177 lines
20 KiB
XML
177 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="ADF485AB777C611E39D4A137BD41DC60" ID-CLB-Dataset="5843" ID-DOI="10.1206/3908.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fc56743-3f64-4d91-9433-d5fe41fd7d1d" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598569" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615482533448" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A., Sunderlin, David, Aaroe, Georgene A., Dempsky, Michelle R., Parker, Nancy E., Tillery, George Q., White, Jaclyn G., Barden, Phillip, Nascimbene, Paul C. & Williams, Christopher J." docDate="2018" docId="03A187BFFF982F35AB8247EC52F0FCE6" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2018.3908.1-37.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2018 (3908)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Thysanoptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF98FFC7FF8B2F20AA7C43405143FF90" masterDocTitle="Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698933204900" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C2F9B3222BC1F1C833E365EF8773970A">Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A767B475A2CB9095AF33E63DCC2B7C56">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="300FE4FA8A29A9C32D1F85FD6BA7FFD7">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26FF80CC8E1CE145F6B83F76693411AE">Sunderlin, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AAE723BC685CC0DA8368E827CB63A8D5">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="47ED67DBEAF335247AD7260FF96A456F">Aaroe, Georgene A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC241BD8631BCB1B86D21794C2F5CEFE">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0DDDF9C9A279E084B2EF0DF6D5C391DA">Dempsky, Michelle R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1C736F038AF750B15A5DEE682415578">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6B7917CA728A27C8AB96A04E40DEFEBD">Parker, Nancy E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F78F3E34E44022FECD3C8879FDA6C6B">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4723660CA4593C9521C04899953A7519">Tillery, George Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4A8CA028066505F59E25D5FEFEE4C4E">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FF6090934E5100EFDFBB7C8A11F770BF">White, Jaclyn G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53FBC9BB8AFB8AE0CFF0DFEA5E74B546">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E37FCA5BFEA4781356AE018166794C82">Barden, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6ECB33647E4AC85F4CAC6BE8C95BB643">Department of Biology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EC3A145D750BFD3C7A75BCED3AB459C2">Nascimbene, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26BEEAF667DDC73FAD66B51F5CA07C0F">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1F56A84E638C70CBB9050F0117065054">Williams, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EB405D48F53DBE50FA519EB7F7C8C6A">Department of Earth & Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="707F593207558C6F81AD51883BDA681F">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B38FADFD6879ECE51BD16099F72BDDE7">
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<mods:date id="6463512E1E18E1D789ED83023FB82D7B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="358170FA60CAA5E4D02C3DF5AD706B50">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DC953C3DA52C0947A3E540C680EAB137">2018</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2ACEBD84C258E9D4068CD80BB7E49457">3908</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F30BEB6AC924C9EB47F2E4C15B380161" type="DOI">10.1206/3908.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A187BFFF982F35AB8247EC52F0FCE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187BFFF982F35AB8247EC52F0FCE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187BFFF982F35AB8247EC52F0FCE6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF982F33AB8247EC5269FB56" box="[510,810,1196,1222]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF982F33AB8247EC5269FB56" blockId="19.[510,810,1196,1222]" box="[510,810,1196,1222]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF982F33AB8247EC5269FB56" allCaps="true" box="[510,810,1196,1222]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF982F33AB8247EC5269FB56" ID-CoL="622VS" authority="(THRIPS)" baseAuthorityName="THRIPS" box="[510,810,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">THYSANOPTERA (THRIPS)</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF982F35A86E47A452F0FCE6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF982F33A86E47A45256FB6F" blockId="19.[530,789,1252,1279]" box="[530,789,1252,1279]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF982F33A86E47A45256FB6F" box="[530,789,1252,1279]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF982F33A86E47A453FBFB6F" box="[530,696,1252,1279]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[108,150,1224,1245]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[108,1212,224,1198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. Various insect inclusions. A. AMNH WH-12, with legs from a roach (Blattodea), and the legs and distal portions of two wings from a caddisfly (Trichoptera). B. AMNH LC-A4, nymph of Heteroptera (Hemiptera). C, D. AMNH LC-B6, nymphal thrips (Thysanoptera), habitus (C) and detail of antennae (D). E. AMNH WH-3, with inclusion of entire male Chironomidae: Tanypodinae, and juvenile spider." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598585/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figures 7C, D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF982F33A8B947A45256FB6F" box="[709,789,1252,1279]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[108,150,1584,1605]" captionTargetBox="[131,1193,230,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[108,1212,224,1558]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 12. Details of a nymphal thrips (Thysanoptera) (AMNH LC-B6). A. Abdomen, dorsolateral view. Note pairs of recurved setae on lateral lobes. B. Antennae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598599/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12A, B</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF982F35AAE0465C533CFEFC" blockId="19.[108,1214,1308,1746]" lastBlockId="21.[108,1215,225,887]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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AMNH LC-B6: A piece of amber containing a complete but minute (
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<quantity id="4CF09B4CFF982F33A9CE465C5558FAA7" box="[946,1051,1308,1335]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
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body length), wingless thrips, presumably a nymph (fig. 7C, D). The body is slightly compressed and distorted, the opaque body contents preventing observation of cuticular microsculpture, chaetotaxy, and sutures. The head is not well preserved, being partially collapsed, but the postocular region does not appear long (as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF982F33A87446F1538BFA5C" box="[520,712,1457,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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); mouthparts are not visible. Antennae are preserved well enough to reveal segment proportions, cuticular microstructure, and sensilla (fig. 12B), their total lengths 440−460 μm. There are seven antennomeres, plus a minute terminal stylus, with relative lengths: 7> 5 = 3> 4> 6 = 1> 2. Most antennomeres have very fine transverse wrinkles and minute setigerous pimples; article 3 is the broadest and bears sensorial plaques, several of which also appear to occur on article 2; sensory cones appear to be absent, as do any thickened, blunt, setiform sensilla (fig. 12B). Femora are moderately thick (approximately twice the thickness of the tibiae); tarsi appear to be 1-segmented (best seen ventrally on the midlegs). Abdomen is somewhat fusiform in shape, with a small lateral lobe on most tergites (6 are visible) bearing a pair of recurved setae (fig. 12A). Presumably there is a pair of these lobes on each of the segments. Apex of the abdomen appears laterally compressed, the tip rounded and bearing a pair of long setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF776621FF9F2F34AA10457053CBF9F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598599/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[108,150,1584,1605]" targetBox="[131,1193,230,1550]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF9F2F34AA10457053CBF9F3" blockId="20.[108,1212,1582,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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FIG. 12. Details of a nymphal thrips (
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9F2F34AB91456E5339F9D6" box="[493,634,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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) (AMNH LC-B6).
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<emphasis id="B97CEABBFF9F2F34A93D456E521AF9D6" bold="true" box="[833,857,1582,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A.</emphasis>
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Abdomen, dorsolateral view. Note pairs of recurved setae on lateral lobes.
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<emphasis id="B97CEABBFF9F2F34A87F450B535AF9F3" bold="true" box="[515,537,1611,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B.</emphasis>
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Antennae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF9E2F35AAE0423752F0FCE6" blockId="21.[108,1215,225,887]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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In lieu of wings and other structures it is difficult to definitively place the thrips to family, though the antennal structure provides good information. Seven antennomeres are found in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AA1142815054FE4B" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1952" box="[109,279,449,475]" class="Insecta" family="Uzelothripidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uzelothripidae</taxonomicName>
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and in most
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35ABCC42815363FE4B" box="[432,544,449,475]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35A82642815252FE4B" box="[602,785,449,475]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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(which also have 1-segmented tarsi); thrips plesiomorphically have nine antennomeres.
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35A8BC42A75228FD91" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1952" box="[704,875,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Uzelothripidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uzelothripidae</taxonomicName>
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is highly doubtful, since the fossil does not have antennomeres 3 + 4 fused or an annulate apical segment (also, the family is monotypic in the Recent fauna, and has just one fossil species, in Early Eocene Oise amber from
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<collectingCountry id="F31F7639FF9E2F35AA10411751F9FDE1" box="[108,186,599,625]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">France</collectingCountry>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9E2F35AAB44117503FFDE1" author="Nel, P. & A. R. Schmidt & C. Bassler & A. Nel" box="[200,380,598,625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="609 - 614" refId="ref14194" refString="Nel, P., A. R. Schmidt, C. Bassler, and A. Nel. 2011. Fossil thrips of the family Uzelothripidae suggest 53 million years of morphological and ecological stability. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (3): 609 - 614." type="journal article" year="2011">Nel et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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]).
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35ABEA4117530EFDE1" box="[406,589,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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further have sensoria on segments three and four, but given that the postocular region of the head in LC-B6 does not appear long (perhaps preservational), and the terminal abdominal segment is not tubular, placement of the fossil in this family is uncertain.
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AB7C418750F4FD71" box="[256,439,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AB924187531DFD71" box="[494,606,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprise some 85% of the approximately 6000 living species of thrips, and they have diverse diets, which include phytophagy, pollenivory, and mycophagy. The oldest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AB0940515353FCBB" box="[373,528,785,811]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
are Late Triassic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9E2F35A8A540515285FCBB" author="Grimaldi, D. & A. Shmakov & N. Fraser" box="[729,966,785,812]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="941 - 952" refId="ref13021" refString="Grimaldi, D., A. Shmakov, and N. Fraser. 2004. Mesozoic thrips and early evolution of the order Thysanoptera (Insecta). Journal of Paleontology 78: 941 - 952." type="journal article" year="2004">Grimaldi et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the oldest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AE30405155FFFCBB" box="[1100,1212,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35AAE340775015FCC1" box="[159,342,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in Early Cretaceous amber and are diverse in Cenozoic ambers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF9E2F35AEED407751ADFCE6" author="Nel, P. & E. Penalver & D. Azar & G. Hodebert & A. Nel" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="154 - 163" refId="ref14141" refString="Nel, P., E. Penalver, D. Azar, G. Hodebert, and A. Nel. 2010. Modern thrips families Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae in Early Cretaceous amber (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 46: 154 - 163." type="journal article" year="2010">Nel et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the northernmost fossil occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF9E2F35A96C401C52ECFCE6" box="[784,943,860,886]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |