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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297096" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1387d80-7836-4181-89bf-68078ab4ab54" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905267768" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="6A135BDDA24820F122FE621119EEB35C" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Spalacidae.907-926.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Tachyoryctes Rüppell 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" lastPageNumber="922" masterDocId="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae" masterLastPageNumber="926" masterPageNumber="907" pageNumber="922" updateTime="1716779754618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B5DCAEEC3DF50B7D61DCCFA432E3D218">Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C69BA0653E5DCDC219910F21125E5B54">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2B7F4688C83C26111651104A04736E1">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="485750104DC547EFF93F5499323659FE">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6A135BDDA24820F122FE621119EEB35C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A135BDDA24820F122FE621119EEB35C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A135BDDA24820F122FE621119EEB35C" lastPageNumber="922" pageNumber="922" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000040">
<subSubSection id="2B2B58090FBF43DBA0A7176A586252D8" pageNumber="922" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AB33254B55FEEED61F05DF89D9E544FF" pageNumber="922">
<taxonomicName id="D9008D2B1667B98C0E1C3A933312DC96" ID-CoL="7RTL" authority="Rüppell 1835" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C464C04BFB28284F3A0C470E61261C8F" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes</emphasis>
Rüppell 1835
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AF2BD5FAA9DA9FB3C45D4A2B438F587" pageNumber="922" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="53D673FA40017E985AFBFE8DDC9EEDCB" pageNumber="922">
<treatmentCitation id="AF89915A754881247F68CE838024CE04" author="Rüppell" authority="Rüppell 1835" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="35" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Tachyoryctes" volumeTitle="Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehorig. Saugeth., Vol. 1" year="1835">
<taxonomicName id="D0B0699E4414DC1BCF56DE69EAA8AD4B" ID-CoL="7RTL" authority="Rüppell 1835" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22F9876773F16C3B76D797DCE2D5824A" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes</emphasis>
Rüppell 1835
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="22B4E509900EB4E32B685B4CC60C8227" author="Rüppell" pageNumber="922" pagination="35" title="Tachyoryctes" volumeTitle="Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehorig. Saugeth., Vol. 1" year="1835">Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehorig. Saugeth., Vol. 1: 35</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="164B9E80E3AAD529D092A1DDD1E57246" pageNumber="922" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="85DC4890F3FE0643059EA7B2A72706C4" pageNumber="922">
<emphasis id="5FF5F4ADDFA5B74A73FEA75B5F536798" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="922">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3EE61D7DD8BD70707BBD683DCF94D5A" authority="Rüppell 1835" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Bathyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="705D03230F8F6C9993DF4B74D887FD4B" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Bathyergus splendens</emphasis>
Rüppell 1835
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="553E35173AE7E21A30E5E334E4B885A1" pageNumber="922" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="079B5C55E2CF4FE771D6E563DC6999D6" pageNumber="922">
<emphasis id="B94715ABB9F53094D614A078454E9D32" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="922">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B466878FB5BF0822B82D17FA84896FB5" authority="Gray 1843" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Chrysomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8934CAC33EDA3598ED4FAF32157BE17" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Chrysomys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="95C12985E736DEDDDBFFA259D41E8B60" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref128376" refString="Gray, J. E. 1843. List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 216 pp." year="1843">Gray 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CF2210A9D5058E1B06AC7C3A6307EEB" pageNumber="922" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="D75B8FA2C59A273208DCFC1A02D5B42E" pageNumber="922">
<emphasis id="735C9D9EE7B6D781673CCAA6A096DC63" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="922">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
13 species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22217BA6745454B698572F9AD7EA8A63" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="D9B7989A5A062117219826328F139131" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoliae">
<emphasis id="D28A4A142BA0E23F8994E6754F7A560B" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes ankoliae</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B3400E0B37E7CA2647F766CDD6EABEF" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="8C6F53CD0F971897FD704E7D91D9E143" authority="Thomas 1891" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="7055E24C56A1E43D4D455AB858AF0981" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes annectens</emphasis>
Thomas 1891
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35DC489E9C5B04559B7321A7FAAE2D3F" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="EDD68A75A898D231A6DA4D1D56D7C370" authority="Thomas 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="audax">
<emphasis id="85F7BDCBEDD0AA0C9CC836AFE88E9596" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes audax</emphasis>
Thomas 1910
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBECBDF7FFE0BE44264B427CC654A0DD" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="C15427BCDEDF2D48F47B819DF10CE795" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daemon">
<emphasis id="2A5D575F79F94526F2278929CC8B4295" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes daemon</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1000EF493703C70BF828F9B23703182A" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="B4986AB5C4C200E5CF1ECFDF8C56E062" authority="Thomas 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibeanus">
<emphasis id="D87B5CFCEEE14E46AC7169F33BCBFCB6" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes ibeanus</emphasis>
Thomas 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1109CD4F331B1BD3C0189B016EECDCE2" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="A3B2BAE6C699C75A2597EA583BB4F098" authority="Rüppell 1842" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis id="35C6A89CCF1B1FDAF911C7FAED381C6E" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes macrocephalus</emphasis>
Rüppell 1842
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7FA620AF9A1444516F6F7935EE120A0" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="CED3D287A9D861F8BAA6094CDEE280ED" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naivashae">
<emphasis id="B9917A4BB9C14C8F782ACB5505B2C285" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes naivashae</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325D377696295B8CF2C16B3482705E1" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="576E74E3F0E16A476DC20211969851B2" authority="Heller 1910" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="D666E711A96EC3378753A9A167214F14" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes rex</emphasis>
Heller 1910
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B0C4973C9502A9C188B5AB7AAAA0F80" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="82D58A740CEEFB890C0148AD24E70486" authority="Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe 1925" authorityName="Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe" authorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruandae">
<emphasis id="9E8C836BDE3C7677BA6CD2597F96F3C1" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes ruandae</emphasis>
Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe 1925
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACA589545B5C766C0E86BFB34B6464B8" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="30A847B8D1B3BC716A87A548057D0BC6" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruddi">
<emphasis id="8D4CDB7336BAFC127E665824E5B892D2" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes ruddi</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D66CD04002363970392888BB50E710F" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="AB9EF6DAB0A8365388414E45FFD5667E" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spalacinus">
<emphasis id="26BE4E009E126CC02E257336D629060C" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes spalacinus</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D8786AFE255261E707F4E5DE37038C4" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="7B7D17A15C08344BB8C8A7147385D106" authority="Rüppell 1835" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="80135B482FC7DAD005E4E84603A88963" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes splendens</emphasis>
Rüppell 1835
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2560654D231262F2DAEEFD76AFED43AD" pageNumber="922">
Species
<taxonomicName id="275ECC5193F6F9FE66AE1AF6A5403B9D" authority="Thomas 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="storeyi">
<emphasis id="7ABD6ADAC3DCFB1C5DBF06B022105EDF" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes storeyi</emphasis>
Thomas 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC9099E9AB4F9464A5ADA2D140F4188" pageNumber="922" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="72CB0EBA50DB4DF2C9D1AFF9D3A90936" pageNumber="922">
<emphasis id="8CDA77F1C03A18FF6851CFCA2287D266" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="922">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="63D96E5DF3B4A04EFF4D2F6A6D43843E" pageNumber="922">
<bibRefCitation id="4A19B677DCF598E23D19893CF52D444F" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref157105" refString="Hollister, N. 1919. East African mammals in the United States National Museum. Part II. Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Tubulidentata. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 99 (2): 1 - 184." year="1919">Hollister (1919:40)</bibRefCitation>
listed eight species of
<emphasis id="02187B564C62A209109DC7C208DAEA19" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyorytces</emphasis>
, noted that &quot;all have constant characters of differentiation, and intergradation between any two of them is not indicated by this material,&quot; but speculated that the &quot;numerous forms will doubtlessly be connected by complete chains of intergrades and the final monographer of the genus will be obliged to reduce many of the named forms to the rank of subspecies.&quot; G. M.
<bibRefCitation id="DBD21D7C2BEFB66A2B095984C5806F9F" author="Allen, G. M." refId="ref4894" refString="Allen, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 83: 1 - 763." year="1939">Allen (1939)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A6ABBCA5ADE86D16A8F9D44747043907" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
listed 14 species, but these were reduced to
<taxonomicName id="242E5935104597070F73C63BFBD84B06" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis id="59CBF6804EA8235B5E7FB0843D738D2C" italics="true" pageNumber="922">T. macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74C29ADEB495AF66CED34CCFC615B93B" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="BC7F11BFAFB2A93814A7C7B79B031D95" italics="true" pageNumber="922">T. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="12FE042658A2FBF00C8FC7D369845F77" author="Misonne, X." refId="ref243324" refString="Misonne, X. 1974. Order Rodentia. Part 6. Pp. 1 - 39, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1974">Misonne (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, an arrangement followed by
<bibRefCitation id="0D4E8E275E8794A7384C8191A814967C" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; J. E. Hill" refId="ref67916" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1991. A world list of mammalian species. Third ed. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 243 pp." year="1991">Corbet and Hill (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. Of the twenty forms described,
<bibRefCitation id="61354D152967F83F094A9602372E912C" author="Rahm, U." refId="ref296136" refString="Rahm, U. 1980. Die afrikanische Wurzelratte, Tachyoryctes. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei, 528: 1 - 60." year="1980">Rahm (1980)</bibRefCitation>
considered about 16 of them to be valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="790BD8E46F206688C313668BBA477B39" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="26CB12E925D0063D6AE149C862900B77" italics="true" pageNumber="922">T. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DE09E7870B98DDC85DC05CBA50BA9FC" pageNumber="922">
The abrupt reduction from 14 to 2 species was not based on reevaluation of morphological differences that characterize the named forms. Aside from Bekeles (1986) inconclusive univariate analyses of craniometric data from samples of
<taxonomicName id="D02D582CF7C4BCDD73E5087E1E60367B" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3CBB718808B98A537F2AC9091714D749" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no assessment of morphological variation in the genus is available in context of a systematic revision. Until such a study provides documentation and definition of specific limits and geographic distributions, we return to a modified treatment of the arrangement by G. M.
<bibRefCitation id="E4895D805E99927A481E7D51E96D9DB0" author="Allen, G. M." refId="ref4894" refString="Allen, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 83: 1 - 763." year="1939">Allen (1939)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3580A8A9C9B5EB0DB827FA5F1BD4478C" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, which reflects the diagnostic information now available from specimen study and provides a working estimate of biological reality. Morphology and morphometry of the lungs of a Kenyan sample of
<taxonomicName id="2B523ABF21709244400BE0195C5AC7B1" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Tachyoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7178CE8E63F4824E99734287F18ADD7" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Tachyoryctes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contrasted with
<taxonomicName id="94F4900404410C1CA7D5FDB7FC192CBD" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Heterocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="086B9E14DD65E709DB546B65119A34B6" italics="true" pageNumber="922">Heterocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="25BD8FB5C3FF6D381C57F8B587DCB0B3" author="Maina, J. N. &amp; G. M. O. Maloiy &amp; A. N. Makanya" refId="ref222523" refString="Maina, J. N., G. M. O. Maloiy, and A. N. Makanya. 1992. Morphology and morphometry of the lungs of two East African mole rats, Tachyoryctes splendens and Heterocephalus glaber (Mammalia, Rodentia). Zoomorphology, 112: 167 - 179." year="1992">Maina et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, stomach morphology described by
<bibRefCitation id="9F2121CC9467B90C9ECD7B4027681EB9" author="Rahm, U." refId="ref296105" refString="Rahm, U. 1976. Zur Morphologie des Magens von Tachyoryctes splendens Ruppell, 1835 (Rodentia, Rhizomyidae). Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 24: 148 - 150." year="1976">Rahm (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, morphogenesis of fetal membranes and placenta by
<bibRefCitation id="C7C3FDFBA4472932192FA8C62CA64935" author="Makori, N. &amp; D. Oduor-okelo &amp; G. Otianga-owiti" refId="ref222741" refString="Makori, N., D. Oduor-okelo, and G. Otianga-owiti. 1991. Morphogenesis of the foetal membranes and placenta of the root-rat (Tachyoryctes splendens (Ruppel )). African Journal of Ecology, 29: 248 - 260." year="1991">Makori et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, and lower incisor shape compared with other muroids by
<bibRefCitation id="8D8BC9107FD08DD5C3A8E5AD6706ECFC" author="Millien-Parra, V." refId="ref242594" refString="Millien-Parra, V. 2000 a. Species differentiation among muroid rodents on the basis of their lower incisor size and shape: Ecological and taxonomical implications. Mammalia, 64 (2): 221 - 239." year="2000">
Millien-Parra (2000
<emphasis id="BD8466471B57659F8398FABB05A15D9D" italics="true" pageNumber="922">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>