207 lines
26 KiB
XML
207 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3432075F4926911C56C9A0AEA6ED78E7">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="153F350AB9BDA9D07C3B677694F6AED0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="007FD74E8AEADE156C9D682A8EFB08B4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8C885B1A15659468FF46C3E3052892E">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2BD6EC9CA9C16A7C6E6D99EA94D71471">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFA8206008581DBF0D6BF908" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706513" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6706513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFA8206008581DBF0D6BF908" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFA8206008581DBF0D6BF908" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA8206108581DBF0D92F5CA" box="[1391,1445,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA8206108581DBF0D92F5CA" blockId="6.[1388,2424,2531,2616]" box="[1391,1445,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFA8206108581DBF0D92F5CA" box="[1391,1445,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFA8206108581DBF0D92F5CA" box="[1391,1445,2531,2577]" captionStart="Plate 10: Cricetidae" captionStartId="2.[121,151,3210,3235]" captionTargetBox="[13,2742,14,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Roborovski’s Desert Hamster (Phodopus roborouskii), 2. Campbell's Desert Hamster (Phodopus campbelli), 3. Striped Desert Hamster (Phodopus sungorus), 4. Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), 5. Ciscaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus radder), 6. Brandt's Hamster (Mesocricetus brandii), 7. Romanian Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni), 8. Gray Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus migratorius), 9. Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus longicaudatus), 10. Striped Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus barabensis), 11. Sokolov’s Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus sokolouvi), 12. Ladakh Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus alticola), 13. Tibetan Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus kamensis), 14. Gansu Hamster (Cansumys canus), 15. Greater Long-tailed Hamster (Tscherskia triton), 16. Mongolian Hamster (Allocricetulus curtatus), 17. Eversmann’s Hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni), 18. Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus), 19. Long-clawed Mole Vole (Prometheomys schaposchnikowi), 20. Round-tailed Muskrat (Neofiber alleni), 21. Common Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), 22. Western Heather Vole (Phenacomys intermedius), 23. Eastern Heather Vole (Phenacomys ungava), 24. White-footed Vole (Arborimus albipes), 25. Red Tree Vole (Arborvmus longicaudus), 26. Sonoma Tree Vole (Arborimus pomo), 27. Northern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys borealis), 28. Southern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys cooperi), 29. Wood Lemming (Myopus schisticolor), 30. Amur Brown Lemming (Lemmus amurensis), 31. Norway Brown Lemming (Lemmus lemmus), 32. Siberian Brown Lemming (Lemmus sibiricus), 33. Nearctic Brown Lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708369/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">15.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA8206108801DBF0024F5CA" box="[1463,2067,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA8206108801DBF0024F5CA" blockId="6.[1388,2424,2531,2616]" box="[1463,2067,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFA8206108801DBF0024F5CA" box="[1463,2067,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFA8206108801DBF0024F5CA" ID-CoL="59HGN" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1463,2067,2531,2577]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">Greater Long-tailed Hamster</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA82061056B1DBF014FF5CA" box="[2140,2424,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061056B1DBF014FF5CA" blockId="6.[1388,2424,2531,2616]" box="[2140,2424,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFA82061056B1DBF014FF5CA" box="[2140,2424,2531,2577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061056B1DBF014FF5CA" ID-CoL="59HGN" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[2140,2424,2531,2577]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA82061056B1DBF014FF5CA" box="[2140,2424,2531,2577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">Tscherskia triton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA82061085B1E7F0175F5E3" box="[1388,2370,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061085B1E7F0175F5E3" blockId="6.[1388,2424,2531,2616]" box="[1388,2370,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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||
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFA82061085B1E7F0175F5E3" box="[1388,2370,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA82061085B1E7F0D80F5E3" bold="true" box="[1388,1463,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFA8206108F61E7F0E67F5E3" ID-CoL="59HGN" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1473,1616,2595,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">Hamster triton</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA820610B511E7F0EF7F5E3" bold="true" box="[1638,1728,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFA820610BFD1E7F0F94F5E3" ID-CoL="59HGN" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1738,1955,2595,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">Langschwanzhamster</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA820610A8F1E7F0024F5E3" bold="true" box="[1976,2067,2595,2616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFA82061052A1E7F0175F5E3" ID-CoL="59HGN" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[2077,2370,2595,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">Hamster grande de cola larga</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA820610AF81E3601C4F574" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA820610AF81E3601C4F574" blockId="6.[1998,2593,2666,3087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA820610AF81E36005DF55C" bold="true" box="[1999,2154,2666,2695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061054B1E3600B8F574" ID-CoL="5GP9H" authority="de Winton, 1899" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton" subGenus="Cricetulus">Cricetulus (Cricetulus) triton de Winton, 1899</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFA8206105A81ECA01C4F574" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814563" box="[2207,2547,2710,2735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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“N. Shantung, [
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFA82061044C1ECA01EEF574" box="[2427,2521,2710,2735]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">China</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA820610AE71EE90230F35D" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA820610AE71EE90230F35D" blockId="6.[1998,2593,2666,3087]" lastBlockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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In the past, 1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206105A31EE900E2F50D" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[2196,2261,2741,2774]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">triton</taxonomicName>
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was placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA820610AE51E80007BF526" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[2002,2124,2780,2813]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cricetulus</taxonomicName>
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, but analysis of mtDNA validated generic status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206105F71F54010CF4FE" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1914" box="[2240,2363,2824,2853]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tscherskia</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206104791F540217F4FE" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1928" box="[2382,2592,2824,2853]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cansumys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">Cansumys canus</taxonomicName>
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is considered as subspecies of 1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206104861F7701C4F497" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[2481,2547,2859,2892]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">triton</taxonomicName>
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by some authors, but they are quite different morphologically and karyologically. Existing genetic evidence of conspecificity of Ischerskia
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206105571F900096F432" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[2144,2209,3020,3049]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">triton</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206105CA1F9001E1F432" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1928" box="[2301,2518,3020,3049]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cansumys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">Cansumys canus</taxonomicName>
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may reflect misidentification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206104711FB20185F3D4" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1928" box="[2374,2482,3054,3087]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cansumys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">C. canus</taxonomicName>
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. Widely used subspecific names collinus and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA820610A57184A0FF4F3EC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1888,1987,3094,3127]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thomasomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">incanus</taxonomicName>
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have been changed for gender agreement. Some authors consider 13cherskia
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA820610A0518620F44F384" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[1842,1907,3134,3167]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triton">triton</taxonomicName>
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ningshaanensis named by S. Song in 1985 a subspecies of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA8206108FB18350E00F35D" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1928" box="[1484,1591,3177,3206]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cansumys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">C. canus</taxonomicName>
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, but here is treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061051A183500B4F35D" box="[2093,2179,3177,3206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">incana</taxonomicName>
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. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA82060085C18D3090DFEAA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<caption id="DF268C8DFFA82060085C18D3090DFEAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760187/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" startId="6.[1387,1541,3215,3244]" targetBox="[1384,1975,2671,3084]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061085C18D30ECDF377" blockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" box="[1387,1786,3215,3244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA82061085C18D30ECDF377" bold="true" box="[1387,1786,3215,3244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061085818E00079F320" blockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061085818E00079F320" authority="de Winton, 1899" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triton" subSpecies="triton">T:t.tritondeWinton,1899—EChina(CShaanxi,mostofShanxi,SHebei,Tianjin,Henan,Shandong,Anhui,Jiangsu,andNZhejiang).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA820610858195A0105F2F8" blockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" box="[1391,2354,3334,3363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA820610858195A0105F2F8" authority="G. M. Allen, 1925" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1925" box="[1391,2354,3334,3363]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triton" subSpecies="colina">T.t.colinaG.M.Allen,1925—CChina(NShaanxiandNWShanxi).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061085919720FF4F2AA" blockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061085919720FF4F2AA" authority="G. M .. Allen, 1925" authorityName="G. M .. Allen" authorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triton" subSpecies="fuscipes">T:t.fuscipesG.M..Allen,1925—NEChina(InnerMongolia[=NeiMongol],NHebei,Beijing,Heilongjiang,Jilin,andLiaoning).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA82061085919DC0175F242" blockId="6.[1387,2590,3094,3481]" box="[1390,2370,3456,3481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA82061085919DC0EF9F242" authority="Thomas, 1908" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[1390,1742,3456,3481]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triton" subSpecies="incana">T. t. incana Thomas, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
||
— C China (Gansu, Ningxia, and S Shaanxi).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8D1577090DFEAA" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA920600D8D15770A22FE93" authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[186,533,299,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Tscherskia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triton" subSpecies="nestor">T. t. nestor Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Korea (including Cheju I) and Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D81152A0C09FD08" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D81152A0C09FD08" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D81152A0998FE4C" bold="true" box="[182,431,374,407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 142-220 mm, tail 65-106 mm, ear 17-25 mm, hindfoot 20-29 mm; weight 92-241 g. Male Greater Long-tailed Hamsters are slightly larger than females. Fur color of head and upperparts varies from pale brownish gray to dark grayish brown, gradually passing to ash-gray throat and underparts; some individuals have white spot on their chests. Legs are white. Tail is covered with short hairs, often white at distal ends. Condylobasal skull lengths are 35-6-46 mm, interorbital widths are 5-2—-6-1 mm, and molar tooth row lengths are 5-4-7 mm. Molars are low-crowned; upper molar rows diverge slightly in forward direction. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 (+0-2 supplementary B chromosomes) and FN = 34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8016BD0BA0FC92" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8016BD0BA0FC92" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D8016BD0911FD21" bold="true" box="[183,294,737,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mainly farmlands but also meadows, shrublands, and abandoned fields and gardens, preferring upland parts of meso-relief and upper edges of ravines and penetrating into mixed broad-leaf forests in river valleys.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8017130C17FC64" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8017130C17FC64" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D80171309F2FCAB" bold="true" box="[183,453,847,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Long-tailed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA920600E7517130B8CFCAB" box="[834,955,847,880]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
|
||
eats seeds, green plant parts, and insects; seeds dominate in diets in summer and autumn. It somtimes eats dead rodents. Seeds are stored in burrows; seed stores can be 10 kg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8017990BB2FB86" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8017990BB2FB86" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D801799090AFC3D" bold="true" box="[183,317,965,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of the Greater Long-tailed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFA920600E6F17990BE7FC3D" box="[856,976,965,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in April-October. Females can produce up to 3 litters/year. Litters have 2-24 young (usually 7-10). Females born in spring are reproductively mature at c.2 months old; those born afterJuly are mature after overwintering. Lifespan is c.1 year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D81103F0B32FB08" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D81103F0B32FB08" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D81103F0991FB5F" bold="true" box="[182,422,1123,1156]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Aboveground, Greater Long-tailed Hamsters are crepuscular and nocturnal. They do not hibernate, but in winter (November-March), individuals stay in burrows with entrances plugged by soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8010850A22F9ED" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8010850A22F9ED" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D8010850BA6FB21" bold="true" box="[183,913,1241,1274]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Home ranges of Greater Longtailed Hamsters have one main living burrow and several shelter burrows. Main burrow has a complicated system of tunnels, one main vertical entrance, 2—4 exits plugged by soil, and nest chamber c.1-5 m deep. Shelter burrows are simple and consist of one vertical tunnel ending with small extension at depths of 35-60 cm. Greater Long-tailed Hamsters are solitary. They frequently scent-mark with flank glands. Contacts between individuals of the same sex are mainly aggressive. Male—female interactions are also mainly aggressive, and females permit males to mount only during estrus. Dispersal is significantly male-biased.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8E12670CE5F987" box="[185,1234,1595,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8E12670CE5F987" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" box="[185,1234,1595,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D8E12670A22F987" bold="true" box="[185,533,1595,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFA920600D8E12370D6BF908" pageId="7" pageNumber="286" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFA920600D8E12370D6BF908" blockId="7.[181,1390,299,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFA920600D8E1237097BF95F" bold="true" box="[185,332,1643,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="286">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Giraudoux et al. (1998), Gromov & Erbajeva (1995), Kartavtseva & Alekseeva (1987), Kartavtseva et al. (1980), Koh Hung-Sun et al. (2013), Kostenko (1984), Liao Jicheng et al. (2007), Song Mingjing etal. (2005), Song Shiying (1985), Wang Jinxing et al. (1999), Zhang Jianxu et al. (1999), Zhang Jie (1987), Zhang Yongzu etal. (1997).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |