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<document id="5E58B8380271554F9F7691D0E49CD203" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FF902059084F17C500AFF689" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Microtus canicaudus Miller 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="7BEB41EE66C0C8FBE13DFB64FA1D3406">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCBDC7D8A1AA461E368662B065960AE9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79CC011B596AA194649C02DA3072E1BF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C98DA56B230ECD8F25603B712227DDDE">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="198A76E71C2FBDD9206F48AB31AB863B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF902059084F17C500AFF689" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6711610" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6711610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF902059084F17C500AFF689" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF902059084F17C500AFF689" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059084F17C50DFFFC1C" box="[1400,1480,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059084F17C50DFFFC1C" blockId="62.[1395,2407,921,1014]" box="[1400,1480,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF902059084F17C50DFFFC1C" box="[1400,1480,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<figureCitation id="1362C080FF902059084F17C50DFFFC1C" box="[1400,1480,921,967]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="50.[118,148,3222,3247]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera's Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708411/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">146.</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF90205908EE17C50F16FC1C" box="[1497,1825,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF90205908EE17C50F16FC1C" blockId="62.[1395,2407,921,1014]" box="[1497,1825,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF90205908EE17C50F16FC1C" box="[1497,1825,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF90205908EE17C50F16FC1C" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" box="[1497,1825,921,967]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">Gray-tailed Vole</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590A5F17C500D6FC1C" box="[1896,2273,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590A5F17C500D6FC1C" blockId="62.[1395,2407,921,1014]" box="[1896,2273,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590A5F17C500D6FC1C" box="[1896,2273,921,967]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590A5F17C500D6FC1C" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" box="[1896,2273,921,967]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590A5F17C500D6FC1C" box="[1896,2273,921,967]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Microtus canicaudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059084317860151FC34" box="[1396,2406,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059084317860151FC34" blockId="62.[1395,2407,921,1014]" box="[1396,2406,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF902059084317860151FC34" box="[1396,2406,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059084317860DF7FC34" bold="true" box="[1396,1472,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF90205908FE17860EFFFC34" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" box="[1481,1736,986,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">Campagnol a queue grise</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590BEA17860F00FC34" bold="true" box="[1757,1847,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590A771786000FFC34" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" box="[1856,2104,986,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">Grauschwanz-Wiihimaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059057A1786009FFC34" bold="true" box="[2125,2216,986,1007]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF902059059917860151FC34" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" box="[2222,2406,986,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">Topillo de cola gris</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590AE010430176FB6D" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590AE010430126FB54" blockId="62.[2005,2600,1055,1482]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590AE010430045FB9B" bold="true" box="[2007,2162,1055,1088]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF90205905B51043007AFBB3" ID-CoL="7VV86" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicaudus">Microtus canicaudus G. S. Miller, 1897</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF902059055310170126FB54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814979" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
McCoy, Willamette Valley, Polk County,
<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FF902059057A1032008CFB54" box="[2125,2235,1134,1167]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Oregon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF90205905FB1032013AFB54" box="[2252,2317,1134,1167]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590AE010C90176FB6D" blockId="62.[2005,2600,1055,1482]" box="[2007,2369,1173,1206]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590AE110E1002BFAF0" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF268C8DFF9020590AE110E1002BFAF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760629/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" startId="62.[2006,2178,1213,1246]" targetBox="[1392,1982,1064,1477]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590AE110E1002BFAF0" blockId="62.[2005,2600,1055,1482]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590AE110E100B1FB05" bold="true" box="[2006,2182,1213,1246]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Distribution.</emphasis>
Clark County in SE Washington and Willamette Valley in NE Oregon, USA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590AE2116F0224F9BD" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590AE2116F0224F9BD" blockId="62.[2005,2600,1055,1482]" lastBlockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590AE2116F00DBFA8F" bold="true" box="[2005,2284,1331,1364]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 108-123 mm, tail 32-45 mm, hindfoot 15-21 mm; weight greater than 50 g. Dorsum of the Gray-tailed Vole is yellowish brown or yellowish gray; venter and feet are grayish. Auditory bullae are inflated, and braincase is broad relative to length. Eyes are relatively large compared to most other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF902059084612410DE8F9E5" box="[1393,1503,1565,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microtus</taxonomicName>
. Tail is relatively short and gray and has dark dorsal stripe. Incisors are slightly procumbent, and incisive foramina are greater than 5 mm. Diploid numberis 2n = 24.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085812300D88F96A" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085812300D88F96A" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085812300DE9F956" bold="true" box="[1391,1502,1644,1677]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Habitat.</emphasis>
Agriculturalfields, including grains, grass seed, pastures, hayfields, and fallow lands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085912E70101F88A" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085912E70101F88A" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085912E70E4EF907" bold="true" box="[1390,1657,1723,1756]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Gray-tailed Voles are thought to eat various grasses, clover (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF90205904D312E70DEEF8DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Trifolium sp.</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF90205908DD12830E46F8DB" box="[1514,1649,1759,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), wild onion (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590A0112BD0FF7F8D8" box="[1846,1984,1761,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Allium sp.</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590AF812BE0098F8D8" box="[1999,2223,1762,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
), and false dandelion (Hypochaenris radicata,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590B5113560F32F8F0" box="[1638,1797,1802,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
). They are frequently associated with agriculturalfields, especially fields grown for grass seed, small grains, and pasture lands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085A13050166F834" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085A13050166F834" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085A13050DC3F8A1" bold="true" box="[1389,1524,1881,1914]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Breeding.</emphasis>
Breeding of Gray-tailed Voles probably occurs year-round. Adult females in reproductive condition have been found in March-December. Females have multiple litters each year, usually with 3-7 young (average 5). Gestation lasts 21-23 days. Captive females as young as 18 days old can mate and produce viable offspring.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085D13A8002FF7CE" box="[1386,2072,2036,2069]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085D13A8002FF7CE" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" box="[1386,2072,2036,2069]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085D13A80E61F7CE" bold="true" box="[1386,1622,2036,2069]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Gray-tailed Voles are terrestrial.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085B1C450159F700" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085B1C450159F700" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085B1C450005F7E5" bold="true" box="[1388,2098,2073,2110]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Gray-tailed Voles construct underground burrows and complex tunnel networks, but they also use burrows of the Camas Pocket Gopher (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590B6F1C300ED4F756" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" box="[1624,1763,2156,2189]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thomomys</taxonomicName>
bulbivorus). Densities fluctuate markedly, but few quantitative data are available. In enclosures, densities of 600 ind/ha have been attained. Owls, hawks, foxes, skunks, and domestic and feral cats are common predators.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085C1CBE01B2F6D8" box="[1387,2437,2274,2307]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085C1CBE01B2F6D8" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" box="[1387,2437,2274,2307]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085C1CBE0EFFF6D8" bold="true" box="[1387,1736,2274,2307]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059085C1D5300AFF689" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059085C1D5300AFF689" blockId="62.[1386,2599,1487,2386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059085C1D530E33F6F3" bold="true" box="[1387,1540,2319,2344]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Goertz (1964), Hall (1981), Hsu &amp; Johnson (1970), Musser &amp; Carleton (2005), Verts &amp; Carraway (1987 1988), Wolff, Edge &amp; Bentley (1994), Wolff, Schauber &amp; Edge (1997).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>