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<document id="35333D5A5828CEB008F792F510CC21AB" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.15.008.2733" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720037258238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fan, Xinpeng, Xu, Yuan, Gu, Fukang, Li, Jiqiu, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. &amp; Hu, Xiaozhong" docDate="2015" docId="E75D87A86064FFC921513A9480C2F83E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.54.2.97-106.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 54 (2)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/85a6df0a-82ef-3492-8c7d-214c0609269c/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.3:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chaenea sinica Fan, Xu, Gu, Li, Al-Farraj, Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu, 2015, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="1B64FFD06061FFCF227838478452FFAE" masterDocTitle="Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov." masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1720040208278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="711C0CFE3499ADF6E4BC71A6F12E68CD">Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF01656E307102C626D82AB67A33D44B">Fan, Xinpeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D74CD2CE75DF2099F62BBA79621F9A43">Gu, Fukang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCD5BDEEBADB07C5697FB32611EAE813">Li, Jiqiu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A75F1489E8BF59282F37CBFF551252A">Al-Farraj, Saleh A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A63CDF45B3BA3B76F2EC0978A615DFF">Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1AF5393D05CA7B9CAB7CDFC78B31E6F">Hu, Xiaozhong</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6064FFCA21513A948103FD40" blockId="5.[809,1361,723,750]" box="[809,1361,723,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="340381D26064FFCA21513A948103FD40" box="[809,1361,723,750]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="5">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA21513A948103FD40" bold="true" box="[809,1361,723,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA21513A9487B6FD40" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[809,996,723,750]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA21513A9487B6FD40" bold="true" box="[809,996,723,750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Chaenea sinica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76064FFCA21933A938030FD40" box="[1003,1122,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6064FFCA260A3A9380EDFD40" box="[1138,1215,724,750]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6064FFCA26B53A93808CFD40" box="[1229,1246,724,750]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="227603056064FFCA26943A938114FD40" box="[1260,1350,724,750]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[132,188,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. (upper rows) and C. sinica spec. nov. (lower rows). All data based on protargol-impregnated specimens. CV – coefficient of variation in %, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens inves- tigated, SD – standard deviation of the mean." pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6064FFC921373B42854FFCD1" blockId="5.[809,1456,773,835]" lastBlockId="6.[132,779,800,1935]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA21373B428783FCB1" bold="true" box="[847,977,773,799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Extended cell size 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA26923B408114FC8E" box="[1258,1350,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">in vivo</emphasis>
usually about 200 × 20 µm. On average 19 somatic kineties. Dorsal brush rows 1–4 consisting of 3–7, 10 or 11, 11–13, and 3–6 dikinetids, respectively. About 71–164 macronuclei.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6064FFCA22053EFF86C2F83F" blockId="5.[125,1456,1720,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA22053EFF84A4F963" bold="true" box="[125,246,1720,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Figs 3A–M.</emphasis>
Morphology of some closely-related congeners of 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA208B3EFF8796F960" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[755,964,1720,1742]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paucistriata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA208B3EFF8796F960" box="[755,964,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Chaenea paucistriata</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76064FFCA21B53EFF8062F963" box="[973,1072,1720,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA261A3EFF80ABF960" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[1122,1273,1720,1742]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA261A3EFF80ABF960" box="[1122,1273,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Chaenea sinica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76064FFCA277A3EFF8136F963" box="[1282,1380,1720,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA27143EFF81C9F963" bold="true" box="[1388,1435,1720,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">A–D</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA22053E938494F944" authorityName="Kent" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[125,198,1748,1770]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA22053E938494F944" box="[125,198,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">C. teres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA23703E9385F6F944" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[264,420,1748,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA234E3E928532F947" box="[310,352,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
., 1995
</bibRefCitation>
), general view of living cell (A), overview of ciliary pattern (B), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body end (C), surface view showing cortical granulation (D); 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA20173EB7862DF8AB" bold="true" box="[623,639,1776,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">E</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA20EF3EB7875AF8AB" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[663,776,1776,1797]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA20EF3EB7875AF8AB" box="[663,776,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">C. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA21333EB787E8F8AB" author="Kahl A." box="[843,954,1776,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl, 1930</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA21B23EB7878BF8AB" bold="true" box="[970,985,1776,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">F</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA21893EB78007F8AB" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[1009,1109,1776,1797]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA21893EB78007F8AB" box="[1009,1109,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">C. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA26E03EB78156F8AB" author="Kahl A." box="[1176,1284,1776,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl, 1930</bibRefCitation>
) 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA27683EB78110F8AB" bold="true" box="[1296,1346,1776,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">G, H</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA27223EB784CBF88F" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA27223EB781FDF8AB" box="[1370,1455,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Chaenea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA22A43F4B852FF88C" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[220,381,1804,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA23743F4A8565F88F" box="[268,311,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
., 1995
</bibRefCitation>
), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (G), overview of ciliary pattern (H); 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA26013F4B80F0F88F" bold="true" box="[1145,1186,1804,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">I–K</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA26C33F4B8146F88C" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1211,1300,1804,1826]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA26C33F4B8146F88C" box="[1211,1300,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">C. stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA27213F4B84E2F893" author="Foissner W." pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref5601" refString="Foissner W. (1984) Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia 12: 1 - 165" type="journal article" year="1984">Foissner, 1984</bibRefCitation>
), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (I), general view (J), overview of ciliary pattern (K); 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA261D3F6F80C9F893" bold="true" box="[1125,1179,1832,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">L, M</emphasis>
– 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6064FFCA26CF3F6F815EF890" authorityName="Quennerstedt" authorityYear="1867" box="[1207,1292,1832,1854]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vorax">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA26CF3F6F815EF890" box="[1207,1292,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">C. vorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6064FFCA272B3F6F855CF8F7" author="Song W. &amp; Packroff G." pageId="5" pageNumber="102" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref6173" refString="Song W., Packroff G. (1997) Taxonomische Untersuchungen an marinen Ciliaten aus China mit Beschreibungen von zwei neuen Arten, Strombidium globosaneum nov. spec. und S. platum nov. spec. (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Arch. Protistenkd. 147: 331 - 360" type="journal article" year="1997">Song and Packroff, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), general view (L), overview of ciliary pattern (M). B – dorsal brush, B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CG – cortical granules, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 100 µm (
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA22AD3F3B8573F83F" bold="true" box="[213,289,1916,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">A, H, L</emphasis>
), 50 µm (
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA23FA3F3B85B9F83F" bold="true" box="[386,491,1916,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">B, J, K, M</emphasis>
), 150 µm (
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6064FFCA20203F3B86D1F83F" bold="true" box="[600,643,1916,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">E, F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3B8B66366067FFC922FC38988653FEBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" startId="6.[132,188,223,244]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922FC38988653FEBF" blockId="6.[132,1463,223,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC38988486FF5A" bold="true" box="[132,212,223,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC9231438988668FF5B" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[364,570,223,245]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paucistriata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9231438988668FF5B" box="[364,570,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea paucistriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76067FFC9204738A786CCFF5B" box="[575,670,224,245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC920B238A7874CFF5B" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[714,798,224,245]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC920B238A7874CFF5B" box="[714,798,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76067FFC9215B38A787D0FF5B" box="[803,898,224,245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with their closely related congeners. SK – somatic kineties, Ma – macronuclei, – data not available.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922FC3975811DFD25" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<table id="1DF4C41E6067003022FC397581CAFD22" box="[132,1432,306,652]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC397581CAFEF1" box="[132,1432,306,351]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC39758532FEF1" box="[132,352,306,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Species</th>
<th id="92155D806067003023F4397585A9FEF1" box="[396,507,306,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
Body length, 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC923F4390A8594FEF1" box="[396,454,333,351]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">in vivo</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<th id="92155D8060670030205A3975863AFEF1" box="[546,616,306,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">SK, number</th>
<th id="92155D806067003020C039758754FEF1" box="[696,774,306,351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Ma, number</th>
<th id="92155D80606700302136397587E6FEF1" box="[846,948,306,351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Extrusome length (µm)</th>
<th id="92155D8060670030219C397580C7FEF1" box="[996,1173,306,351]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">habitat</th>
<th id="92155D806067003026B2397581CAFEF1" box="[1226,1432,306,351]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Data source</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC393581CAFE2B" box="[132,1432,370,389]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC39358532FE2B" box="[132,352,370,389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC39358556FE2A" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[132,260,370,389]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paucistriata" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC393584C0FE2B" box="[132,146,370,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922E539358556FE2A" box="[157,260,370,388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">paucistriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76067FFC9237239358532FE2B" box="[266,352,370,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F4393585A9FE2B" box="[396,507,370,389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">180–250</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A3935863AFE2B" box="[546,616,370,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">8</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C039358754FE2B" box="[696,774,370,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">63–94</td>
<td id="92155D80606700302136393587E6FE2B" box="[846,948,370,389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">8</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C393580C7FE2B" box="[996,1173,370,389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B2393581CAFE2B" box="[1226,1432,370,389]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">present work</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC39D081CAFE05" box="[132,1432,407,427]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC39D08532FE05" box="[132,352,407,427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC39DF8482FE04" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[132,208,408,427]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC39DF8482FE04" box="[132,208,408,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76067FFC922AD39DF8579FE05" box="[213,299,408,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F439D085A9FE05" box="[396,507,407,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">140–240</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A39D0863AFE05" box="[546,616,407,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">17–21</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C039D08754FE05" box="[696,774,407,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">71–164</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030213639D087E6FE05" box="[846,948,407,427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">6–8</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C39D080C7FE05" box="[996,1173,407,427]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B239D081CAFE05" box="[1226,1432,407,427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">present work</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC39FA81CAFE7E" box="[132,1432,445,464]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC39FA8532FE7E" box="[132,352,445,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC39FA8494FE61" authorityName="Kent" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[132,198,445,464]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC39FA8494FE61" box="[132,198,445,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. teres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F439FA85A9FE7E" box="[396,507,445,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">120–270</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A39FA863AFE7E" box="[546,616,445,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">12–14</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C039FA8754FE7E" box="[696,774,445,464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">hundreds</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030213639FA87E6FE7E" box="[846,948,445,464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">9</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C39FA80C7FE7E" box="[996,1173,445,464]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B239FA81CAFE7E" box="[1226,1432,445,464]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B239FA811DFE7E" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[1226,1359,445,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9268C39FA8172FE7E" box="[1268,1312,445,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC39A581CAFE58" box="[132,1432,482,502]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC39A58532FE58" box="[132,352,482,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC39A4849CFE5B" authorityName="Quennerstedt" authorityYear="1867" box="[132,206,483,502]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vorax">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC39A4849CFE5B" box="[132,206,483,502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. vorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F439A585A9FE58" box="[396,507,482,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">100–180</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A39A5863AFE58" box="[546,616,482,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">11 or 12</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C039A58754FE58" box="[696,774,482,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">80–110</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030213639A587E6FE58" box="[846,948,482,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5–6</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C39A580C7FE58" box="[996,1173,482,502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B239A581CAFE58" box="[1226,1432,482,502]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B239A581CAFE5B" author="Song W. &amp; Packroff G." box="[1226,1432,482,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref6173" refString="Song W., Packroff G. (1997) Taxonomische Untersuchungen an marinen Ciliaten aus China mit Beschreibungen von zwei neuen Arten, Strombidium globosaneum nov. spec. und S. platum nov. spec. (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Arch. Protistenkd. 147: 331 - 360" type="journal article" year="1997">Song and Packroff 1997</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC3A4081CAFDB5" box="[132,1432,519,539]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC3A408532FDB5" box="[132,352,519,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC3A4F84BBFDB5" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[132,233,520,539]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC3A4F84BBFDB5" box="[132,233,520,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F43A4085A9FDB5" box="[396,507,519,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">250–350</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A3A40863AFDB5" box="[546,616,519,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">12–14</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C03A408754FDB5" box="[696,774,519,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">&gt;100</td>
<td id="92155D806067003021363A4087E6FDB5" box="[846,948,519,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">–</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C3A4080C7FDB5" box="[996,1173,519,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">brackish water (1‰)</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B23A4081CAFDB5" box="[1226,1432,519,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B23A4F8171FDB5" author="Kahl A." box="[1226,1315,520,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl 1930</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC3A6A81CAFDEF" box="[132,1432,557,577]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC3A6A8532FDEF" box="[132,352,557,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC3A698486FDEE" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Dujardin" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[132,212,558,577]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC3A698486FDEE" box="[132,212,558,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F43A6A85A9FDEF" box="[396,507,557,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">90–130</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A3A6A863AFDEF" box="[546,616,557,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">11 or 12</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C03A6A8754FDEF" box="[696,774,557,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">20–30</td>
<td id="92155D806067003021363A6A87E6FDEF" box="[846,948,557,577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">–</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C3A6A80C7FDEF" box="[996,1173,557,577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">freshwater</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B23A6A81CAFDEF" box="[1226,1432,557,577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B23A6A8110FDEE" author="Foissner W." box="[1226,1346,557,576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref5601" refString="Foissner W. (1984) Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia 12: 1 - 165" type="journal article" year="1984">Foissner 1984</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC3A1481CAFDC8" box="[132,1432,595,614]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC3A148532FDC8" box="[132,352,595,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC3A14848FFDC8" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[132,221,595,614]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC3A14848FFDC8" box="[132,221,595,614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">C. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F43A1485A9FDC8" box="[396,507,595,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">300–400</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A3A14863AFDC8" box="[546,616,595,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">ca. 15</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C03A148754FDC8" box="[696,774,595,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">ca. 50</td>
<td id="92155D806067003021363A1487E6FDC8" box="[846,948,595,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">12–15</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C3A1480C7FDC8" box="[996,1173,595,614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B23A1481CAFDC8" box="[1226,1432,595,614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B23A148171FDC8" author="Kahl A." box="[1226,1315,595,614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl 1930</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1C434FC6067003022FC3A3F81CAFD22" box="[132,1432,632,652]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<th id="92155D806067003022FC3A3F8532FD22" box="[132,352,632,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC922FC3A3F84BCFD22" box="[132,238,632,652]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922FC3A3F8482FD25" box="[132,208,632,651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="92155D806067003023F43A3F85A9FD22" box="[396,507,632,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">–</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030205A3A3F863AFD22" box="[546,616,632,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">16–20</td>
<td id="92155D806067003020C03A3F8754FD22" box="[696,774,632,652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">ca. 150</td>
<td id="92155D806067003021363A3F87E6FD22" box="[846,948,632,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">12–15</td>
<td id="92155D8060670030219C3A3F80C7FD22" box="[996,1173,632,652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">marine</td>
<td id="92155D806067003026B23A3F81CAFD22" box="[1226,1432,632,652]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926B23A3E811DFD25" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[1226,1359,632,652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9268C3A3E814DFD25" box="[1268,1311,632,651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="27EE65356067FFC922D23BCF86ADFBE1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922D23BCF858BFC6A" blockId="6.[132,779,800,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation id="DF9C3CE36067FFC922D23BCF8587FC6A" country="China" latitude="37.616665" location="Coastal" longLatPrecision="1180" longitude="121.36667" municipality="Bohai Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922D23BCF8531FC0F" bold="true" box="[170,355,903,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<typeStatus id="B04F881C6067FFC922D23BCF84B5FC0C" box="[170,231,904,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="6A2B60656067FFC923033BCF8581FC0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E75D87A86064FFC921513A9480C2F83E:6A2B60656067FFC923033BCF8581FC0C" box="[379,467,904,930]" country="China" latitude="37.616665" longLatPrecision="1180" longitude="121.36667" municipality="Bohai Bay" name="Coastal" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Coastal</location>
waters of 
<collectingMunicipality id="8F2FACC46067FFC920063BCF8758FC0C" box="[638,778,904,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Bohai Bay</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="0AC050796067FFC922F53BEC84A4FC6B" box="[141,246,939,965]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" precision="925" value="37.616665">37°37’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0AC050796067FFC9237A3BEC8524FC6B" box="[258,374,939,965]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" precision="925" value="121.36667">121°22’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingCountry id="17E3762E6067FFC923F33BED8587FC6A" box="[395,469,938,964]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">China</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922D23B8A86ADFBE1" blockId="6.[132,779,800,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922D23B8A8538FC49" bold="true" box="[170,362,973,999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="DF9C3CE36067FFC923003B8A86A9FBE1" country="China" location="Laboratory of Protozoology" municipality="Ocean University" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
A protargol slide containing the 
<typeStatus id="B04F881C6067FFC922FC3BB784B9FBA4" box="[132,235,1008,1034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen marked with an ink circle has been deposited in the 
<location id="6A2B60656067FFC923203C5586FFFB82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E75D87A86064FFC921513A9480C2F83E:6A2B60656067FFC923203C5586FFFB82" box="[344,685,1042,1068]" country="China" municipality="Ocean University" name="Laboratory of Protozoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Laboratory of Protozoology</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8F2FACC46067FFC920B83C548552FBE1" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Ocean University</collectingMunicipality>
of 
<collectingCountry id="17E3762E6067FFC9235F3C72853FFBE1" box="[295,365,1077,1103]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">China</collectingCountry>
(Registry no. WYG2006032701)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27EE65356067FFC922D23C1F8525FB19" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922D23C1F8525FB19" blockId="6.[132,779,800,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922D23C1F8569FBDC" bold="true" box="[170,315,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species-group name 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC920FC3C1E84E0FB3A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">sinicus, -a, -um</emphasis>
[m, f, n] reflects the fact that this organism was discovered in 
<collectingCountry id="17E3762E6067FFC923513CDA8521FB19" box="[297,371,1181,1207]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27EE65356067FFC922D23C8780C2F83E" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC922D23C8780B8FB75" blockId="6.[132,779,800,1935]" lastBlockId="6.[816,1463,800,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC922D23C87851AFB74" bold="true" box="[170,328,1216,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Description:</emphasis>
Extended cell size about 140–240 × 14–25 µm 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC923723CA4850FFB52" box="[266,349,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">in vivo</emphasis>
, with a length:width ratio of about 10–13:1; cell flexible and contractile; anterior body portion slightly narrowed and posterior part rounded (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC922F53D0D8548FACB" box="[141,282,1354,1381]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923523D0D8527FACB" box="[298,373,1354,1381]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5A–E</figureCitation>
). Oral bulge inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC920A23D0D8482FA26" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
). 71–164 ellipsoid macronuclei, with size about 2–4 × 1–2 µm, scattered in cytoplasm (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC920D13DD78754FA04" box="[681,774,1424,1450]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC922FC3DF584FFFA63" box="[132,173,1458,1485]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5N</figureCitation>
). Single contractile vacuole located at the posterior body end (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923413D928590FA41" box="[313,450,1493,1519]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923A93D9285A4FA5E" box="[465,502,1493,1520]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
). Extrusomes rod-like, about 6–8 µm long, attached in batches to oral bulge, and scattered in cell (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923E13E5D867BF99B" box="[409,553,1562,1589]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC920443E5D86D4F99B" box="[572,646,1562,1589]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5F, G</figureCitation>
); extruded ones can be observed outside oral bulge, about 12–16 µm long (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923793E278533F9D4" box="[257,353,1632,1658]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC923093E2785C5F9D5" box="[369,407,1632,1659]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5L</figureCitation>
). Cortex flexible with distinct furrows present in some contracted specimens (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC920A23EC584FBF96E" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Cell colour greyish due to packed food vacuoles, ca. 10 µm in diameter, and cytoplasmic granules, ellipsoid or round, ca. 1–4 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC920E53EAD84C8F889" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC922D23F4A8482F886" box="[170,208,1805,1832]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5C</figureCitation>
). Movement by slowly crawling on bottom of Petri dish, with anterior body portion continually contracting. 17–21 somatic kineties mainly consisting of monokinetids and extending the entire body length, each of which consists of 6–9 narrowly spaced oralized somatic monokinetids and 89–188 ordinarily spaced somatic monokinetids (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926E63B228173FC2E" box="[1182,1313,869,896]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4D, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC927543B228129FC2E" box="[1324,1403,869,896]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5H–K</figureCitation>
). Somatic cilia about 5–6 µm long (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926CB3BCF8147FC0D" box="[1203,1301,904,931]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Four dorsal brush rows consisting of 3–7, 10 or 11, 11–13, and 3–6 dikinetids respectively (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC9262B3B8A80E5FC49" box="[1107,1207,973,999]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926BD3B8A8158FC46" box="[1221,1290,973,1000]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5H–J</figureCitation>
). Cilia of dorsal brush undetectable in living cells, but observable in protargol stained specimens and about 2.5 µm long (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC921413C7287C8FBE1" box="[825,922,1077,1103]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC921DD3C728043FBE1" box="[933,1041,1077,1104]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5H–J, M</figureCitation>
). Circumoral kinety inconspicuous, composed of dikinetids which are at anterior end of each somatic kinety (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926553C3C80E3FB3B" box="[1069,1201,1147,1173]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4D, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926C53C3D808BFB3B" box="[1213,1241,1146,1173]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5I</figureCitation>
). Nematodesmata, which can be observed after protargol staining, arising from circumoral kinety (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC9262F3C8780E6FB74" box="[1111,1204,1216,1242]" captionStart="Figs 4" captionStartId="7.[125,168,1162,1184]" captionTargetBox="[148,1446,228,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[125,1463,220,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4A–F. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A, C) and after protargol staining (B, D–F). A – typical extended individual; B – detail of anterior part of dorsal ciliary pattern; C – contracted individual; D, E – overview of ciliary pattern of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F – distribution of macronuclei, extrusomes, and nematodesmata. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, Ma – macronuclei, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926B83C87808EFB75" box="[1216,1244,1216,1243]" captionStart="Figs 5" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[128,1466,223,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[128,1466,223,1230]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC9212E3CA587DFFA04" blockId="6.[816,1463,800,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9212E3CA587A9FB52" bold="true" box="[854,1019,1250,1276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Comparison:</emphasis>
Considering the cell size, the number of macronuclei and somatic kineties, 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC926853D4281E5FAB1" authorityName="Fan &amp; Xu &amp; Gu &amp; Li &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2015" box="[1277,1463,1285,1311]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC926853D4281E5FAB1" box="[1277,1463,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46B357D76067FFC921483D6E87FAFAED" box="[816,936,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from most congeners. But, 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC921113D0C87ABFACB" box="[873,1017,1355,1381]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC921113D0C8783FACB" box="[873,977,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC926783D0C8013FACA" box="[1024,1089,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">sensu</emphasis>
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC926F93D0C80E9FACB" box="[1153,1211,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
, (1995) and 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC927363D0C8047FA29" authority="Kahl, 1930" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC927363D0C87DBFA29" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC921E93D2A8047FA29" author="Kahl A." box="[913,1045,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
need to be compared with our new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC9212E3DF487AAF96E" blockId="6.[816,1463,800,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
Although no information regarding its living cell is available, 
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC921B03D92800EFA5E" box="[968,1116,1493,1520]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC921B03D928062FA41" box="[968,1072,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9261D3D9180F4FA41" box="[1125,1190,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC926C83D9181D3FA5E" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[1200,1409,1493,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC926943D91817BFA41" box="[1260,1321,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
still differs from the new form in possessing longer extrusomes (12–15 µm vs. 6–8 µm) and more dikinetids, in particular in the dorsal brush rows (22–28, 25–30, 25–32, 24–29 vs. 3–7, 10 or 11, 11–13, 3–6). These two species can therefore be separated (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC926B23EC4811CF933" box="[1226,1358,1667,1693]" captionStart="Figs 3" captionStartId="5.[125,168,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[129,1451,979,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-327@5.[125,1463,967,1673]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 3A–M. Morphology of some closely-related congeners of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and Chaenea sinica spec. nov. A–D – C. teres (from Petz et al., 1995), general view of living cell (A), overview of ciliary pattern (B), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body end (C), surface view showing cortical granulation (D); E – C. simulans (from Kahl, 1930); F – C. robusta (from Kahl, 1930) G, H – Chaenea sp. (from Petz et al., 1995), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (G), overview of ciliary pattern (H); I–K – C. stricta (from Foissner, 1984), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (I), general view (J), overview of ciliary pattern (K); L, M – C. vorax (from Song and Packroff, 1997), general view (L), overview of ciliary pattern (M). B – dorsal brush, B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CG – cortical granules, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, H, L), 50 µm (B, J, K, M), 150 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638256/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 3G, H</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="227603056067FFC927213EC481E3F933" box="[1369,1457,1667,1693]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[132,188,223,244]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec.nov. with their closely related congeners. SK – somatic kineties, Ma – macronuclei, – data not available." pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC921483EE187B9F96E" author="Petz W. &amp; Song W. &amp; Wilbert N." box="[816,1003,1701,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6129" refString="Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. (1995) Taxonomy and ecology of the ciliate fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the endopagial and pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Stapfia 40: 1 - 223" type="journal article" year="1995">
Petz 
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC921123EE187F7F911" box="[874,933,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4B36BE6067FFC9212E3E8F80C2F83E" blockId="6.[816,1463,800,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A8F44D3D6067FFC9212E3E8F804CF94C" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1930" box="[854,1054,1736,1762]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Trachelophyllidae" genus="Chaenea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5D80EAAC6067FFC9212E3E8F804CF94C" box="[854,1054,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Chaenea robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the new species by having: (1) a longer body (300–400 µm vs. 140–240 µm), (2) longer dorsal brush cilia (8 µm vs. ca. 2.5 µm) and extrusomes (12–15 µm vs. 6–8 µm), and (3) fewer somatic kineties (about 15 vs. 19 on average) (
<figureCitation id="F7CF2A3B6067FFC921413F3287C0F83E" box="[825,914,1909,1936]" captionStart="Figs 3" captionStartId="5.[125,168,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[129,1451,979,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-327@5.[125,1463,967,1673]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 3A–M. Morphology of some closely-related congeners of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and Chaenea sinica spec. nov. A–D – C. teres (from Petz et al., 1995), general view of living cell (A), overview of ciliary pattern (B), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body end (C), surface view showing cortical granulation (D); E – C. simulans (from Kahl, 1930); F – C. robusta (from Kahl, 1930) G, H – Chaenea sp. (from Petz et al., 1995), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (G), overview of ciliary pattern (H); I–K – C. stricta (from Foissner, 1984), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (I), general view (J), overview of ciliary pattern (K); L, M – C. vorax (from Song and Packroff, 1997), general view (L), overview of ciliary pattern (M). B – dorsal brush, B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CG – cortical granules, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, H, L), 50 µm (B, J, K, M), 150 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638256/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="227603056067FFC921E63F3287A5F83E" box="[926,1015,1909,1936]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[132,188,223,244]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec.nov. with their closely related congeners. SK – somatic kineties, Ma – macronuclei, – data not available." pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0B654B4F6067FFC9267C3F3280D1F83E" author="Kahl A." box="[1028,1155,1909,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref5888" refString="Kahl A. (1930) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 18: 1 - 180" type="journal article" year="1930">Kahl 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>