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2012c
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>