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<document id="22533826D666099BE50D66CD301514AC" ID-CLB-Dataset="20475" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1642bdc-4b39-4221-af5f-1170d235dad2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6257801" ID-ZooBank="1C631588-C1BD-4A0A-BDBB-CA9EF9404C7D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645689018391" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huang, Si-Yao, Volynkin, Anton V., Zhu, Li-Juan, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao- Ling &amp; Da, Wa" docDate="2022" docId="CA0E4D2D4407FFE4289BF961FD58F830" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5104.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Processuridia Huang, Volynkin, Zhu, Xu, Wang, Fan &amp; Da, 2022, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="363735554406FFE7280CFFDAFFFCFFEF" masterDocTitle="Processuridia, a new genus for two new species from China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="40" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1699316417464" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="30EB8C54036ACF355DDB0B6D2BB21CEB">Processuridia, a new genus for two new species from China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A03D295F7466C35CC154B58F59570BC">Huang, Si-Yao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B97C7757AB6337687F75345B7CB9F5CB">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. &amp; huangsiyao 2007 @ aliyun. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9859 - 9212</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="137AAE530AA163CAB70CBB8051E8FC6B">Volynkin, Anton V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="92FD7AB4EE1D7C295205C1F7855933E2">Altai State University, Lenina Avenue, 61, RF- 656049, Barnaul, Russia. &amp; monstruncusarctia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9447 - 4925</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60CD006F7A3B57F56D8206AF75A9B0C8">Zhu, Li-Juan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0060F84498C01F222B5C57EA774ECB65">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. &amp; 2872759699 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4525 - 7438</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8298B1B74860CDA8F075C4DA037B5134">Xu, Yong-Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09AA5925CB52DDCBDD7945CD9F8E6492">Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, China. &amp; 982395281 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1889 - 9531</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D451778CD3DFC95E2762075527BB87B4">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. &amp; minwang @ scau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5834 - 4058</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9795CB0F3EA2C083D9D4910FA6811C5D">Fan, Xiao- Ling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74CA61FEA2743E92CA13FD2D42103874">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. &amp; fanxiaol 66 @ scau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1176 - 7667</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C49E9CBBC8A5D348D3593C42E7780529">Da, Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AEAED40AC0420D84231C403E251E6EAA">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. &amp; tsea 2 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4856 - 5233</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="CA0E4D2D4407FFE4289BF961FD58F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6316529" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193825618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6316529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA0E4D2D4407FFE4289BF961FD58F830" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA0E4D2D4407FFE4289BF961FD58F830" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="19504B574407FFE6289BF961FCD0F93A" bold="true" box="[151,812,1722,1749]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84407FFE628E2F960FD31F93A" ID-CoL="BHDFG" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin " authorityYear="2022" box="[238,717,1722,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70D320294407FFE628E2F960FE68F93A" bold="true" box="[238,404,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Processuridia</emphasis>
S.-Y. Huang &amp; Volynkin
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,
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<typeStatus id="9D1C42994407FFE6289BF8D9FF35F8F4" box="[151,201,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84407FFE6292AF8D8FDF0F8F5" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[294,524,1794,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thangka">
<emphasis id="70D320294407FFE6292AF8D8FDF0F8F5" box="[294,524,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Processuridia thangka</emphasis>
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S.-Y. Huang &amp; Volynkin
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BE09D524407FFE62B1DF8D8FCB6F8F5" box="[785,842,1794,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="70D320294407FFE6289BF89FFEEEF8B0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1861,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new genus is characterized by the combination of the following features: 1) the forewing with a reddish lengthwise streak or markings below the costa and above the dorsum (a feature unique in the generic complex) (
<figureCitation id="DA9CE0BE4407FFE62893F851FEFBF84A" box="[159,263,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURES 213" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,194,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1435,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 213. Adults of Processuridia spp. and the type species of the genera Asuridia, Disasuridia &amp; Idopterum. Depositories of the specimens: 2, 3 in SCAU; 6, 13 in MWM/ZSM, 4, 5, 7 in CHSY, 8, 9 in NHMUK (©The Trustees of NHMUK), 10 in CAV, 11, 12 in CKC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6257814/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs 27</figureCitation>
); 2) the male genitalia with a strongly elongate distal costal process which is slender, pointed outwards and bended downwards at the distal end, and with an additional dorsal branch in certain species (
<figureCitation id="DA9CE0BE4407FFE62CCBF874FAB5F826" box="[1223,1353,1966,1993]" captionStart="FIGURES 1419" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[238,1349,189,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-30@5.[229,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1419. Male genitalia of Processuridia spp. and the type species of the genera Asuridia, Disasuridia &amp; Idopterum. Depositories of the slides: 14, 19 in SCAU; 15 in CHSY, 16 in MWM/ZSM, 17 in NHMUK (©The Trustees of NHMUK), 18 in CAV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6257820/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs 1416</figureCitation>
); 3) the female genitalia with a broad and bilobate antevaginal plate (
<figureCitation id="DA9CE0BE4407FFE62B4FF808FC3AF803" box="[835,966,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 2024" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[164,1408,206,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[158,1430,199,1795]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2024. Female genitalia of Processuridia spp. and the type species of the genera Asuridia, Disasuridia &amp; Idopterum. Depositories of the slides: 20, 21 in CHSY, 22 in NHMUK (©The Trustees of NHMUK), 23 in CAV and 24 in MWM/ZSM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6257826/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs 2021</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="16D8ACB34404FFE5289BF9FEFDB0F947" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6257806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6257806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" startId="2.[151,250,1572,1596]" targetBox="[170,1408,193,1532]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="4218FC3B4404FFE5289BF9FEFDB0F947" blockId="2.[151,1436,1572,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE5289BF9FEFEE8F9D3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1572,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Molecular phylogenetic tree recovered from the Maximum likelihood inference analysis of the combined dataset with the best-fit partitioning strategy. The clades irrelevant to the present study were all folded. The
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52CAFF992FACCF98F" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[1187,1328,1608,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52CAFF992FACCF98F" box="[1187,1328,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade was marked out by red. The order of the values on the nodes is as follows: ultrafast bootstrap values (UFBS) in IQtree / posterior probabilities (PP) of the Bayesian analysis.
</paragraph>
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Adults of the new genus are externally distinguished from those of the related genera
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52C89F90CFB19F91F" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[1157,1253,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52C89F90CFB19F91F" box="[1157,1253,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52D88F90DFE5CF8FA" authority="Butler, 1877" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnipicta">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52D88F90DFEF6F8FB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">A. carnipicta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="263681CA4404FFE5291EF920FE5CF8FA" author="Butler, A. G." box="[274,416,1786,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" pagination="325 - 377" refId="ref4440" refString="Butler, A. G. (1877) On the Lepidoptera of the family Lithosiidae, in the collection of British Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1877, 325 - 377, pl. 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1877. tb 02919. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Butler, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 8, 9, 17, 22) and
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52A93F920FCDFF8FB" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" box="[671,803,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52A93F920FCDFF8FB" box="[671,803,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Disasuridia</emphasis>
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(
<typeStatus id="9D1C42994404FFE52B3EF921FC98F8FA" box="[818,868,1787,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52BC8F921FB46F8FA" authority="Fang, 1991" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" box="[964,1210,1786,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubida">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52BC8F921FBCEF8FB" box="[964,1074,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">D. rubida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="263681CA4404FFE52C35F921FB46F8FA" author="Fang, C. L." box="[1081,1210,1787,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" pagination="356 - 361" refId="ref4501" refString="Fang, C. L. (1991) On a new genus and five new species of Lithosiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 34 (3), 356 - 361. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1991">Fang, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 10, 11, 18, 23) by the presence of a reddish lengthwise streak or markings below the costa and above the dorsum, while in
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52D30F8C4FA60F8D7" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[1340,1436,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52D30F8C4FA60F8D7" box="[1340,1436,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE528C5F898FEB1F8B3" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" box="[201,333,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE528C5F898FEB1F8B3" box="[201,333,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Disasuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the forewing is monotonous reddish or yellowish, and reddish markings may be present only at the costa and the dorsum. In the male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52ABDF8BCFCB1F86F" authority="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da, 2022" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[689,845,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52ABDF8BCFCB1F86F" box="[689,845,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52B58F8BDFC5FF86E" bold="true" box="[852,931,1895,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BE09D524404FFE52B58F8BDFC5FF86E" box="[852,931,1895,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from both genera in the presence of a strongly elongate distal costal process (0.230.25 × valva length) which is bended downwards medially and nearly parallel to the axis of the sacculus, while in
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52A8AF874FD1AF827" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[646,742,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52A8AF874FD1AF827" box="[646,742,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the distal costal process is absent or short (up to 0.13 × valva length) and directed dorsally, and in
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84404FFE52A38F808FD44F803" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" box="[564,696,2002,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294404FFE52A38F808FD44F803" box="[564,696,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Disasuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is extremely short (ca. 0.08 × valva length) and forming only a blunt protrusion distally. In the female genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42AB3FF4DFCA7FF5E" authority="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da, 2022" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[703,859,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42AB3FF4DFCA7FF5E" box="[703,859,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42B6FFF4DFC4FFF5E" bold="true" box="[867,947,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BE09D524405FFE42B6FFF4DFC4FFF5E" box="[867,947,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from the related genera by the presence of a broad, bilobate and moderately sclerotized antevaginal plate which is absent in
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42CC5FF63FAD5FF3C" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[1225,1321,185,211]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42CC5FF63FAD5FF3C" box="[1225,1321,185,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42D52FF60FF1AFF19" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42D52FF60FF1AFF19" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Disasuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The strongly elongate, slender and medially curved distal costal process of the new genus is reminiscent of that of the genus
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42959FF25FE36FEF6" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[341,458,255,281]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Idopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42959FF25FE36FEF6" box="[341,458,255,281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Idopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="9D1C42994405FFE429D4FF25FDF6FEF6" box="[472,522,255,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42A6BFF25FC89FEF6" authority="Hampson, 1894" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[615,885,255,281]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Idopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovale">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42A6BFF25FD47FEF6" box="[615,699,255,281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">I. ovale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="263681CA4405FFE42ACDFF25FC89FEF6" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[705,885,255,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" refId="ref4546" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1894) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 609 pp." type="book" year="1894">Hampson, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 12, 13, 19, 24) belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42D1EFF25FA60FEF6" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1298,1436,255,281]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Miltochrista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42D1EFF25FA60FEF6" box="[1298,1436,255,281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Miltochrista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="263681CA4405FFE428E4FEFBFE4BFED4" author="Huang, S. Y. &amp; Volynkin, A. V. &amp; Miao, Z. P. &amp; Tan, S. Y. &amp; Wang, M. &amp; Fan, X. L." box="[232,439,289,315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" pagination="1045 - 1059" refId="ref4707" refString="Huang, S. Y., Volynkin, A. V., Miao, Z. P., Tan, S. Y., Wang, M. &amp; Fan, X. L. (2021) Molecular phylogeny and classification of Nudariina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) with emphasis on the genera Barsine Walker, Ammatho Walker and Ovipennis Hampson. Systematic Entomology, 46 (4), 1045 - 1059. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12509" type="journal article" year="2021">
Huang
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42937FEF8FE88FED4" box="[315,372,289,315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the genera are fundamentally different superficially and the forewing pattern represented by two wide dark shades is characteristic for
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42B11FE9EFC6EFEB1" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[797,914,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Idopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42B11FE9EFC6EFEB1" box="[797,914,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Idopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition to this feature, the differences between the two genera are found in the vesica structure: in
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42B2DFEBDFC41FE6E" authority="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da, 2022" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[801,957,359,385]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42B2DFEBDFC41FE6E" box="[801,957,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42BC8FEBDFBEFFE6E" bold="true" box="[964,1043,359,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BE09D524405FFE42BC8FEBDFBEFFE6E" box="[964,1043,359,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, it lacks a basal cluster of tiny cornuti (which is considered as an autapomorphic feature of
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42B2EFE53FC6BFE4C" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[802,919,393,419]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Idopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42B2EFE53FC6BFE4C" box="[802,919,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Idopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but bears elongate spine-like cornuti distally whereas the main chamber of vesica of
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42A5FFE76FD34FE29" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[595,712,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Idopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42A5FFE76FD34FE29" box="[595,712,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Idopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears only a cluster of short but robust cornuti.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0ABDAFB04405FFE428CBFE14FE96F8BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="4218FC3B4405FFE428CBFE14FA8DF9D1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE428CBFE14FD2CFE06" bold="true" box="[199,720,462,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Description. External morphology of adults.</emphasis>
Forewing length
<quantity id="855F51DE4405FFE42B9EFE15FBEBFE06" box="[914,1047,463,489]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="9.55" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="9.4">9.49.7 mm</quantity>
in males and
<quantity id="855F51DE4405FFE42CA1FE14FAE2FE06" box="[1197,1310,462,489]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="8.0">89.5 mm</quantity>
in females. Antenna filiform in both sexes. Head, thorax and abdomen yellow. Patagia crimson or yellow. Tegulae crimson or yellow with a black dot. Forewing ground color yellow, pattern consisting of blackish transverse lines and blackish and reddish lengthwise streaks. Subbasal spot present. Subbasal area with blackish suffusion sometimes forming diffused line between subbasal spot and antemedial line. Antemedial line curved outwards medially in discal cell. Medial line concave at the lower edge of discal cell, with anterior end connected to that of postmedial line at the costa. Discal spot present. Reddish streak extended from outer side of upper half of antemedial line to discal spot. Postmedial line smoothly curved and forming blunt protrusion medially, its anterior end close or connected to that of medial line at the costa. Reddish patch present at the angle formed by medial and postmedial lines. Blackish lengthwise streaks of different lengths present from M
<subScript id="DE23FE7E4405FFE42B0DFCC3FCF5FCC8" attach="left" box="[769,777,793,807]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">1</subScript>
to Cu
<subScript id="DE23FE7E4405FFE42B5CFCC3FCA4FCC8" attach="left" box="[848,856,793,807]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">2</subScript>
with a series of reddish lengthwise streaks scattering between blackish ones. Reddish pattern present above dorsum, extending from outer margin of lower half of antemedial line to marginal line or restricted between medial and postmedial lines. Marginal line black. Cilia yellow. Hindwing ground color pale yellow. Medial line diffuse, extending from the costa and terminating above the dorsum. Postmedial area with diffused submarginal blackish line extended from subapical area to Cu
<subScript id="DE23FE7E4405FFE42D08FC7EFAF0FC5D" attach="left" box="[1284,1292,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">2</subScript>
or to tornus. Cilia yellow.
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42922FC6EFE1CFC21" bold="true" box="[302,480,948,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus elongate (ca.0.66 × tegumen length) and slender, tapered distally and pointed apically. Tuba analis broad (ca. 0.33 × tegumen length). Scaphium short (ca. 0.33 × uncus length) and weakly sclerotized. Tegumen with narrow arms (length to width ratio 1:4.71:6.5), somewhat curved downwards. Vinculum with slender arms, as long as tegumen, with broad and U-shaped saccus. Transtilla dilated medially. Valva with parallel margins medially and distally. Costa gently protruding dorsally near the medial part; medial costal process triangular, broad basally and abruptly narrowing towards tip; distal costal process strongly elongate (0.230.25 × valva length) and bending downwards distally, in certain species with an additional dorsal process subapically. Membranous lobe broad (ca. 0.77 × valva width), semi-elliptical. Sacculus moderately sclerotized and gradually tapered distally; distal saccular process fused mostly with distal part of the valva, blunt triangular-like. Juxta triangular, with dilated anterior section. Phallus moderately long (0.770.8 × tegumen-vinculum complex length), straight or slightly curved downwards medially. Main chamber of vesica broad (3.674.17 × phallus width), sack-like; subbasal dorsal diverticulum sack-like, with granulation field basally; ventral diverticulum small, covered with numerous graniculi or small cornuti; medial diverticulum large, bearing scattered thorn-like cornuti of different sizes and numbers.
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42D79FA8EFEBAFA7F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papillae anales nearly trapezoid with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses slender, apophyses anteriores slightly shorter and thicker than apophyses posteriores. Antevaginal plate broad (1.501.53 × ductus bursae width) and bilobate, with smooth or slightly rugose surface. Ostium bursae as broad as ductus bursae. Ductus bursae moderately sclerotized and wide (length to width ratio 1:1.251:2.17). Corpus bursae globular and membranous, scobinated with spinules of different sizes anteriorly and posteriorly and densely covered with larger and longer spines medially. Appendix bursae conical, membranous, situated postero-laterally and directed laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4218FC3B4405FFE428CBF99DFE96F8BC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE428CBF99DFE6CF98E" bold="true" box="[199,400,1607,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Molecular result.</emphasis>
The Kimura 2-parameter distance of COI between the two samples was 3.6%, exceeding 3% COI genetic divergence for species discrimination suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="263681CA4405FFE42B6FF9B3FBC3F96C" author="Hebert, P. D. N. &amp; Penton, E. H. &amp; Burns, J. M. &amp; Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W." box="[867,1087,1641,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" pagination="14812 - 14817" refId="ref4620" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Penton, E. H., Burns, J. M., Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. (2004) Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 14812 - 14817. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0406166101" type="journal article" year="2004">
Hebert
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42BB9F9B0FC1AF96C" box="[949,998,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
and the 2% COI genetic divergence for species discrimination in
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42A2BF956FD0BF949" box="[551,759,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42A2BF956FD95F949" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[551,617,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asura</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42A79F956FD0BF949" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[629,759,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Miltochrista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Miltochrista</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
generic complex observed by us. Hence, these two samples should represent two different species. The two species sampled formed a clade receiving strong support from both methods (UFBS=99, PP=1), corroborating their congenerity. The systematic position of
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42C7BF90BFAECF904" authority="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da, 2022" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[1143,1296,1745,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42C7BF90BFAECF904" box="[1143,1296,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42D14F90BFA94F904" bold="true" box="[1304,1384,1745,1771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BE09D524405FFE42D14F90BFA94F904" box="[1304,1384,1745,1771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was congruent in the topologies inferred by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses (
<figureCitation id="DA9CE0BE4405FFE42CAFF92EFB1EF8E1" box="[1187,1250,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1572,1596]" captionTargetBox="[170,1408,193,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[170,1416,181,1548]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogenetic tree recovered from the Maximum likelihood inference analysis of the combined dataset with the best-fit partitioning strategy. The clades irrelevant to the present study were all folded. The Processuridia clade was marked out by red. The order of the values on the nodes is as follows: ultrafast bootstrap values (UFBS) in IQtree / posterior probabilities (PP) of the Bayesian analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6257806/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), and it is nested in the
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE428EEF8CDFEBCF8DE" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[226,320,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE428EEF8CDFEBCF8DE" box="[226,320,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and sister to the clade (
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42AACF8CDFC6DF8DE" box="[672,913,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42AACF8CDFCFDF8DE" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[672,769,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asuridia</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42B03F8CDFC6DF8DE" authorityName="Fang" authorityYear="1991" box="[783,913,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Disasuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disasuridia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), receiving strong support from both methods (UFBS=98, PP=1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0ABDAFB04405FFE428CBF886FACDF898" box="[199,1329,1884,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4218FC3B4405FFE428CBF886FACDF898" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2016]" box="[199,1329,1884,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE428CBF886FE9DF899" bold="true" box="[199,353,1884,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southwestern
<collectingCountry id="3AB0BCAB4405FFE42A0BF886FDB6F899" box="[519,586,1884,1910]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="806332D94405FFE42A54F886FD57F899" box="[600,683,1884,1910]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Xizang</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="806332D94405FFE42AECF887FCC4F898" box="[736,824,1885,1911]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
) and northern Indochina (northern
<collectingCountry id="3AB0BCAB4405FFE42CCDF886FAD9F898" box="[1217,1317,1884,1911]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0ABDAFB04405FFE428CBF8A5FD58F830" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4218FC3B4405FFE428CBF8A5FD58F830" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE428CBF8A5FEB2F876" bold="true" box="[199,334,1919,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42A2BF8A5FD3FF876" authorityName="Huang &amp; Volynkin &amp; Zhu &amp; Xu &amp; Wang &amp; Fan &amp; Da" authorityYear="2022" box="[551,707,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Processuridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42A2BF8A5FD3FF876" box="[551,707,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Processuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an aggregate of the word process and the genus-group name
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE4289BF87BFF0BF854" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,247,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE4289BF87BFF0BF854" box="[151,247,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name refers to the strongly elongate distal costal process in male genitalia capsule which is unique within the
<taxonomicName id="85A787B84405FFE42903F81FFE93F830" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[271,367,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Asuridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70D320294405FFE42903F81FFE93F830" box="[271,367,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Asuridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>